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Henriette M.c. Azeredo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arrowroot Starch-Based Films Incorporated With a Carnauba Wax Nanoemulsion, Cellulose Nanocrystals, and Essential Oils: a New Functional Material for Food Packaging Applications
2021Co-Authors: Josemar Gonçalves De Oliveira Filho, Carmen Cris De Oliveira Nobre Bezerra, Beatriz Regina Albiero, Fernanda Campos Alencar Oldoni, Mariana Buranelo Egea, Henriette M.c. Azeredo, Lavínia Cipriano, Marcos David FerreiraAbstract:Abstract Arrowroot starch (AA)-based films incorporated with a Carnauba Wax nanoemulsion (CWN), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and essential oils (EOs) from Mentha spicata (MEO) and Cymbopogon martinii (CEO) were produced using the casting technique and then characterized in terms of their water barrier, tensile, thermal, optical, and microstructural properties and in vitro antifungal activity against Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. Whereas the incorporation of CNCs decreased the moisture content and water vapor permeability of the AA/CWN/CNC film, the additional incorporation of either EO decreased the transparency and affected the microstructure of the AA/CWN/CNC/EO nanocomposites. MEO and CEO incorporation improved the thermal stability of the films and provided excellent protection against fruit-spoiling fungi. Because of their excellent barrier properties against fungal growth, water vapor permeability, and ultraviolet and visible light, these AA/CWN/CNC/EO films have promising potential for application as active food packaging or coating materials.
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New approach in the development of edible films: The use of Carnauba Wax micro- or nanoemulsions in arrowroot starch-based films
2020Co-Authors: Josemar Gonçalves De Oliveira Filho, Carmen Cris De Oliveira Nobre Bezerra, Beatriz Regina Albiero, Fernanda Campos Alencar Oldoni, Marcela Miranda, Mariana Buranelo Egea, Henriette M.c. Azeredo, Marcos David FerreiraAbstract:Abstract Starch-based films can have their poor technological properties improved by lipid supplementation using emulsification step as strategy. Our aim was to evaluate the incorporation of Carnauba Wax (0−15 wt%) using emulsion technology micro-(ME) and nanoemulsion (NE) in the characteristics (physical, technological, and optical) of arrowroot starch films. The presence of Carnauba Wax in the films increased their hydrophobic characteristics, reducing water solubility, moisture, water vapor permeability, and thermal stability, as well as improved the light barrier properties. The films with NE presented lower water vapor permeability and light barrier properties, as well as a better tensile strength and smoother microstructure than the films performed with ME. The addition of either ME or NE enhanced the barrier properties and elongation of films, which results in films that may be used as environmentally friendly food packaging materials. In addition, nanoemulsification seems to be a good strategy for incorporating hydrophilic compounds in starch-based films.
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physical properties of cassava starch Carnauba Wax emulsion films as affected by component proportions
2014Co-Authors: Talita M Santos, Carlos Alberto Caceres, Halisson L Ribeiro, Alaides M B Pinto, Ana Vitoria De Oliveira, Edson N Ito, Henriette M.c. AzeredoAbstract:Summary Properties of glycerol-plasticised cassava starch–Carnauba Wax emulsion films were studied as functions of Carnauba Wax/starch (CW/S) ratios. Increases in CW concentrations improved elongation, but impaired tensile strength and elastic modulus, suggesting a plasticising effect by CW and/or the emulsifier. CW reduced water solubility of the films and decreased their water vapour permeability (WVP) up to CW/S ratios of 0.15–0.20, probably because of the decreased water solubility. Higher CW concentrations resulted in increased WVP, possibly due to starch matrix loosening. The opacity imparted by high CW concentrations in films could compromise some applications. The Tg of starch and the expected CW effects on it were not evidenced by DSC thermograms, but CW seems to have affected starch crystallisation, maybe by forming complexes with amylose and/or amylopectin.
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influence of cassava starch and Carnauba Wax on physical properties of cashew tree gum based films
2014Co-Authors: Delane C Rodrigues, Carlos Alberto Caceres, Halisson L Ribeiro, Rosa Ferreira Araujo De Abreu, Arcelina Pacheco Cunha, Henriette M.c. AzeredoAbstract:Composite cast films were prepared from different proportions of cashew tree gum (70–85%), cassava starch (15–30%), and Carnauba Wax (0–15%), according to a simplex-centroid mixture design, and some physical properties were modeled as functions of the mixture components. Water vapor permeability and water solubility were decreased by Carnauba Wax, indicating that the presence of Carnauba Wax may be interesting for applications which require good water barrier and resistance. On the other hand, Carnauba Wax presented plasticizing effect on the composite films, lowering glass transition temperature, and decreasing film strength and stiffness while enhancing elongation. The film opacity was increased as a function of Carnauba Wax concentrations, which may impair the applicability of emulsion films when a high transparency is required. The relative proportions of cassava starch and cashew tree gum did not present significant effects on the physical properties of the resulting films within the ranges studied, probably because both components are polysaccharides with some similar properties when forming films.
C C Mullergoymann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in vitro erythemal uv a protection factors of inorganic sunscreens distributed in aqueous media using Carnauba Wax decyl oleate nanoparticles
2007Co-Authors: J R Villaloboshernandez, C C MullergoymannAbstract:This paper describes the in vitro photoprotection in the UV-A range, i.e. 320-400 nm obtained by the use of Carnauba Wax-decyl oleate nanoparticles either as encapsulation systems or as accompanying vehicles for inorganic sunscreens such as barium sulfate, strontium carbonate and titanium dioxide. Lipid-free inorganic sunscreen nanosuspensions, inorganic sunscreen-free Wax-oil nanoparticle suspensions and Wax-oil nanoparticle suspensions containing inorganic sunscreens dispersed either in their oil phase or their aqueous phase were prepared by high pressure homogenization. The in vitro erythemal UV-A protection factors (EUV-A PFs) of the nanosuspensions were calculated by means of a sun protection analyzer. EUV-A PFs being no higher than 4 were obtained by the encapsulation of barium sulfate and strontium carbonate, meanwhile by the distribution of titanium dioxide in presence of Wax-oil nanoparticles, the EUV-A PFs varied between 2 and 19. The increase in the EUV-A PFs of the titanium dioxide obtained by the use of Wax-oil nanoparticles demonstrated a better performance of the sun protection properties of this pigment in the UV-A region.
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sun protection enhancement of titanium dioxide crystals by the use of Carnauba Wax nanoparticles the synergistic interaction between organic and inorganic sunscreens at nanoscale
2006Co-Authors: J R Villaloboshernandez, C C MullergoymannAbstract:Carnauba Wax is partially composed of cinnamates. The rational combination of cinnamates and titanium dioxide has shown a synergistic effect to improve the sun protection factor (SPF) of cosmetic preparations. However, the mechanism of this interaction has not been fully understood. In this study, an ethanolic extract of the Carnauba Wax and an ethanolic solution of a typical cinnamate derivative, ethylcinnamate, were prepared and their UV absorption and SPF either alone or in the presence of titanium dioxide were compared. The titanium dioxide crystals and the cinnamates solutions were also distributed into a matrix composed of saturated fatty acids to emulate the structure of the crystallized Carnauba Wax. SPF, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray studies of these matrices were performed. Additionally, Carnauba Wax nanosuspensions containing titanium dioxide either in the lipid phase or in the aqueous phase were prepared to evaluate their SPFs and their physical structure. Strong UV absorption was observed in diluted suspensions of titanium dioxide after the addition of cinnamates. The saturated fatty acid matrices probably favored the adsorption of the cinnamates at the surface of titanium dioxide crystals, which was reflected by an increase in the SPF. No modification of the crystal structure of the fatty acid matrices was observed after the addition of cinnamates or titanium dioxide. The distribution of the titanium dioxide inside the lipid phase of the nanosuspensions was more effective to reach higher SPFs than that at the aqueous phase. The close contact between the Carnauba Wax and the titanium dioxide crystals after the high-pressure homogenization process was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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physical stability centrifugation tests and entrapment efficiency studies of Carnauba Wax decyl oleate nanoparticles used for the dispersion of inorganic sunscreens in aqueous media
2006Co-Authors: J R Villaloboshernandez, C C MullergoymannAbstract:Aqueous nanoscale lipid dispersions consisting of Carnauba Wax-decyl oleate mixtures acting as carriers or accompanying vehicles for inorganic sunscreens such as barium sulfate, strontium carbonate, and titanium dioxide were prepared by high pressure homogenization. For the manufacture of these nanosuspensions, three pigment concentrations (%wt), namely 2, 4, and 6, and two Carnauba Wax-decyl oleate ratios, 1:1 and 2:1, were used, being some of these combinations chosen for stability studies. Six-month physical stability tests at 4, 20, and 40 degrees C selecting the mean particle size and the polydispersity index of the nanosuspensions as reference parameters were performed. Centrifugation tests of the nanosuspensions assessed by transmission electron microscopy and by the determination of the content of pigments and Carnauba Wax in the separated fractions were done. The mean particle sizes and the polydispersity indices of the nanosuspensions were not altered after six-month storages at 20 and at 40 degrees C. However, the storage of those at 4 degrees C considerably increased the particle size and polydispersity of the systems, particularly when Wax-oil ratios (2:1) were used for the entrapment of the pigments. Transmission electron micrographs of centrifuged samples denoted the presence of three major fractions showing the different types of particles integrated into the nanosuspensions. Furthermore, it was observed that not all the Carnauba Wax participated in the entrapment of the pigment. Regarding the amount of pigment being encapsulated or bonded by the Wax-oil matrices, entrapment efficiencies higher than 85.52% were reported.
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novel nanoparticulate carrier system based on Carnauba Wax and decyl oleate for the dispersion of inorganic sunscreens in aqueous media
2005Co-Authors: J R Villaloboshernandez, C C MullergoymannAbstract:The purpose of this study was to characterize carrier systems for inorganic sunscreens based on a matrix composed of Carnauba Wax and decyl oleate. Ultraviolet radiation attenuators like barium sulfate, strontium carbonate and titanium dioxide were tested. The lipid matrices were used either as capsules or as accompanying vehicles for the pigments in aqueous dispersions. Manufacturing was performed using high pressure homogenization at 300bar and a temperature of 75 degrees C. To evaluate the effect of the pigments on the crystalline structure of the Wax-oil mixture, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were used. Further parameters determined were particle size, polydispersity index, z-potential, viscosity and sun protection factor (SPF). Transmission electron microscopy was also applied for visualization of nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction patterns and the melting points of the lipid mixtures remained unchanged after the pigments were added. The particle sizes of the encapsulated species ranged from 239 to 749.9nm showing polydispersity values between 0.100 and 0.425. Surface charge measurements comprising values up to -40.8mV denoted the presence of stable dispersions. The formulations could be described as ideal viscous presenting viscosities in a range of 1.40-20.5mPas. Significant increases in SPF up to about 50 were reported after the encapsulation of titanium dioxide. Freeze fracture micrographs confirmed the presence of encapsulated inorganic crystals.
Mansoor Ahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lipids bearing extruded-spheronized pellets for extended release of poorly soluble antiemetic agent—Meclizine HCl
2017Co-Authors: Faaiza Qazi, Muhammad Harris Shoaib, Rabia Ismail Yousuf, Muhammad Iqbal Nasiri, Kamran Ahmed, Mansoor AhmadAbstract:Background Antiemetic agent Meclizine HCl, widely prescribed in vertigo, is available only in immediate release dosage forms. The approved therapeutic dose and shorter elimination half-life make Meclizine HCl a potential candidate to be formulated in extended release dosage form. This study was aimed to develop extended release Meclizine HCl pellets by extrusion spheronization using natural and synthetic lipids. Influence of lipid type, drug/lipid ratio and combinations of different lipids on drug release and sphericity of pellets were evaluated. Methods Thirty two formulations were prepared with four different lipids, Glyceryl monostearate (Geleol^®), Glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol^®), Glyceryl behenate (Compritol^®) and Carnauba Wax, utilized either alone or in combinations of drug/lipid ratio of 1:0.5–1:3. Dissolution studies were performed at variable pH and release kinetics were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted and no drug lipid interaction was found. Results Sphericity indicated by shape factor (e_R) varied with type and concentration of lipids: Geleol^® (e_R = 0.891–0.997), Precirol^® (e_R = 0.611–0.743), Compritol^® (e_R = 0.665–0.729) and Carnauba Wax (e_R = 0.499-0.551). Highly spherical pellets were obtained with Geleol^® (Aspect ratio = 1.005–1.052) whereas irregularly shaped pellets were formed using Carnauba Wax (Aspect ratio = 1.153–1.309). Drug release was effectively controlled by three different combinations of lipids: (i) Geleol^® and Compritol^®, (ii) Geleol^® and Carnauba Wax and (iii) Geleol^®, Compritol^® and Carnauba Wax. Scanning electron microscopy of Compritol^® pellets showed smooth surface with pores, whereas, irregular rough surface with hollow depressions was observed in Carnauba Wax pellets. Energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated elemental composition of lipid matrix pellets. Kinetics of (i) Geleol^® and Compritol^® pellets, explained by Korsmeyer-Peppas (R^2 = 0.978–0.993) indicated non-Fickian diffusion ( n = 0.519-0.597). Combinations of (ii) Geleol^® and Carnauba Wax and (iii) Geleol^®, Compritol^® and Carnauba Wax pellets followed Zero-order (R^2 = 0.991–0.995). Similarity test was performed using combination of Geleol^® and Compritol^® (i) as a reference. Conclusions Matrices for the extended release of Meclizine HCl from extruded-spheronized pellets were successfully formed by using three lipids (Geleol^®, Compritol^® and Carnauba Wax) in different combinations. The encapsulated pellets of Meclizine HCl can be effectively used for treatment of motion sickness, nausea and vertigo for extended period of time.
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Lipids bearing extruded-spheronized pellets for extended release of poorly soluble antiemetic agent-Meclizine HCl.
2017Co-Authors: Faaiza Qazi, Muhammad Harris Shoaib, Rabia Ismail Yousuf, Muhammad Iqbal Nasiri, Kamran Ahmed, Mansoor AhmadAbstract:Antiemetic agent Meclizine HCl, widely prescribed in vertigo, is available only in immediate release dosage forms. The approved therapeutic dose and shorter elimination half-life make Meclizine HCl a potential candidate to be formulated in extended release dosage form. This study was aimed to develop extended release Meclizine HCl pellets by extrusion spheronization using natural and synthetic lipids. Influence of lipid type, drug/lipid ratio and combinations of different lipids on drug release and sphericity of pellets were evaluated. Thirty two formulations were prepared with four different lipids, Glyceryl monostearate (Geleol®), Glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol®), Glyceryl behenate (Compritol®) and Carnauba Wax, utilized either alone or in combinations of drug/lipid ratio of 1:0.5–1:3. Dissolution studies were performed at variable pH and release kinetics were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was conducted and no drug lipid interaction was found. Sphericity indicated by shape factor (eR) varied with type and concentration of lipids: Geleol® (eR = 0.891–0.997), Precirol® (eR = 0.611–0.743), Compritol® (eR = 0.665–0.729) and Carnauba Wax (eR = 0.499-0.551). Highly spherical pellets were obtained with Geleol® (Aspect ratio = 1.005–1.052) whereas irregularly shaped pellets were formed using Carnauba Wax (Aspect ratio = 1.153–1.309). Drug release was effectively controlled by three different combinations of lipids: (i) Geleol® and Compritol®, (ii) Geleol® and Carnauba Wax and (iii) Geleol®, Compritol® and Carnauba Wax. Scanning electron microscopy of Compritol® pellets showed smooth surface with pores, whereas, irregular rough surface with hollow depressions was observed in Carnauba Wax pellets. Energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated elemental composition of lipid matrix pellets. Kinetics of (i) Geleol® and Compritol® pellets, explained by Korsmeyer-Peppas (R2 = 0.978–0.993) indicated non-Fickian diffusion (n = 0.519-0.597). Combinations of (ii) Geleol® and Carnauba Wax and (iii) Geleol®, Compritol® and Carnauba Wax pellets followed Zero-order (R2 = 0.991–0.995). Similarity test was performed using combination of Geleol® and Compritol® (i) as a reference. Matrices for the extended release of Meclizine HCl from extruded-spheronized pellets were successfully formed by using three lipids (Geleol®, Compritol® and Carnauba Wax) in different combinations. The encapsulated pellets of Meclizine HCl can be effectively used for treatment of motion sickness, nausea and vertigo for extended period of time.
J R Villaloboshernandez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in vitro erythemal uv a protection factors of inorganic sunscreens distributed in aqueous media using Carnauba Wax decyl oleate nanoparticles
2007Co-Authors: J R Villaloboshernandez, C C MullergoymannAbstract:This paper describes the in vitro photoprotection in the UV-A range, i.e. 320-400 nm obtained by the use of Carnauba Wax-decyl oleate nanoparticles either as encapsulation systems or as accompanying vehicles for inorganic sunscreens such as barium sulfate, strontium carbonate and titanium dioxide. Lipid-free inorganic sunscreen nanosuspensions, inorganic sunscreen-free Wax-oil nanoparticle suspensions and Wax-oil nanoparticle suspensions containing inorganic sunscreens dispersed either in their oil phase or their aqueous phase were prepared by high pressure homogenization. The in vitro erythemal UV-A protection factors (EUV-A PFs) of the nanosuspensions were calculated by means of a sun protection analyzer. EUV-A PFs being no higher than 4 were obtained by the encapsulation of barium sulfate and strontium carbonate, meanwhile by the distribution of titanium dioxide in presence of Wax-oil nanoparticles, the EUV-A PFs varied between 2 and 19. The increase in the EUV-A PFs of the titanium dioxide obtained by the use of Wax-oil nanoparticles demonstrated a better performance of the sun protection properties of this pigment in the UV-A region.
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sun protection enhancement of titanium dioxide crystals by the use of Carnauba Wax nanoparticles the synergistic interaction between organic and inorganic sunscreens at nanoscale
2006Co-Authors: J R Villaloboshernandez, C C MullergoymannAbstract:Carnauba Wax is partially composed of cinnamates. The rational combination of cinnamates and titanium dioxide has shown a synergistic effect to improve the sun protection factor (SPF) of cosmetic preparations. However, the mechanism of this interaction has not been fully understood. In this study, an ethanolic extract of the Carnauba Wax and an ethanolic solution of a typical cinnamate derivative, ethylcinnamate, were prepared and their UV absorption and SPF either alone or in the presence of titanium dioxide were compared. The titanium dioxide crystals and the cinnamates solutions were also distributed into a matrix composed of saturated fatty acids to emulate the structure of the crystallized Carnauba Wax. SPF, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray studies of these matrices were performed. Additionally, Carnauba Wax nanosuspensions containing titanium dioxide either in the lipid phase or in the aqueous phase were prepared to evaluate their SPFs and their physical structure. Strong UV absorption was observed in diluted suspensions of titanium dioxide after the addition of cinnamates. The saturated fatty acid matrices probably favored the adsorption of the cinnamates at the surface of titanium dioxide crystals, which was reflected by an increase in the SPF. No modification of the crystal structure of the fatty acid matrices was observed after the addition of cinnamates or titanium dioxide. The distribution of the titanium dioxide inside the lipid phase of the nanosuspensions was more effective to reach higher SPFs than that at the aqueous phase. The close contact between the Carnauba Wax and the titanium dioxide crystals after the high-pressure homogenization process was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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physical stability centrifugation tests and entrapment efficiency studies of Carnauba Wax decyl oleate nanoparticles used for the dispersion of inorganic sunscreens in aqueous media
2006Co-Authors: J R Villaloboshernandez, C C MullergoymannAbstract:Aqueous nanoscale lipid dispersions consisting of Carnauba Wax-decyl oleate mixtures acting as carriers or accompanying vehicles for inorganic sunscreens such as barium sulfate, strontium carbonate, and titanium dioxide were prepared by high pressure homogenization. For the manufacture of these nanosuspensions, three pigment concentrations (%wt), namely 2, 4, and 6, and two Carnauba Wax-decyl oleate ratios, 1:1 and 2:1, were used, being some of these combinations chosen for stability studies. Six-month physical stability tests at 4, 20, and 40 degrees C selecting the mean particle size and the polydispersity index of the nanosuspensions as reference parameters were performed. Centrifugation tests of the nanosuspensions assessed by transmission electron microscopy and by the determination of the content of pigments and Carnauba Wax in the separated fractions were done. The mean particle sizes and the polydispersity indices of the nanosuspensions were not altered after six-month storages at 20 and at 40 degrees C. However, the storage of those at 4 degrees C considerably increased the particle size and polydispersity of the systems, particularly when Wax-oil ratios (2:1) were used for the entrapment of the pigments. Transmission electron micrographs of centrifuged samples denoted the presence of three major fractions showing the different types of particles integrated into the nanosuspensions. Furthermore, it was observed that not all the Carnauba Wax participated in the entrapment of the pigment. Regarding the amount of pigment being encapsulated or bonded by the Wax-oil matrices, entrapment efficiencies higher than 85.52% were reported.
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novel nanoparticulate carrier system based on Carnauba Wax and decyl oleate for the dispersion of inorganic sunscreens in aqueous media
2005Co-Authors: J R Villaloboshernandez, C C MullergoymannAbstract:The purpose of this study was to characterize carrier systems for inorganic sunscreens based on a matrix composed of Carnauba Wax and decyl oleate. Ultraviolet radiation attenuators like barium sulfate, strontium carbonate and titanium dioxide were tested. The lipid matrices were used either as capsules or as accompanying vehicles for the pigments in aqueous dispersions. Manufacturing was performed using high pressure homogenization at 300bar and a temperature of 75 degrees C. To evaluate the effect of the pigments on the crystalline structure of the Wax-oil mixture, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were used. Further parameters determined were particle size, polydispersity index, z-potential, viscosity and sun protection factor (SPF). Transmission electron microscopy was also applied for visualization of nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction patterns and the melting points of the lipid mixtures remained unchanged after the pigments were added. The particle sizes of the encapsulated species ranged from 239 to 749.9nm showing polydispersity values between 0.100 and 0.425. Surface charge measurements comprising values up to -40.8mV denoted the presence of stable dispersions. The formulations could be described as ideal viscous presenting viscosities in a range of 1.40-20.5mPas. Significant increases in SPF up to about 50 were reported after the encapsulation of titanium dioxide. Freeze fracture micrographs confirmed the presence of encapsulated inorganic crystals.
Marcos David Ferreira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arrowroot Starch-Based Films Incorporated With a Carnauba Wax Nanoemulsion, Cellulose Nanocrystals, and Essential Oils: a New Functional Material for Food Packaging Applications
2021Co-Authors: Josemar Gonçalves De Oliveira Filho, Carmen Cris De Oliveira Nobre Bezerra, Beatriz Regina Albiero, Fernanda Campos Alencar Oldoni, Mariana Buranelo Egea, Henriette M.c. Azeredo, Lavínia Cipriano, Marcos David FerreiraAbstract:Abstract Arrowroot starch (AA)-based films incorporated with a Carnauba Wax nanoemulsion (CWN), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), and essential oils (EOs) from Mentha spicata (MEO) and Cymbopogon martinii (CEO) were produced using the casting technique and then characterized in terms of their water barrier, tensile, thermal, optical, and microstructural properties and in vitro antifungal activity against Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. Whereas the incorporation of CNCs decreased the moisture content and water vapor permeability of the AA/CWN/CNC film, the additional incorporation of either EO decreased the transparency and affected the microstructure of the AA/CWN/CNC/EO nanocomposites. MEO and CEO incorporation improved the thermal stability of the films and provided excellent protection against fruit-spoiling fungi. Because of their excellent barrier properties against fungal growth, water vapor permeability, and ultraviolet and visible light, these AA/CWN/CNC/EO films have promising potential for application as active food packaging or coating materials.
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New approach in the development of edible films: The use of Carnauba Wax micro- or nanoemulsions in arrowroot starch-based films
2020Co-Authors: Josemar Gonçalves De Oliveira Filho, Carmen Cris De Oliveira Nobre Bezerra, Beatriz Regina Albiero, Fernanda Campos Alencar Oldoni, Marcela Miranda, Mariana Buranelo Egea, Henriette M.c. Azeredo, Marcos David FerreiraAbstract:Abstract Starch-based films can have their poor technological properties improved by lipid supplementation using emulsification step as strategy. Our aim was to evaluate the incorporation of Carnauba Wax (0−15 wt%) using emulsion technology micro-(ME) and nanoemulsion (NE) in the characteristics (physical, technological, and optical) of arrowroot starch films. The presence of Carnauba Wax in the films increased their hydrophobic characteristics, reducing water solubility, moisture, water vapor permeability, and thermal stability, as well as improved the light barrier properties. The films with NE presented lower water vapor permeability and light barrier properties, as well as a better tensile strength and smoother microstructure than the films performed with ME. The addition of either ME or NE enhanced the barrier properties and elongation of films, which results in films that may be used as environmentally friendly food packaging materials. In addition, nanoemulsification seems to be a good strategy for incorporating hydrophilic compounds in starch-based films.
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Curaua cellulose sheets dip coated with micro and nano Carnauba Wax emulsions
2019Co-Authors: Adriana Campos, Marcela Miranda, Marcos David Ferreira, Pedro C. Claro, Bruno R. Luchesi, Fernanda V. D. Souza, José M. MarconciniAbstract:The cellulose sheets used in packaging applications depend on the hydrophilic properties of the cellulose fibers. However, the development of hydrophobic cellulose from new sustainable materials obtained from renewable sources is still poorly reported in the literature. Thus, a green method to obtain hydrophobic curaua cellulose sheets was studied. The sheets were dip coated multiple times to achieve layer-by-layer deposition, in Carnauba Wax micro and nanoemulsions. In this way, different sizes of Carnauba Wax particles penetrated the small cellulose pores between entangled fibers, leading to different properties. The nano Carnauba emulsion presented the best performance since the sheets showed lower moisture permeability, slightly higher contact angle and stronger cellulose-Wax adhesion than the other samples. Besides that, the overall process is cheaper, making it more useful in industrial applications.