The Experts below are selected from a list of 10101 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christof Niehrs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on growth and form a Cartesian Coordinate system of wnt and bmp signaling specifies bilaterian body axes
Development, 2010Co-Authors: Christof NiehrsAbstract:The regulation of body axis specification in the common ancestor of bilaterians remains controversial. BMP signaling appears to be an ancient program for patterning the secondary, or dorsoventral, body axis, but any such program for the primary, or anteroposterior, body axis is debated. Recent work in invertebrates indicates that posterior Wnt/β-catenin signaling is such a mechanism and that it evolutionarily predates the cnidarian-bilaterian split. Here, I argue that a Cartesian Coordinate system of positional information set up by gradients of perpendicular Wnt and BMP signaling is conserved in bilaterians, orchestrates body axis patterning and contributes to both the relative invariance and diversity of body forms.
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on growth and form a Cartesian Coordinate system of wnt and bmp signaling specifies bilaterian body axes
Development, 2010Co-Authors: Christof NiehrsAbstract:The regulation of body axis specification in the common ancestor of bilaterians remains controversial. BMP signaling appears to be an ancient program for patterning the secondary, or dorsoventral, body axis, but any such program for the primary, or anteroposterior, body axis is debated. Recent work in invertebrates indicates that posterior Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is such a mechanism and that it evolutionarily predates the cnidarian-bilaterian split. Here, I argue that a Cartesian Coordinate system of positional information set up by gradients of perpendicular Wnt and BMP signaling is conserved in bilaterians, orchestrates body axis patterning and contributes to both the relative invariance and diversity of body forms.
Nobuhiro Go - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of normal mode analyses on a small globular protein in dihedral angle space and Cartesian Coordinate space
Biophysical Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Akio Kitao, Steven Hayward, Nobuhiro GoAbstract:Abstract Normal mode analyses on the protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, in dihedral angle space and Cartesian Coordinate space are compared. In Cartesian Coordinate space it is found that modes of frequencies lower than 30 cm−1 contribute 80% of the total mean-square fluctuation and are represented almost completely by motions in the dihedral angles. Bond angle and length fluctuations dominate in modes above 200 cm−1, but contribute less than 2% to the total mean-square fluctuation. In the low-frequency modes a good correspondence between patterns of atomic displacements was found, but on average the root-mean-square fluctuations of the Cartesian Coordinate modes are 13% greater than their dihedral angle counterparts. The main effect of fluctuations in the bond angles and lengths, therefore, is to allow the dihedral angles to become more flexible. As the important subspaces determined from the two methods overlap considerably, dihedral angle space analysis can be applied to proteins too large for Cartesian Coordinate space analysis
Akio Kitao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of normal mode analyses on a small globular protein in dihedral angle space and Cartesian Coordinate space
Biophysical Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Akio Kitao, Steven Hayward, Nobuhiro GoAbstract:Abstract Normal mode analyses on the protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, in dihedral angle space and Cartesian Coordinate space are compared. In Cartesian Coordinate space it is found that modes of frequencies lower than 30 cm−1 contribute 80% of the total mean-square fluctuation and are represented almost completely by motions in the dihedral angles. Bond angle and length fluctuations dominate in modes above 200 cm−1, but contribute less than 2% to the total mean-square fluctuation. In the low-frequency modes a good correspondence between patterns of atomic displacements was found, but on average the root-mean-square fluctuations of the Cartesian Coordinate modes are 13% greater than their dihedral angle counterparts. The main effect of fluctuations in the bond angles and lengths, therefore, is to allow the dihedral angles to become more flexible. As the important subspaces determined from the two methods overlap considerably, dihedral angle space analysis can be applied to proteins too large for Cartesian Coordinate space analysis
Efstratios Skafidas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an analysis of electro optic measurement of electric fields using jones matrix formulation
Opt.InfoBase Conf. Papers, 2012Co-Authors: Huma Ismail, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Efstratios SkafidasAbstract:We present an analysis of polarization sensitive electro-optic measurement using Jones matrix formulation. Based on our formulation, we present an optimisation of the angle of incidence within the electro-optic probe and its ability to measure electric-fields in a three dimensional Cartesian Coordinate system. © 2011 SPIE-OSA-IEEE.
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An analysis of electro-optic measurement of electric Fields using Jones matrix formulation
Optoelectronic Materials and Devices VI, 2011Co-Authors: Huma Ismail, Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, Efstratios SkafidasAbstract:We present an analysis of polarization sensitive electro-optic measurement using Jones matrix formulation. Based on our formulation, we present an optimisation of the angle of incidence within the electro-optic probe and its ability to measure electric-fields in a three dimensional Cartesian Coordinate system.
Steven Hayward - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of normal mode analyses on a small globular protein in dihedral angle space and Cartesian Coordinate space
Biophysical Chemistry, 1994Co-Authors: Akio Kitao, Steven Hayward, Nobuhiro GoAbstract:Abstract Normal mode analyses on the protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, in dihedral angle space and Cartesian Coordinate space are compared. In Cartesian Coordinate space it is found that modes of frequencies lower than 30 cm−1 contribute 80% of the total mean-square fluctuation and are represented almost completely by motions in the dihedral angles. Bond angle and length fluctuations dominate in modes above 200 cm−1, but contribute less than 2% to the total mean-square fluctuation. In the low-frequency modes a good correspondence between patterns of atomic displacements was found, but on average the root-mean-square fluctuations of the Cartesian Coordinate modes are 13% greater than their dihedral angle counterparts. The main effect of fluctuations in the bond angles and lengths, therefore, is to allow the dihedral angles to become more flexible. As the important subspaces determined from the two methods overlap considerably, dihedral angle space analysis can be applied to proteins too large for Cartesian Coordinate space analysis