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Ying Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phase equilibria for the aqueous reciprocal quaternary system rb mg2 cl borate h2o at 348 k
    Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2014
    Co-Authors: Qinghong Yin, Qi Tan, Ying Zeng
    Abstract:

    Phase equilibria for the reciprocal quaternary system containing rubidium, magnesium, chloride, and borate in aqueous solution at 348 K was investigated by isothermal dissolution method. The compositions, densities, and refractive indices of the solution at equilibrium were measured experimentally. The space phase diagram, the planar projection diagram, the water content diagram, and the diagrams of the physicochemical properties (densities and refractive indices) vs composition were constructed using the measured data. Results indicate that the quaternary system is a complex type along with the double salt rubidium Carnallite (RbCl·MgCl2·6H2O) formed at 348 K. The planar projection diagram consists of three invariant points, seven univariant curves and five crystallization zones corresponding to four single salts rubidium pentaborate tetrahydrate (RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O), hungchaoite (MgB4O5(OH)4·7H2O), rubidium chloride(RbCl), bischofite(MgCl2·6H2O), and a double salt of rubidium Carnallite (RbCl·MgCl2·6H2O)....

  • solid liquid equilibrium in the aqueous system containing the chlorides of lithium rubidium and magnesium at 323k
    Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2014
    Co-Authors: Dongbo Jiang, Qi Tan, Ying Zeng
    Abstract:

    Abstract The densities, refractive indices and compositions of solutions of electrolyte mixtures in quaternary system LiCl + RbCl + MgCl 2  + H 2 O at 323 K were determined by isothermal evaporation method. The stereo phase diagram, the metastable phase diagram, the water content diagram, and the diagrams of the physicochemical properties depending on the composition were obtained using the measured data. The metastable phase diagram of this quaternary system contains three invariant points (H 1 , H 2 , and H 3 ), seven univariant curves, and five crystallization fields corresponding to single salts lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H 2 O), rubidium chloride (RbCl), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O), and two double salts: lithium Carnallite (LiCl·MgCl 2 ·7H 2 O) and rubidium Carnallite (RbCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O). The scope of areas of crystallization of salts is such that RbCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O > RbCl > LiCl·H 2 O > MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O > LiCl·MgCl 2 ·7H 2 O. The physicochemical properties of the solutions, at equilibrium, change regularly with the change of the concentration of MgCl 2 .

  • metastable equilibrium for the quaternary system containing with lithium potassium magnesium chloride in aqueous solution at 323k
    Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2014
    Co-Authors: Xudong Yu, Dongbo Jiang, Ying Zeng
    Abstract:

    The metastable equilibrium of the system contained with lithium, potassium, magnesium, and chloride in aqueous system was investigated at 323 K using an isothermal evaporation method. The isothermal experimental data and physicochemical properties, such as density and refractive index of the equilibrated solution, were determined. With the experimental results, the stereo phase diagram, the projected phase diagram, the water content diagram and the physicochemical properties versus composition diagrams were constructed. The projected phase diagram consists of three invariant points, seven univariant curves and five crystallization fields corresponding to single salts potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O), bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O) and two double salts lithium Carnallite (LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O) and potassium Carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O). Salt KCl has the largest crystallization region; it contains almost 95% of the general crystallization field.

  • metastable phase equilibria for the quaternary system containing potassium magnesium rubidium and chloride at 323 15 k
    Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2013
    Co-Authors: Dongbo Jiang, Ying Zeng
    Abstract:

    Abstract By employing the method of isothermal evaporation, the metastable phase equilibria of the quaternary systems KCl + RbCl + MgCl 2  + H 2 O were researched at 323.15 K. In this paper, the solubilities and physicochemical properties, such as refractive indices and densities of the equilibrated solution, were determined. Through analysis of the experiments data, the metastable phase diagram, the water content diagram and physicochemical properties versus composition diagrams of the quaternary system were plotted. The study results indicated that in the metastable phase diagram, there were four invariant points (H 1 , H 2 , H 3 , H 4 ), nine univariant curves, and six crystallization fields. And the six crystallization fields were magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O) and potassium chloride (KCl) and rubidium chloride (RbCl) and a rubidium and magnesium chloride double salt named Carnallite (RbCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O) and a potassium and magnesium chloride double salt named Carnallite (KCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O) and a solid solution of potassium and rubidium chloride [(K, Rb)Cl]. The solid solution [(K, Rb)Cl] had the largest crystallization field. This showed that only by using evaporation and crystallization methods at 323.15 K, was it difficult to separate potassium from rubidium in chloride solution. The physicochemical properties of the quaternary system change regularly with the changes of composition in aqueous solutions.

  • solubilities densities and refractive indices of the ternary systems kcl rbcl h2o and kcl mgcl2 h2o at 348 15 k
    Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ying Zeng, Qinghong Yin
    Abstract:

    The solubilities of electrolyte mixtures ternary systems KCl + RbCl + H2O and KCl + MgCl2 + H2O at 348.15 K were obtained by isothermal evaporation method. The corresponding physicochemical properties of the solution such as density and refractive index were also determined. The Scherinemakers’ wet residue method was used to determine the composition of the solid phase. The metastable phase diagram, density versus composition diagram, and refractive index versus composition diagram were constructed on the basis of the experimental data. Results showed that these two ternary systems were both complex type. The incommensurare double salt Carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O) was found in the KCl + MgCl2+ H2O system at 348.15 K. Comparisons between the metastable phase diagrams of KCl + MgCl2+ H2O system at (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15) K show that the crystallization zone of Carnallite decreases with the increase in temperature. The solid solution [(K,Rb)Cl] was formed in the KCl + RbCl + H2O system at 348.15 K. Compa...

Tianlong Deng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • solid liquid metastable equilibria of the reciprocal quaternary system licl mgcl2 li2so4 mgso4 h2o at 323 15 k
    Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011
    Co-Authors: Lingzong Meng, Tianlong Deng
    Abstract:

    Experimental studies on the metastable solubilities and the physicochemical properties (density, pH value, conductivity, and viscosity) of the aqueous reciprocal quaternary system (LiCl + MgCl2 + Li2SO4 + MgSO4 + H2O) at 323.15 K were determined with the isothermal evaporation method. According to the experimental results, the dry-salt phase diagram, water-phase diagram, and the physicochemical properties versus composition diagram were plotted. It was found that there are four invariant points, nine metastable solubility isotherm curves, and six metastable crystallization fields corresponding to lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O), bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O), starkeyite (MgSO4·4H2O), hexahydrite (MgSO4·6H2O), lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O), and the double salt lithium-Carnallite (LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O). No solid solution was found. On the basis of the extended Harvie–Weare (HW) model and its temperature-dependent equation, the values of the Pitzer parameters β(0), β(1), β(2), and Co for Li2SO4, MgCl...

  • metastable phase equilibrium in the aqueous quaternary system licl mgcl2 li2so4 mgso4 h2o at 308 15 k
    Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jie Gao, Tianlong Deng
    Abstract:

    Experimental studies on the metastable solubilities and the physicochemical properties including density, viscosity, refractive index, conductivity, pH value, and total dissolved salts (TDS) in the aqueous quaternary system (LiCl + MgCl2 + Li2SO4 + MgSO4+ H2O) at 308.15 K were determined with the isothermal evaporation method. According to the experimental results, the dry-salt phase diagram, water-phase diagram, and the physicochemical properties versus composition diagram were plotted. It was found that there are seven metastable crystallization fields corresponding to lithium sulfate monohydrate (Li2SO4·H2O, Ls), epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O, Ep), hexahydrite (MgSO4·6H2O, Hex), tetrahydrite (MgSO4·4H2O, Tet), bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O, Bis), lithium-Carnallite (LiCl·MgCl2·7H2O, Lic), and lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H2O, Lc), 11 univariant curves, and five three-salt cosaturated points of Ls + Ep + Hex, Ls + Hex + Tet, Ls + Tet + Bis, Ls + Bis + Lic, and Ls + Lic + Lc formed in the metastable quaternary sys...

Andrea Gutierrez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Industrial Carnallite-waste for thermochemical energy storage application
    Applied Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: V. Mamani, Andrea Gutierrez, Ana Inés Fernández, Svetlana Ushak
    Abstract:

    Abstract The key to successful development and implementation of thermochemical storage systems is the identification of high energy density and low-cost storage materials. In this work, an industrial waste based on a double salt hydrate, coming from non-metallic mining was studied for thermochemical storage applications. Initially, chemical characterization was performed and determined that Carnallite-waste material consists of 73.54 wt% of KCl·MgCl2·6H2O and impurities such as NaCl (23.04 wt%), KCl (1.76 wt%) and CaSO4 (1.66 wt%). Using thermal analyses methods, the operating conditions such as temperatures and partial pressures, were optimized for seasonal thermochemical storage applications to PHy = 1.3 kPa and ϑHy = 40 °C, and to PDe = 4.0 kPa and ϑDe = 110 °C. Under these conditions, the reaction reversibility over 10 cycles (10 years) was significantly high, with only 8.5% decrease in chemical reversibility. Furthermore, the duration of dehydration and hydration isotherms was optimized to 15 and 360 min, respectively. Finally, 1.129 GJ/m3 energy storage density was calculated after the tenth cycle of hydration/dehydration for this material. Hence 7.1 m3 of Carnallite was estimated to meet the demand of 8 GJ of energy for an average household during the six months of cold seasons. These results are comparable and competitive with an energy storage density of materials such as K2CO3 and MgCl2, reported as promising for seasonal thermochemical storage applications. It should be noted that Carnallite-waste material has no commercial value so far and its use contributes to developing sustainable low-cost thermochemical energy storage systems.

  • high Carnallite bearing material for thermochemical energy storage thermophysical characterization
    ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018
    Co-Authors: Andrea Gutierrez, Svetlana Ushak, Marc Linder
    Abstract:

    Thermochemical energy storage has a high material-related energy density and low energy losses over time compared to sensible and latent energy storage. Considering economic and ecological aspects, there is a great opportunity in using low cost or even waste materials from the mining industry, as thermochemical energy storage medium. In this study, a systematic analysis of a high Carnallite-bearing material, comparable to the natural waste, for thermochemical energy storage was performed. The material displays gradual decomposition and poor reversibility of hydration reaction at temperatures above 150 °C. However, the reversibility is significantly higher and the decomposition is slower between 100 and 150 °C under pH2O = 25 kPa. The reversible behavior of the hydration reaction of Carnallite, between 100 and 150 °C, is stable for 15 cycles when the material is exposed at 150 °C for short periods of time (t < 20 min). Following this path, any potential application of this material is definitely limited to...

  • High Carnallite-Bearing Material for Thermochemical Energy Storage: Thermophysical Characterization
    2018
    Co-Authors: Andrea Gutierrez, Svetlana Ushak, Marc Linder
    Abstract:

    Thermochemical energy storage has a high material-related energy density and low energy losses over time compared to sensible and latent energy storage. Considering economic and ecological aspects, there is a great opportunity in using low cost or even waste materials from the mining industry, as thermochemical energy storage medium. In this study, a systematic analysis of a high Carnallite-bearing material, comparable to the natural waste, for thermochemical energy storage was performed. The material displays gradual decomposition and poor reversibility of hydration reaction at temperatures above 150 °C. However, the reversibility is significantly higher and the decomposition is slower between 100 and 150 °C under pH2O = 25 kPa. The reversible behavior of the hydration reaction of Carnallite, between 100 and 150 °C, is stable for 15 cycles when the material is exposed at 150 °C for short periods of time (t < 20 min). Following this path, any potential application of this material is definitely limited to low temperature thermal storage or thermal upgrade. Taking the low material cost into account, one of the potential applications of this material could be in the context of long-term heat storage. For this purpose, the temperatures of dehydration can be below 150 °C and the temperatures of rehydration close to 40 °C

  • characterization of wastes based on inorganic double salt hydrates as potential thermal energy storage materials
    Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2017
    Co-Authors: Andrea Gutierrez, Svetlana Ushak, Veronica Mamani, Pedro Vargas, Camila Barreneche, Luisa F Cabeza, Mario Grageda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermal energy storage (TES) is seen today as a key technology to reduce the existing gap between energy demand and energy supply in many energy systems. There are, currently, three well known methods to store thermal energy and they are: sensible heat storage (SHS), latent heat storage (LHT) and thermochemical heat storage. Every method has its own thermophysical requirements for the mediums of storage, such as thermal stability, high enthalpy of phase change or reaction, high heat capacity and suitable temperature of the thermal phenomenon for a respective application, among others. In this regard, the composition of materials usually needs to be modified in order to improve their performance or to reach a determined requirement. As a consequence, the costs of potential TES materials to be applied in renewable energy systems are too high to compete with traditional systems using fossil fuels. On the other hand, several wastes and by-products from the non-metallic mining, such as salt hydrates and double salts, are available without any application but accumulating in the mining sites. This is the case for astrakanite (Na 2 SO 4 ·MgSO 4 ·4H 2 O) and lithium Carnallite (LiCl·MgCl 2 ·7H 2 O) with no current application, and potassium Carnallite (KCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O) used as a supplementary raw material to obtain KCl. Since the costs of these materials are close to zero, they were characterized as TES materials taking into account the properties required for the three methods of storage. Results showed that astrakanite and potassium Carnallite have potential to be applied as thermochemical material at low-medium temperature (

Svetlana Ushak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Industrial Carnallite-waste for thermochemical energy storage application
    Applied Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: V. Mamani, Andrea Gutierrez, Ana Inés Fernández, Svetlana Ushak
    Abstract:

    Abstract The key to successful development and implementation of thermochemical storage systems is the identification of high energy density and low-cost storage materials. In this work, an industrial waste based on a double salt hydrate, coming from non-metallic mining was studied for thermochemical storage applications. Initially, chemical characterization was performed and determined that Carnallite-waste material consists of 73.54 wt% of KCl·MgCl2·6H2O and impurities such as NaCl (23.04 wt%), KCl (1.76 wt%) and CaSO4 (1.66 wt%). Using thermal analyses methods, the operating conditions such as temperatures and partial pressures, were optimized for seasonal thermochemical storage applications to PHy = 1.3 kPa and ϑHy = 40 °C, and to PDe = 4.0 kPa and ϑDe = 110 °C. Under these conditions, the reaction reversibility over 10 cycles (10 years) was significantly high, with only 8.5% decrease in chemical reversibility. Furthermore, the duration of dehydration and hydration isotherms was optimized to 15 and 360 min, respectively. Finally, 1.129 GJ/m3 energy storage density was calculated after the tenth cycle of hydration/dehydration for this material. Hence 7.1 m3 of Carnallite was estimated to meet the demand of 8 GJ of energy for an average household during the six months of cold seasons. These results are comparable and competitive with an energy storage density of materials such as K2CO3 and MgCl2, reported as promising for seasonal thermochemical storage applications. It should be noted that Carnallite-waste material has no commercial value so far and its use contributes to developing sustainable low-cost thermochemical energy storage systems.

  • high Carnallite bearing material for thermochemical energy storage thermophysical characterization
    ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2018
    Co-Authors: Andrea Gutierrez, Svetlana Ushak, Marc Linder
    Abstract:

    Thermochemical energy storage has a high material-related energy density and low energy losses over time compared to sensible and latent energy storage. Considering economic and ecological aspects, there is a great opportunity in using low cost or even waste materials from the mining industry, as thermochemical energy storage medium. In this study, a systematic analysis of a high Carnallite-bearing material, comparable to the natural waste, for thermochemical energy storage was performed. The material displays gradual decomposition and poor reversibility of hydration reaction at temperatures above 150 °C. However, the reversibility is significantly higher and the decomposition is slower between 100 and 150 °C under pH2O = 25 kPa. The reversible behavior of the hydration reaction of Carnallite, between 100 and 150 °C, is stable for 15 cycles when the material is exposed at 150 °C for short periods of time (t < 20 min). Following this path, any potential application of this material is definitely limited to...

  • High Carnallite-Bearing Material for Thermochemical Energy Storage: Thermophysical Characterization
    2018
    Co-Authors: Andrea Gutierrez, Svetlana Ushak, Marc Linder
    Abstract:

    Thermochemical energy storage has a high material-related energy density and low energy losses over time compared to sensible and latent energy storage. Considering economic and ecological aspects, there is a great opportunity in using low cost or even waste materials from the mining industry, as thermochemical energy storage medium. In this study, a systematic analysis of a high Carnallite-bearing material, comparable to the natural waste, for thermochemical energy storage was performed. The material displays gradual decomposition and poor reversibility of hydration reaction at temperatures above 150 °C. However, the reversibility is significantly higher and the decomposition is slower between 100 and 150 °C under pH2O = 25 kPa. The reversible behavior of the hydration reaction of Carnallite, between 100 and 150 °C, is stable for 15 cycles when the material is exposed at 150 °C for short periods of time (t < 20 min). Following this path, any potential application of this material is definitely limited to low temperature thermal storage or thermal upgrade. Taking the low material cost into account, one of the potential applications of this material could be in the context of long-term heat storage. For this purpose, the temperatures of dehydration can be below 150 °C and the temperatures of rehydration close to 40 °C

  • characterization of wastes based on inorganic double salt hydrates as potential thermal energy storage materials
    Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2017
    Co-Authors: Andrea Gutierrez, Svetlana Ushak, Veronica Mamani, Pedro Vargas, Camila Barreneche, Luisa F Cabeza, Mario Grageda
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermal energy storage (TES) is seen today as a key technology to reduce the existing gap between energy demand and energy supply in many energy systems. There are, currently, three well known methods to store thermal energy and they are: sensible heat storage (SHS), latent heat storage (LHT) and thermochemical heat storage. Every method has its own thermophysical requirements for the mediums of storage, such as thermal stability, high enthalpy of phase change or reaction, high heat capacity and suitable temperature of the thermal phenomenon for a respective application, among others. In this regard, the composition of materials usually needs to be modified in order to improve their performance or to reach a determined requirement. As a consequence, the costs of potential TES materials to be applied in renewable energy systems are too high to compete with traditional systems using fossil fuels. On the other hand, several wastes and by-products from the non-metallic mining, such as salt hydrates and double salts, are available without any application but accumulating in the mining sites. This is the case for astrakanite (Na 2 SO 4 ·MgSO 4 ·4H 2 O) and lithium Carnallite (LiCl·MgCl 2 ·7H 2 O) with no current application, and potassium Carnallite (KCl·MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O) used as a supplementary raw material to obtain KCl. Since the costs of these materials are close to zero, they were characterized as TES materials taking into account the properties required for the three methods of storage. Results showed that astrakanite and potassium Carnallite have potential to be applied as thermochemical material at low-medium temperature (

Qinghong Yin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phase equilibria for the aqueous reciprocal quaternary system rb mg2 cl borate h2o at 348 k
    Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2014
    Co-Authors: Qinghong Yin, Qi Tan, Ying Zeng
    Abstract:

    Phase equilibria for the reciprocal quaternary system containing rubidium, magnesium, chloride, and borate in aqueous solution at 348 K was investigated by isothermal dissolution method. The compositions, densities, and refractive indices of the solution at equilibrium were measured experimentally. The space phase diagram, the planar projection diagram, the water content diagram, and the diagrams of the physicochemical properties (densities and refractive indices) vs composition were constructed using the measured data. Results indicate that the quaternary system is a complex type along with the double salt rubidium Carnallite (RbCl·MgCl2·6H2O) formed at 348 K. The planar projection diagram consists of three invariant points, seven univariant curves and five crystallization zones corresponding to four single salts rubidium pentaborate tetrahydrate (RbB5O6(OH)4·2H2O), hungchaoite (MgB4O5(OH)4·7H2O), rubidium chloride(RbCl), bischofite(MgCl2·6H2O), and a double salt of rubidium Carnallite (RbCl·MgCl2·6H2O)....

  • solubilities densities and refractive indices of the ternary systems kcl rbcl h2o and kcl mgcl2 h2o at 348 15 k
    Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ying Zeng, Qinghong Yin
    Abstract:

    The solubilities of electrolyte mixtures ternary systems KCl + RbCl + H2O and KCl + MgCl2 + H2O at 348.15 K were obtained by isothermal evaporation method. The corresponding physicochemical properties of the solution such as density and refractive index were also determined. The Scherinemakers’ wet residue method was used to determine the composition of the solid phase. The metastable phase diagram, density versus composition diagram, and refractive index versus composition diagram were constructed on the basis of the experimental data. Results showed that these two ternary systems were both complex type. The incommensurare double salt Carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O) was found in the KCl + MgCl2+ H2O system at 348.15 K. Comparisons between the metastable phase diagrams of KCl + MgCl2+ H2O system at (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15) K show that the crystallization zone of Carnallite decreases with the increase in temperature. The solid solution [(K,Rb)Cl] was formed in the KCl + RbCl + H2O system at 348.15 K. Compa...