The Experts below are selected from a list of 49542 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gareth Bryant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the politics of Carbon Market design rethinking the techno politics and post politics of climate change
Antipode, 2016Co-Authors: Gareth BryantAbstract:Carbon Markets have provided fertile ground for research on the changing nature of political contestation. MacKenzie locates a “techno-politics” of Carbon Markets that creates new possibilities for a “politics of Market design”. In contrast, Swyngedouw argues Carbon Markets are part of a “post-political” shift that narrows potential pathways through “depoliticisation”. This article engages with these debates by examining three recent attempts to reform the ailing European Union Emissions Trading System: restricting industrial gas offsets, backloading allowance auctions and the 2030 climate and energy package. It conceptualises the respective episodes as contests over the reach, force and priority of value determinations in climate policy, emphasising the contradictory imperatives facing states on each issue. The outcomes of contestation between industry groups and environmental organisations—real but limited reforms and a consolidation of the Carbon Market over alternatives—demonstrate the constraints facing technocratic campaigning and the ongoing politicisation of climate change.
Amar Ramudhin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Carbon Market sensitive sustainable supply chain network design
international journal of management science and engineering management, 2010Co-Authors: Amar Ramudhin, Abdelberi Chaabane, Marc PaquetAbstract:Abstract Sustainable Supply Chain Network Design involves taking into account social, economic and environmental objectives at design time. While the social dimension is sometime harder to capture or quantify in mathematical terms, the Emission Trading Schema (ETS) introduces a natural trade-off between the economic and the environmental dimensions. This article addresses the design of supply chains that are also sensitive to the Carbon Market. Carbon emissions and total logistics costs are integrated in the design of the supply chain using a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model that is solved by goal programming. The proposed methodology provides decision makers with the ability to evaluate the trade-offs between total logistics costs and Carbon offsetting under different supply chain operating strategies, environmental regulatory constraints and Carbon Market evolution. The approach is presented through an illustrative example derived from the steel industry where new legislation impos...
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Carbon Market Sensitive Green Supply Chain Network Design
Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2008. IEEM 2008. IEEE International Conference on, 2008Co-Authors: Amar Ramudhin, Mourad Kharoune, Abdelberi Chaabane, Maryse PaquetAbstract:This paper introduces a mixed integer mathematical model formulation\nfor the �Carbon-Market Sensitive - Green Supply Chain Network Design�\nproblem (CMS/GSCND) where Carbon trading considerations are integrated\nwithin the supply chain network design phase. The solution methodology\nallows the evaluation of different strategic decisions alternatives,\nsuch as supplier and subcontractor selection, product allocation,\ncapacity utilization, and transportation configuration, and their\nimpact in terms of Carbon footprint. This new formulation provides\ndecision makers with the ability to understand the trade-offs between\ntotal logistics costs and the impact of greenhouse gases reduction.\nIt also allows offsetting the latter through both supply chain reengineering\nand Carbon trading. Model validation, results, and extended analysis\nare demonstrated via a numerical study.
Till Pistorius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effectiveness and legitimacy of forest Carbon standards in the OTC voluntary Carbon Market
Carbon Balance and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Eduard Merger, Till PistoriusAbstract:Background In recent years, the voluntary over-the-counter (OTC) Carbon Market has reached a significant Market volume. It is particularly interesting for forest mitigation projects which are either ineligible in compliance Markets or confronted with a plethora of technical and financial hurdles and lacking Market demand. As the OTC Market is not regulated, voluntary standards have been created to secure the social and environmental integrity of the traded mitigation projects and thus to ensure the quality of the resulting Carbon credits. Building on a theoretical efficiency-legitimacy framework, this study aims to identify and analyse the characteristics and indicators that determine the efficiency and organisational legitimacy of standards for afforestation/reforestation Carbon projects. Results All interviewed Market actors consider third-party certification and standards as a crucial component of Market functionality, which provide quality assurance mechanisms that reduce information asymmetries and moral hazard between the actors regarding the quality of Carbon credits, and thus reduce transaction costs. Despite this development, the recent evolution of many new and differing standards is seen as a major obstacle that renders it difficult for project developers and buyers to select an appropriate standard. According to the interviewed experts the most important legitimating factors of standards are assurance of a sufficient level of quality of Carbon credits, scientifically substantiated methodological accounting and independent third-party verification, independence of standard bodies, transparency, wide Market acceptance, back-up of the wider community including experts and NGOs, rigorous procedures, and the resemblance to the Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) CDM due to its international policy endorsements. In addition, standards must provide evidence that projects contribute to a positive social and environmental development, do no harm as a minimum requirement and build a strong track record of successful projects. Project developers require clear, easily and practically applicable standards at lowest possible costs with a high potential in order to achieve good Carbon prices, while buyers require that standards are legitimate, credible and that no public criticism arises when Carbon credits are purchased from projects certified by a certain standard. Conclusions Despite the fragmented and immature state of the OTC Market, standards act as 'Market-making' intermediaries and contribute to the quality and transparency of the OTC Market. However, the variety of different standards imposes new hurdles for their efficiency and often creates confusion instead of confidence among potential buyers. Despite the lacking legitimacy of the standards, pressures from the institutional environment on standards ensure a minimum quality of Carbon credits (including positive social and environmental impacts of Carbon credits) that serves as an insurance mechanism for the integrity of standards. Its unregulated nature and the pressure from an increasingly competitive environment provides innovative space to deliver efficient certification procedures without imposing unreasonably high transaction costs on Market actors. Furthermore, voluntary standards imply a more innovative certification approach, as one legal authority could do, because standards have to compete for adopters backed by civil society organisations. Thereby, the forest sector in OTC voluntary Market bears great opportunities to provide the forest sector with crucial lessons for international climate policy and governmental institutions when designing regulation for forest regulation such as international and national REDDplus schemes.
Valentina Bosetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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linking reduced deforestation and a global Carbon Market implications for clean energy technology and policy flexibility
Environment and Development Economics, 2011Co-Authors: Valentina Bosetti, Ruben N Lubowski, Alexander Golub, Anil MarkandyaAbstract:This study uses a global climate-energy-economy model to investigate potential implications of linking credits from reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries to a global Carbon Market, focusing on reducing emissions from deforestation (RED) and effects on energy technology innovation. Integrating RED into a global Carbon Market lowers the estimated total costs of a policy to achieve 535 ppmv of CO 2 -equivalent concentrations in 2100 by up to 25 per cent. Alternatively, a global RED program could enable additional reductions of about 20 ppmv by 2100 with no added costs compared with an energy-sector-only policy. The results indicate that Market linkage of RED induces modest reductions in clean energy innovation overall but slightly enhances development of particular technologies, including Carbon capture and storage. We also find that RED in combination with credit banking encourages greater mitigation in the near term, enhancing flexibility to potentially tighten emission targets at lower cost in response to future information.
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linking reduced deforestation and a global Carbon Market impacts on costs financial flows and technological innovation
Nota di Lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), 2009Co-Authors: Valentina Bosetti, Anil Markandya, Alexander Golub, Ruben N LubowskiAbstract:Discussions over tropical deforestation are currently at the forefront of climate change policy negotiations at national, regional, and international levels. This paper analyzes the effects of linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global Market for greenhouse gas emission reductions. We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppmv of CO2 equivalent. Introducing REDD reduces global forestry emissions through 2050 by 20-22% in the Brazil-only case and by 64-88% in the global REDD scenarios. At the same time, REDD lowers the total costs of the climate policy by an estimated 10-25% depending on which tropical countries participate and whether the “banking” of excess credits for use in future periods is allowed. As a result, REDD could enable additional reductions of at least 20 ppmv of CO2-equivalent concentrations with no added costs compared to an energy-sector only policy. The cost savings from REDD are magnified if banking is allowed and there is a need to increase the stringency of global climate policy in the future in response, for example, to new scientific information. Results also indicate that REDD decreases Carbon prices in 2050 by 8-23% with banking and 11-26% without banking. While developing regions, particularly Latin America, gain the value of REDD opportunities, the decrease in the Carbon price keeps the value of international Carbon Market flows relatively stable despite an increase in volumes transacted. We also estimate that REDD generally reduces the total portfolio of investments and research and development of new energy technologies by 1-10%. However, due to impacts on the relative prices of different fossil fuels, REDD has a slight positive estimated effect on investments in coal-related technologies (IGCC and CCS) as well as, in some cases, non-electric energy R&D. This research confirms that integrating REDD into global Carbon Markets can provide powerful incentives for the preservation of tropical forests while lowering the costs of global climate change protection and providing valuable policy flexibility.
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forestry and the Carbon Market response to stabilize climate
Energy Policy, 2007Co-Authors: Massimo Tavoni, Brent Sohngen, Valentina BosettiAbstract:This paper investigates the potential contribution of forestry management in meeting a CO2 stabilization policy of 550 ppmv by 2100. In order to assess the optimal response of the Carbon Market to forest sequestration we couple two global models. An energy-economy-climate model for the study of climate policies is linked with a detailed forestry model through an iterative procedure to provide the optimal abatement strategy. Results show that forestry is a determinant abatement option and could lead to significantly lower policy costs if included. Linking forestry management to the Carbon Market has the potential to delay the policy burden, and is expected to reduce the price of Carbon of 40% by 2050. Biological sequestration will mostly come from avoided deforestation in tropical forests rich countries. The inclusion of this mitigation option is demonstrated to crowd out some of the traditional abatement in the energy sector and to lessen induced technological change in clean technologies.
Anil Markandya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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linking reduced deforestation and a global Carbon Market implications for clean energy technology and policy flexibility
Environment and Development Economics, 2011Co-Authors: Valentina Bosetti, Ruben N Lubowski, Alexander Golub, Anil MarkandyaAbstract:This study uses a global climate-energy-economy model to investigate potential implications of linking credits from reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries to a global Carbon Market, focusing on reducing emissions from deforestation (RED) and effects on energy technology innovation. Integrating RED into a global Carbon Market lowers the estimated total costs of a policy to achieve 535 ppmv of CO 2 -equivalent concentrations in 2100 by up to 25 per cent. Alternatively, a global RED program could enable additional reductions of about 20 ppmv by 2100 with no added costs compared with an energy-sector-only policy. The results indicate that Market linkage of RED induces modest reductions in clean energy innovation overall but slightly enhances development of particular technologies, including Carbon capture and storage. We also find that RED in combination with credit banking encourages greater mitigation in the near term, enhancing flexibility to potentially tighten emission targets at lower cost in response to future information.
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linking reduced deforestation and a global Carbon Market impacts on costs financial flows and technological innovation
Nota di Lavoro - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), 2009Co-Authors: Valentina Bosetti, Anil Markandya, Alexander Golub, Ruben N LubowskiAbstract:Discussions over tropical deforestation are currently at the forefront of climate change policy negotiations at national, regional, and international levels. This paper analyzes the effects of linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global Market for greenhouse gas emission reductions. We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppmv of CO2 equivalent. Introducing REDD reduces global forestry emissions through 2050 by 20-22% in the Brazil-only case and by 64-88% in the global REDD scenarios. At the same time, REDD lowers the total costs of the climate policy by an estimated 10-25% depending on which tropical countries participate and whether the “banking” of excess credits for use in future periods is allowed. As a result, REDD could enable additional reductions of at least 20 ppmv of CO2-equivalent concentrations with no added costs compared to an energy-sector only policy. The cost savings from REDD are magnified if banking is allowed and there is a need to increase the stringency of global climate policy in the future in response, for example, to new scientific information. Results also indicate that REDD decreases Carbon prices in 2050 by 8-23% with banking and 11-26% without banking. While developing regions, particularly Latin America, gain the value of REDD opportunities, the decrease in the Carbon price keeps the value of international Carbon Market flows relatively stable despite an increase in volumes transacted. We also estimate that REDD generally reduces the total portfolio of investments and research and development of new energy technologies by 1-10%. However, due to impacts on the relative prices of different fossil fuels, REDD has a slight positive estimated effect on investments in coal-related technologies (IGCC and CCS) as well as, in some cases, non-electric energy R&D. This research confirms that integrating REDD into global Carbon Markets can provide powerful incentives for the preservation of tropical forests while lowering the costs of global climate change protection and providing valuable policy flexibility.