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Jarunee Loksuwan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of microencapsulated β Carotene formed by spray drying with modified tapioca starch native tapioca starch and maltodextrin
Food Hydrocolloids, 2007Co-Authors: Jarunee LoksuwanAbstract:Abstract Acid-modified tapioca starch, native tapioca starch, and maltodextrin were tested for their ability to serve as wall materials for encapsulating β -Carotene. The modified tapioca starch had wider particle size distribution, toward the smaller diameters, as compared to its native starch and maltodextrin. Moisture content and water activity of microcapsules were found to be dependent on type of wall materials. There were differences in total β -Carotene and surface β -Carotene contents among samples. The total β -Carotene was highest for modified tapioca starch while it was lowest for maltodextrin. The surface β -Carotene was lowest for modified tapioca starch while it was highest for native tapioca starch. The modified tapioca starch was more effective than its native starch in β -Carotene retention. Results obtained suggest that the modified tapioca starch can be considered as potential wall material for encapsulation of β -Carotene.
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Characteristics of microencapsulated β-Carotene formed by spray drying with modified tapioca starch, native tapioca starch and maltodextrin
Food Hydrocolloids, 2007Co-Authors: Jarunee LoksuwanAbstract:Acid-modified tapioca starch, native tapioca starch, and maltodextrin were tested for their ability to serve as wall materials for encapsulating β-Carotene. The modified tapioca starch had wider particle size distribution, toward the smaller diameters, as compared to its native starch and maltodextrin. Moisture content and water activity of microcapsules were found to be dependent on type of wall materials. There were differences in total β-Carotene and surface β-Carotene contents among samples. The total β-Carotene was highest for modified tapioca starch while it was lowest for maltodextrin. The surface β-Carotene was lowest for modified tapioca starch while it was highest for native tapioca starch. The modified tapioca starch was more effective than its native starch in β-Carotene retention. Results obtained suggest that the modified tapioca starch can be considered as potential wall material for encapsulation of β-Carotene. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
U Pick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel 9-cis/all-trans β-Carotene isomerases from plastidic oil bodies in Dunaliella bardawil catalyze the conversion of all-trans to 9-cis β-Carotene
Plant Cell Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Lital Davidi, U PickAbstract:Key messageWe identified and demonstrated the function of 9-cis/all-trans β-Carotene isomerases in plastidic globules of Dunaliella bardawil, the species accumulating the highest levels of 9-cis β-Carotene that is essential for humans.AbstractThe halotolerant alga Dunaliella bardawil is unique in that it accumulates under light stress high levels of β-Carotene in plastidic lipid globules. The pigment is composed of two major isomers: all-trans β-Carotene, the common natural form of this pigment, and 9-cis β-Carotene. The biosynthetic pathway of β-Carotene is known, but it is not clear how the 9-cis isomer is formed. We identified in plastidic lipid globules that were isolated from D. bardawil two proteins with high sequence homology to the D27 protein—a 9-cis/all-trans β-Carotene isomerase from rice (Alder et al. Science 335:1348–1351, 2012). The proteins are enriched in the oil globules by 6- to 17-fold compared to chloroplast proteins. The expression of the corresponding genes, 9-cis-βC-iso1 and 9-cis-βC-iso2, is enhanced under light stress. The synthetic proteins catalyze in vitro conversion of all-trans to 9-cis β-Carotene. Expression of the 9-cis-βC-iso1 or of 9-cis-βC-iso2 genes in an E. coli mutant line that harbors β-Carotene biosynthesis genes enhanced the conversion of all-trans into 9-cis β-Carotene. These results suggest that 9-cis-βC-ISO1 and 9-cis-βC-ISO2 proteins are responsible for the formation of 9-cis β-Carotene in D. bardawil under stress conditions.
Erik Slinde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of carrot varieties for production of deep fried carrot chips—III. Carotenoids
Food Research International, 1997Co-Authors: Grete Skrede, Astrid Nilsson, Hans J. Rosenfeld, Grethe Enersen, Pernille Baardseth, Erik SlindeAbstract:Abstract Carotene contents of four carrot (Daucus carota L.) varieties, grown at six latitudes in Norway, demonstrated that carrots grown at two locations far south had the highest Carotene contents, while no effect of variety was seen. Carotene contents of carrot chips correlated significantly with those of raw carrots and averaged 88% of initial amount, about 20% being identified as 9-cis β-Carotene. The Carotenes corresponded to 4140 retinol equivalents (RE) per 100 g chips, demonstrating carrot chips as a good source of Carotenes. For raw carrots, CIE (1976) L∗, a∗ and Hue° values correlated significantly with Carotene content, while for chips, a∗, b∗ and Hue° values correlated with Carotene content.
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evaluation of carrot varieties for production of deep fried carrot chips iii carotenoids
Food Research International, 1997Co-Authors: Grete Skrede, Astrid Nilsson, Hans J. Rosenfeld, Grethe Enersen, Pernille Baardseth, Erik SlindeAbstract:Abstract Carotene contents of four carrot (Daucus carota L.) varieties, grown at six latitudes in Norway, demonstrated that carrots grown at two locations far south had the highest Carotene contents, while no effect of variety was seen. Carotene contents of carrot chips correlated significantly with those of raw carrots and averaged 88% of initial amount, about 20% being identified as 9-cis β-Carotene. The Carotenes corresponded to 4140 retinol equivalents (RE) per 100 g chips, demonstrating carrot chips as a good source of Carotenes. For raw carrots, CIE (1976) L∗, a∗ and Hue° values correlated significantly with Carotene content, while for chips, a∗, b∗ and Hue° values correlated with Carotene content.
Lital Davidi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel 9-cis/all-trans β-Carotene isomerases from plastidic oil bodies in Dunaliella bardawil catalyze the conversion of all-trans to 9-cis β-Carotene
Plant Cell Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Lital Davidi, U PickAbstract:Key messageWe identified and demonstrated the function of 9-cis/all-trans β-Carotene isomerases in plastidic globules of Dunaliella bardawil, the species accumulating the highest levels of 9-cis β-Carotene that is essential for humans.AbstractThe halotolerant alga Dunaliella bardawil is unique in that it accumulates under light stress high levels of β-Carotene in plastidic lipid globules. The pigment is composed of two major isomers: all-trans β-Carotene, the common natural form of this pigment, and 9-cis β-Carotene. The biosynthetic pathway of β-Carotene is known, but it is not clear how the 9-cis isomer is formed. We identified in plastidic lipid globules that were isolated from D. bardawil two proteins with high sequence homology to the D27 protein—a 9-cis/all-trans β-Carotene isomerase from rice (Alder et al. Science 335:1348–1351, 2012). The proteins are enriched in the oil globules by 6- to 17-fold compared to chloroplast proteins. The expression of the corresponding genes, 9-cis-βC-iso1 and 9-cis-βC-iso2, is enhanced under light stress. The synthetic proteins catalyze in vitro conversion of all-trans to 9-cis β-Carotene. Expression of the 9-cis-βC-iso1 or of 9-cis-βC-iso2 genes in an E. coli mutant line that harbors β-Carotene biosynthesis genes enhanced the conversion of all-trans into 9-cis β-Carotene. These results suggest that 9-cis-βC-ISO1 and 9-cis-βC-ISO2 proteins are responsible for the formation of 9-cis β-Carotene in D. bardawil under stress conditions.
Helmut Sies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lycopene and β-Carotene
Free Radicals Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, 1998Co-Authors: Helmut Sies, Wilhelm StahlAbstract:Carotenoids are widespread natural colorants with lipophilic properties, and more than 600 different compounds have been identified until know, with ²-Carotene as the most prominent (Olson and Krinsky, 1995); structures of ²-Carotene and its acyclic analog lycopene are shown in Fig. 1. Most carotenoids contain an extended system of conjugated double bonds, which is responsible for their color. Carotenoids can be divided in two classes, Carotenes which are solely composed of carbon and hydrogen, and oxocarotenoids (xanthophylls) which contain at least one oxygen atom. From a biochemical point of view, carotenoids are grouped as provitamin A and non-provitamin A compounds. The provitamin A carotenoids ²-Carotene, α-Carotene, and s-cryptoxanthin may serve as precursors of retinol and are capable of preventing classical vitamin A deficiency diseases such as xerophthalmia. The biosynthesis of carotenoids is limited to plants and some lower organisms (Young and Britton, 1993), whereas animals are provided with carotenoids from the diet. Important dietary sources of carotenoids for the human are green leafy and orange to red vegetables such as spinach, kale, broccoli, carrots, tomatoes as well as various fruits such as oranges, tangerines, or peaches (Gross, 1987; Gross 1991). More than 35 different carotenoids have been identified in human plasma (Khachik, et al., 1995).
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preferential increase in chylomicron levels of the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin compared to beta Carotene in the human
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 1996Co-Authors: Christine Gartner, Wilhelm Stahl, Helmut SiesAbstract:The time-course of appearance of five carotenoids in chylomicrons and their distribution pattern were studied following ingestion of a single dose of Betatene, a natural carotenoid source composed of 0.5% lutein, 0.75% zeaxanthin, 3.6% alpha-Carotene, 70.3% all-trans beta-Carotene, 22.7% beta-Carotene cis isomers, 2.1% unidentified carotenoids and no lycopene. Lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha-Carotene and all-trans beta-Carotene but not lycopene levels in chylomicrons increased after Betatene ingestion with a maximum at 9 h and a distinct decline from 9 to 12 h. However, the carotenoid pattern in the chylomicron fraction did not match the pattern in Betatene, with a 14-fold and 4-fold higher level of lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, compared to their content in Betatene. The contribution of alpha-Carotene to the carotenoid composition in chylomicrons reflected its content in Betatene, whereas the relative amount of all-trans beta-Carotene was substantially lower than in Betatene. Thus, in the presence of high amounts of beta-Carotene, there is a preferential uptake of the xanthophylls lutein and zeaxanthin as compared to all-trans beta-Carotene from the intestinal lumen into chylomicrons.
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human serum concentrations of all trans β and α Carotene but not 9 cis β Carotene increase upon ingestion of a natural isomer mixture obtained from dunaliella salina betatene
Journal of Nutrition, 1993Co-Authors: Wilhelm Stahl, Wolfgang Schwarz, Helmut SiesAbstract:The uptake of all-trans and 9-cis β-Carotene and of α-Carotene from a natural Carotene preparation from Dunaliella salina, Betatene, was studied in humans. All-trans β-Carotene and α-Carotene were absorbed well and showed the expected biokinetics with serum peak concentrations between 24 and 48 h. The mean increase in serum concentrations of α-Carotene was 5.6% of the increase of all-trans β-Carotene, reflecting the composition of these carotenoids in Betatene. 9-cis β-Carotene, however, was not detected in human serum, even after repeated doses. This could be due to preferential absorption of all-trans β-Carotene, rapid distribution of 9-cis β-Carotene into the tissue, or the presence of isomerase activity processing 9-cis to all-trans β-Carotene