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David L Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The environmental and biosecurity characteristics of livestock Carcass Disposal methods: A review. Waste Manage
    2020
    Co-Authors: Ceri L Gwyther, Prysor A Williams, Peter N Golyshin, Gareth Edwards-jones, David L Jones
    Abstract:

    a b s t r a c t Livestock mortalities represent a major waste stream within agriculture. Many different methods are used throughout the world to dispose of these mortalities; however within the European Union (EU) Disposal options are limited by stringent legislation. The legal Disposal options currently available to EU farmers (primarily rendering and incineration) are frequently negatively perceived on both practical and economic grounds. In this review, we assess the potential environment impacts and biosecurity risks associated with each of the main options used for Disposal of livestock mortalities in the world and critically evaluate the justification for current EU regulations. Overall, we conclude that while current legislation intends to minimise the potential for on-farm pollution and the spread of infectious diseases (e.g. transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, bacterial pathogens), alternative technologies (e.g. bioreduction, anaerobic digestion) may provide a more cost-effective, practical and biosecure mechanism for Carcass Disposal as well as having a lower environmental footprint. Further social, environmental and economic research is therefore warranted to assess the holistic benefits of alternative approaches for Carcass Disposal in Europe, with an aim to provide policy-makers with robust knowledge to make informed decisions on future legislation

  • the environmental and biosecurity characteristics of livestock Carcass Disposal methods a review
    Waste Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ceri L Gwyther, Prysor A Williams, Peter N Golyshin, Gareth Edwardsjones, David L Jones
    Abstract:

    Livestock mortalities represent a major waste stream within agriculture. Many different methods are used throughout the world to dispose of these mortalities; however within the European Union (EU) Disposal options are limited by stringent legislation. The legal Disposal options currently available to EU farmers (primarily rendering and incineration) are frequently negatively perceived on both practical and economic grounds. In this review, we assess the potential environment impacts and biosecurity risks associated with each of the main options used for Disposal of livestock mortalities in the world and critically evaluate the justification for current EU regulations. Overall, we conclude that while current legislation intends to minimise the potential for on-farm pollution and the spread of infectious diseases (e.g. transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, bacterial pathogens), alternative technologies (e.g. bioreduction, anaerobic digestion) may provide a more cost-effective, practical and biosecure mechanism for Carcass Disposal as well as having a lower environmental footprint. Further social, environmental and economic research is therefore warranted to assess the holistic benefits of alternative approaches for Carcass Disposal in Europe, with an aim to provide policy-makers with robust knowledge to make informed decisions on future legislation.

Songbae Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biodegradation of dissolved organic matter derived from animal Carcass Disposal soils using soil inhabited bacteria
    Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jeongann Park, Jinkyu Kang, Jaehyun Kim, Songbae Kim
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to investigate the biodegradation of dissolved organic matter derived from animal Carcass Disposal soil using soil inhabited bacteria and to identify the bacteria involved in the biodegradation. The two soils were obtained from the animal Carcass burial sites located in Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The results indicated that during the biodegradation experiments (56 days), 48% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was mineralized within 13 days in soil-derived solution 1 (initial DOC = 19.88 mgC/L), and the DOC concentration at 56 days was 8.8 ± 0.4 mg C/L, indicating 56% mineralization of DOC. In soil-derived solution 2 (initial DOC = 19.80 mgC/L), DOC was mineralized drastically within 13 days, and the DOC concentration was decreased to 6.0 ± 0.4 mg C/L at 56 days (76% mineralization of DOC). Unlike DOC value, the specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) value, an indicator of proportion of aromatic structures in total organic carbon, tended to increase until 21 days and then decreased thereafter. The SUVA254 values in soil-derived solutions 1 and 2 were the highest at 21 days. The microbial analysis demonstrated that Pseudomonas fluorescens, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Nocardioides simplex, Pseudomonas mandelii, Bosea sp. were detected at 14 days of incubation, whereas Pseudomonas veronii appeared as a dominant species at 56 days.

  • characterization of water quality and bacteria of leachate from animal Carcass Disposal on the Disposal lapse time
    Economic and Environmental Geology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Nagchoul Choi, Jeongann Park, Songbae Kim, Bongju Kim, Eunju Choi, Cheonyoung Park
    Abstract:

    Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, KoreaIn this study, the physicochemical properties of leachate and the bacteria existence in leachate using molecularbiology methods for 4 animal Carcass Disposals on the Disposal lapse time was analyzed. The result of leachatephysicochemical analysis in the middle stage (been buried 20 months) showed higher EC, DO, HCO

  • analysis of microbial communities in animal Carcass Disposal soils
    Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jeongann Park, Nagchoul Choi, Songbae Kim
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial communities in animal Carcass Disposal soils to examine the possible threat of pathogens from leachate. DNA extraction was performed for the soils in three Carcass Disposal sites located in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and then 16S rRNA pyrosequencing was conducted to identify the microbial communities. Results indicate that, according to phylum classification, Proteobacteria (100%) was identified in soil A, Actinobacteria (66.4%) > Proteobacteria (31.1%) > Bacteriodetes (2.1%) > Acidobacteria (0.3%) in soil B, and Actinobacteria (63.1%) > Proteobacteria (36.9%) in soil C. According to genus classification, Pseudomonas was dominant in soil A (98%), Arthrobacter in soil B (68%) and C (61%). There were no detections of pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and Clostridium perfringens. However, high concentration of Ralstonia pickettii causing bacteremia was observed. Although Carcass Disposal soils examined in this study were not highly contaminated with pathogens, further monitoring is still needed to examine the potential threat of pathogens in leachate derived from Carcass Disposal sites.

  • characterization of water quality and the aerobic bacterial population in leachate derived from animal Carcass Disposal
    The Journal of Engineering Geology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Nagchoul Choi, Jeongann Park, Songbae Kim, Bongju Kim, Eunju Choi, Cheonyoung Park
    Abstract:

    Leakage of leachate from animal Carcass Disposal is a significant issue because disease can easily spread to humans and other livestock. In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties of leachate and tested for the presence of aerobic bacteria in leachate using molecular biology methods, for 16 animal Carcass Disposals in the first stage (after burial for 5 months). Leachate physicochemical analysis revealed higher total coliforms, TOC, , and concentrations compared with previously published data. In most leachate samples, the concentrations of and exceeded the Korean guideline values for drinking water. In 16S rRNA sequence analysis of the distribution of leachate under aerobic conditions, Bacillus pumilus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and B. sphaericus were observed with high frequency, whereas no food-poisoning-related bacteria such as B. cereus or Salmonella were detected. The present findings improve our knowledge of the transport of leachate from animal Carcass Disposal sites through geologic media, and are useful in risk analysis and for subsequent studies.

  • characterization of an animal Carcass Disposal site using electrical resistivity survey
    The journal of Engineering Geology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Bongju Kim, Jeongann Park, Nagchoul Choi, Songbae Kim, Cheonyoung Park
    Abstract:

    In this study, an electrical resistivity survey and a drilling investigation were conducted at an animal Carcass Disposal site. Chemical analysis of leachate collected from the site was also performed (sampling times: May 2011 and June 2012). Five lines of dipole-dipole electrical resistivity surveys were carried out, along with drilling investigations at 3 points within the Disposal areas and 11 points near the Disposal site. Two-dimensional inverse modeling of the collected resistivity data was performed to evaluate the properties (size, depth, and form) of the Disposal site. Leachate analysis showed that pH of leachate decreased from 7.4 to 6.7, while Eh changed from -358 mV to -48 mV over time. In addition, dissolved ions increased due to the progression of Carcass decomposition. Results of the electrical resistivity survey indicated that low resistivity zones (minimum value, ) existed at a depth of 8 m from the surface. Considering the bedrock location and Carcass Disposal depth, there was no evidence of bedrock contamination by leachate. The results of the electrical resistivity survey are consistent with those of the drilling investigation, which indicates that electrical resistivity effectively depicted the properties of the Disposal site. This study demonstrates that electrical resistivity survey is a suitable technique for investigation of animal Carcass Disposal sites.

Ceri L Gwyther - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The environmental and biosecurity characteristics of livestock Carcass Disposal methods: A review. Waste Manage
    2020
    Co-Authors: Ceri L Gwyther, Prysor A Williams, Peter N Golyshin, Gareth Edwards-jones, David L Jones
    Abstract:

    a b s t r a c t Livestock mortalities represent a major waste stream within agriculture. Many different methods are used throughout the world to dispose of these mortalities; however within the European Union (EU) Disposal options are limited by stringent legislation. The legal Disposal options currently available to EU farmers (primarily rendering and incineration) are frequently negatively perceived on both practical and economic grounds. In this review, we assess the potential environment impacts and biosecurity risks associated with each of the main options used for Disposal of livestock mortalities in the world and critically evaluate the justification for current EU regulations. Overall, we conclude that while current legislation intends to minimise the potential for on-farm pollution and the spread of infectious diseases (e.g. transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, bacterial pathogens), alternative technologies (e.g. bioreduction, anaerobic digestion) may provide a more cost-effective, practical and biosecure mechanism for Carcass Disposal as well as having a lower environmental footprint. Further social, environmental and economic research is therefore warranted to assess the holistic benefits of alternative approaches for Carcass Disposal in Europe, with an aim to provide policy-makers with robust knowledge to make informed decisions on future legislation

  • the environmental and biosecurity characteristics of livestock Carcass Disposal methods a review
    Waste Management, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ceri L Gwyther, Prysor A Williams, Peter N Golyshin, Gareth Edwardsjones, David L Jones
    Abstract:

    Livestock mortalities represent a major waste stream within agriculture. Many different methods are used throughout the world to dispose of these mortalities; however within the European Union (EU) Disposal options are limited by stringent legislation. The legal Disposal options currently available to EU farmers (primarily rendering and incineration) are frequently negatively perceived on both practical and economic grounds. In this review, we assess the potential environment impacts and biosecurity risks associated with each of the main options used for Disposal of livestock mortalities in the world and critically evaluate the justification for current EU regulations. Overall, we conclude that while current legislation intends to minimise the potential for on-farm pollution and the spread of infectious diseases (e.g. transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, bacterial pathogens), alternative technologies (e.g. bioreduction, anaerobic digestion) may provide a more cost-effective, practical and biosecure mechanism for Carcass Disposal as well as having a lower environmental footprint. Further social, environmental and economic research is therefore warranted to assess the holistic benefits of alternative approaches for Carcass Disposal in Europe, with an aim to provide policy-makers with robust knowledge to make informed decisions on future legislation.

Jeongann Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biodegradation of dissolved organic matter derived from animal Carcass Disposal soils using soil inhabited bacteria
    Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jeongann Park, Jinkyu Kang, Jaehyun Kim, Songbae Kim
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to investigate the biodegradation of dissolved organic matter derived from animal Carcass Disposal soil using soil inhabited bacteria and to identify the bacteria involved in the biodegradation. The two soils were obtained from the animal Carcass burial sites located in Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The results indicated that during the biodegradation experiments (56 days), 48% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was mineralized within 13 days in soil-derived solution 1 (initial DOC = 19.88 mgC/L), and the DOC concentration at 56 days was 8.8 ± 0.4 mg C/L, indicating 56% mineralization of DOC. In soil-derived solution 2 (initial DOC = 19.80 mgC/L), DOC was mineralized drastically within 13 days, and the DOC concentration was decreased to 6.0 ± 0.4 mg C/L at 56 days (76% mineralization of DOC). Unlike DOC value, the specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) value, an indicator of proportion of aromatic structures in total organic carbon, tended to increase until 21 days and then decreased thereafter. The SUVA254 values in soil-derived solutions 1 and 2 were the highest at 21 days. The microbial analysis demonstrated that Pseudomonas fluorescens, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Nocardioides simplex, Pseudomonas mandelii, Bosea sp. were detected at 14 days of incubation, whereas Pseudomonas veronii appeared as a dominant species at 56 days.

  • characterization of water quality and bacteria of leachate from animal Carcass Disposal on the Disposal lapse time
    Economic and Environmental Geology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Nagchoul Choi, Jeongann Park, Songbae Kim, Bongju Kim, Eunju Choi, Cheonyoung Park
    Abstract:

    Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, KoreaIn this study, the physicochemical properties of leachate and the bacteria existence in leachate using molecularbiology methods for 4 animal Carcass Disposals on the Disposal lapse time was analyzed. The result of leachatephysicochemical analysis in the middle stage (been buried 20 months) showed higher EC, DO, HCO

  • analysis of microbial communities in animal Carcass Disposal soils
    Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jeongann Park, Nagchoul Choi, Songbae Kim
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial communities in animal Carcass Disposal soils to examine the possible threat of pathogens from leachate. DNA extraction was performed for the soils in three Carcass Disposal sites located in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, and then 16S rRNA pyrosequencing was conducted to identify the microbial communities. Results indicate that, according to phylum classification, Proteobacteria (100%) was identified in soil A, Actinobacteria (66.4%) > Proteobacteria (31.1%) > Bacteriodetes (2.1%) > Acidobacteria (0.3%) in soil B, and Actinobacteria (63.1%) > Proteobacteria (36.9%) in soil C. According to genus classification, Pseudomonas was dominant in soil A (98%), Arthrobacter in soil B (68%) and C (61%). There were no detections of pathogens such as Salmonella, Campylobacter and Clostridium perfringens. However, high concentration of Ralstonia pickettii causing bacteremia was observed. Although Carcass Disposal soils examined in this study were not highly contaminated with pathogens, further monitoring is still needed to examine the potential threat of pathogens in leachate derived from Carcass Disposal sites.

  • characterization of water quality and the aerobic bacterial population in leachate derived from animal Carcass Disposal
    The Journal of Engineering Geology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Nagchoul Choi, Jeongann Park, Songbae Kim, Bongju Kim, Eunju Choi, Cheonyoung Park
    Abstract:

    Leakage of leachate from animal Carcass Disposal is a significant issue because disease can easily spread to humans and other livestock. In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties of leachate and tested for the presence of aerobic bacteria in leachate using molecular biology methods, for 16 animal Carcass Disposals in the first stage (after burial for 5 months). Leachate physicochemical analysis revealed higher total coliforms, TOC, , and concentrations compared with previously published data. In most leachate samples, the concentrations of and exceeded the Korean guideline values for drinking water. In 16S rRNA sequence analysis of the distribution of leachate under aerobic conditions, Bacillus pumilus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and B. sphaericus were observed with high frequency, whereas no food-poisoning-related bacteria such as B. cereus or Salmonella were detected. The present findings improve our knowledge of the transport of leachate from animal Carcass Disposal sites through geologic media, and are useful in risk analysis and for subsequent studies.

  • characterization of an animal Carcass Disposal site using electrical resistivity survey
    The journal of Engineering Geology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Bongju Kim, Jeongann Park, Nagchoul Choi, Songbae Kim, Cheonyoung Park
    Abstract:

    In this study, an electrical resistivity survey and a drilling investigation were conducted at an animal Carcass Disposal site. Chemical analysis of leachate collected from the site was also performed (sampling times: May 2011 and June 2012). Five lines of dipole-dipole electrical resistivity surveys were carried out, along with drilling investigations at 3 points within the Disposal areas and 11 points near the Disposal site. Two-dimensional inverse modeling of the collected resistivity data was performed to evaluate the properties (size, depth, and form) of the Disposal site. Leachate analysis showed that pH of leachate decreased from 7.4 to 6.7, while Eh changed from -358 mV to -48 mV over time. In addition, dissolved ions increased due to the progression of Carcass decomposition. Results of the electrical resistivity survey indicated that low resistivity zones (minimum value, ) existed at a depth of 8 m from the surface. Considering the bedrock location and Carcass Disposal depth, there was no evidence of bedrock contamination by leachate. The results of the electrical resistivity survey are consistent with those of the drilling investigation, which indicates that electrical resistivity effectively depicted the properties of the Disposal site. This study demonstrates that electrical resistivity survey is a suitable technique for investigation of animal Carcass Disposal sites.

Patricia Mateotomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • livestock prevalence in the egyptian vulture diet during european sanitary restrictions on Carcass Disposal
    Food Webs, 2020
    Co-Authors: Eugenia M Cabreragarcia, Pedro P Olea, Patricia Mateotomas
    Abstract:

    Abstract Food is a primary factor driving animal population dynamics. Low quality food (e.g. poisoned carrion) has caused large declines of Asian and African vulture populations pushing some species to the brink of extinction. Although Europe emerges as a stronghold for the guild, European vultures face potential food shortages due to sanitary restrictions banning the Disposal of livestock Carcasses in the field after the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). Determining the diet of European vultures and in particular the role livestock plays in it is needed for preserving these species and their scavenging role in food webs. We analysed the diet composition of 13 nests of the endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in a species stronghold in Europe (NW Spain), during the period of BSE restrictions (2007, 2009 and 2010). We identified 312 remains from 25 species, mainly mammals (70.8%), birds (17.0%) and fishes (7.7%). Livestock dominated the Egyptian vulture diet, comprising 23.9% of total items (11.8% of sheep-goat, 7.0% of bovine). Differences in diet composition among nests responded to habitat characteristics determining the availability of some food items (e.g. water for fishes). Our findings support a major role of livestock in the Egyptian vulture diet, suggesting a lack of compliance with sanitary restrictions banning the Disposal of livestock Carcasses in the field, with potential to affect vulture conservation and their scavenging function in ecosystems.