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Paul D. Stein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Case Fatality Rate in pulmonary embolism according to age and stability
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis-Hemostasis, 2013Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Ahmed AlrifaiAbstract:Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999 to 2008, were used to assess the effects of advancing age on in-hospital Case Fatality Rate of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) stratified according to stability. Among adults, all-cause Case Fatality was affected more by advancing age (1.8 deaths/10 years of age) than death attributable to PE (0.7 deaths/10 years of age). All-cause Case Fatality Rate was affected more by advancing age in unstable adults than in stable adults (5.3 deaths/10 years of age vs 1.7 deaths/10 years of age). Case Fatality Rate attributable to PE was also affected more by advancing age in unstable adults than in stable adults (4.1 deaths/10 years of age vs 0.6 deaths/10 years of age). Limited data suggest that the Case Fatality Rate of children was comparable to that of the elderly individuals. These results may influence the prognostic value of risk assessment tools for patients with PE.
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Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters in hospitalized stable patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism.
The American Journal of Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Michel J. SabraAbstract:BACKGROUND: In view of the high risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer, we tested the hypothesis that stable patients with pulmonary embolism who have cancer might be a subset of patients who would show a lower Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters than without filters. METHODS: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and cancer at discharge from short-stay hospitals throughout the US from 1998-2009 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with pulmonary embolism who had a diagnostic code for shock, ventilatory support, thrombolytic therapy, or pulmonary embolectomy were excluded because such patients have been shown to have lower Case Fatality Rate with filters. RESULTS: In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate was lower with vena cava filters in stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors providing they were aged >30 years, but there was variability according to type of tumor and age of patient. On average, Case Fatality Rate among those >30 years with filters was 7070 of 69,350 (10.2%) (95% confidence interval, 10.0-10.4) versus 36,875 of 247,125 (14.9%) (95% confidence interval, 14.8-15.1) without filters (P
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Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters in hospitalized stable patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism
The American Journal of Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Michel J. SabraAbstract:BACKGROUND: In view of the high risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer, we tested the hypothesis that stable patients with pulmonary embolism who have cancer might be a subset of patients who would show a lower Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters than without filters. METHODS: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and cancer at discharge from short-stay hospitals throughout the US from 1998-2009 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with pulmonary embolism who had a diagnostic code for shock, ventilatory support, thrombolytic therapy, or pulmonary embolectomy were excluded because such patients have been shown to have lower Case Fatality Rate with filters. RESULTS: In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate was lower with vena cava filters in stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors providing they were aged >30 years, but there was variability according to type of tumor and age of patient. On average, Case Fatality Rate among those >30 years with filters was 7070 of 69,350 (10.2%) (95% confidence interval, 10.0-10.4) versus 36,875 of 247,125 (14.9%) (95% confidence interval, 14.8-15.1) without filters (P <.0001) (relative risk 0.68). Among stable patients with hematological malignancies, Case Fatality Rate, except in the elderly, was higher among those with vena cava filters than those without filters. CONCLUSION: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors who are older than age 30 years appear to be a subset of patients with pulmonary embolism who would benefit from vena cava filters, but this needs to be tested prospectively.
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trends in Case Fatality Rate in pulmonary embolism according to stability and treatment
Thrombosis Research, 2012Co-Authors: Fadi Matta, Paul D. Stein, Ahmed Alrifai, Akhil RahmanAbstract:Abstract Purpose To determine categories of patients with pulmonary embolism in whom therapy has been reducing or failing to reduce Case Fatality Rate. Methods Patients with acute pulmonary embolism were assessed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999–2008. Trends of Case Fatality Rates were assessed according to whether patients were stable or unstable and according to treatment within these groups. Results In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate among all patients with pulmonary embolism decreased from 16,150 of 136,740 (11.8%) in 1999 to 23,040 of 311,620 (7.4%) in 2008. All-cause Case Fatality Rate decreased 45.0% in stable patients from 14,780 of 133,230 (11.1%) in 1999 to 18,170 of 297,770 (6.1%) in 2008. In unstable patients it decreased only 9.7% from 1,370 of 3,510 (39.0%) in 1999 to 4,870 of 13,850 (35.2%) in 2008. Only 72,230 of 2,110,320 (3.4%) patients with acute pulmonary embolism were unstable. Among unstable patients who received thrombolytic therapy, all-cause mortality did not change from 1999–2008. Among unstable patients treated only with anticoagulants and/or a vena cava filter, all-cause Case Fatality Rate decreased 23.6% from 1,110 of 2,080 (53.4%) in 1999 to 4,290 of 10,530 (40.7%) in 2008, but remained higher than in those treated with thrombolytic agents. Case Fatality Rates attributable to pulmonary embolism were lower than all-cause Case Fatality Rate, but showed similar trends. Conclusions The decreasing all-cause Case Fatality Rate and Case Fatality Rate attributable to pulmonary embolism from 1999–2008 resulted primarily from a decreasing Case Fatality Rate in stable patients. There was no reduction of Case Fatality Rate in unstable patients who received thrombolytic therapy, although Case Fatality Rate was relatively low with thrombolytic therapy plus a vena cava filter. Most unstable patients, however, failed to receive this combination of therapy.
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Case Fatality Rate with pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism
The American Journal of Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi MattaAbstract:Abstract Background There are insufficient data to assess the potential role of pulmonary embolectomy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Methods In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate with pulmonary embolectomy was assessed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1999 through 2008. Results Among unstable patients (in shock or ventilator-dependent), Case Fatality Rate with embolectomy was 380 of 950 (40%). Among stable patients, Case Fatality Rate was lower: 690 of 2820 (24%) ( P P =.01). Case Fatality Rates were lower in patients with a primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and even lower in patients with a primary diagnosis who had none of the comorbid conditions listed in the Charlson Index. Within each stratified group, patients with vena cava filters had a lower Case Fatality Rate. Conclusions Case Fatality Rate in unstable patients who underwent pulmonary embolectomy remained at 39%-40% from 1999-2003 to 2004-2008, and in stable patients it decreased only from 27% to 23%. Case Fatality Rates were lower in those with fewer comorbid conditions and in those who received a vena cava filter. Our data reflect average outcome in the US. It may be that experienced surgeons and an aggressive multidisciplinary team could obtain a lower Case Fatality Rate.
Fadi Matta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Case Fatality Rate in pulmonary embolism according to age and stability
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis-Hemostasis, 2013Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Ahmed AlrifaiAbstract:Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999 to 2008, were used to assess the effects of advancing age on in-hospital Case Fatality Rate of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) stratified according to stability. Among adults, all-cause Case Fatality was affected more by advancing age (1.8 deaths/10 years of age) than death attributable to PE (0.7 deaths/10 years of age). All-cause Case Fatality Rate was affected more by advancing age in unstable adults than in stable adults (5.3 deaths/10 years of age vs 1.7 deaths/10 years of age). Case Fatality Rate attributable to PE was also affected more by advancing age in unstable adults than in stable adults (4.1 deaths/10 years of age vs 0.6 deaths/10 years of age). Limited data suggest that the Case Fatality Rate of children was comparable to that of the elderly individuals. These results may influence the prognostic value of risk assessment tools for patients with PE.
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Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters in hospitalized stable patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism.
The American Journal of Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Michel J. SabraAbstract:BACKGROUND: In view of the high risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer, we tested the hypothesis that stable patients with pulmonary embolism who have cancer might be a subset of patients who would show a lower Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters than without filters. METHODS: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and cancer at discharge from short-stay hospitals throughout the US from 1998-2009 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with pulmonary embolism who had a diagnostic code for shock, ventilatory support, thrombolytic therapy, or pulmonary embolectomy were excluded because such patients have been shown to have lower Case Fatality Rate with filters. RESULTS: In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate was lower with vena cava filters in stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors providing they were aged >30 years, but there was variability according to type of tumor and age of patient. On average, Case Fatality Rate among those >30 years with filters was 7070 of 69,350 (10.2%) (95% confidence interval, 10.0-10.4) versus 36,875 of 247,125 (14.9%) (95% confidence interval, 14.8-15.1) without filters (P
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Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters in hospitalized stable patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism
The American Journal of Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Michel J. SabraAbstract:BACKGROUND: In view of the high risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer, we tested the hypothesis that stable patients with pulmonary embolism who have cancer might be a subset of patients who would show a lower Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters than without filters. METHODS: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and cancer at discharge from short-stay hospitals throughout the US from 1998-2009 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with pulmonary embolism who had a diagnostic code for shock, ventilatory support, thrombolytic therapy, or pulmonary embolectomy were excluded because such patients have been shown to have lower Case Fatality Rate with filters. RESULTS: In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate was lower with vena cava filters in stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors providing they were aged >30 years, but there was variability according to type of tumor and age of patient. On average, Case Fatality Rate among those >30 years with filters was 7070 of 69,350 (10.2%) (95% confidence interval, 10.0-10.4) versus 36,875 of 247,125 (14.9%) (95% confidence interval, 14.8-15.1) without filters (P <.0001) (relative risk 0.68). Among stable patients with hematological malignancies, Case Fatality Rate, except in the elderly, was higher among those with vena cava filters than those without filters. CONCLUSION: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors who are older than age 30 years appear to be a subset of patients with pulmonary embolism who would benefit from vena cava filters, but this needs to be tested prospectively.
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trends in Case Fatality Rate in pulmonary embolism according to stability and treatment
Thrombosis Research, 2012Co-Authors: Fadi Matta, Paul D. Stein, Ahmed Alrifai, Akhil RahmanAbstract:Abstract Purpose To determine categories of patients with pulmonary embolism in whom therapy has been reducing or failing to reduce Case Fatality Rate. Methods Patients with acute pulmonary embolism were assessed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1999–2008. Trends of Case Fatality Rates were assessed according to whether patients were stable or unstable and according to treatment within these groups. Results In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate among all patients with pulmonary embolism decreased from 16,150 of 136,740 (11.8%) in 1999 to 23,040 of 311,620 (7.4%) in 2008. All-cause Case Fatality Rate decreased 45.0% in stable patients from 14,780 of 133,230 (11.1%) in 1999 to 18,170 of 297,770 (6.1%) in 2008. In unstable patients it decreased only 9.7% from 1,370 of 3,510 (39.0%) in 1999 to 4,870 of 13,850 (35.2%) in 2008. Only 72,230 of 2,110,320 (3.4%) patients with acute pulmonary embolism were unstable. Among unstable patients who received thrombolytic therapy, all-cause mortality did not change from 1999–2008. Among unstable patients treated only with anticoagulants and/or a vena cava filter, all-cause Case Fatality Rate decreased 23.6% from 1,110 of 2,080 (53.4%) in 1999 to 4,290 of 10,530 (40.7%) in 2008, but remained higher than in those treated with thrombolytic agents. Case Fatality Rates attributable to pulmonary embolism were lower than all-cause Case Fatality Rate, but showed similar trends. Conclusions The decreasing all-cause Case Fatality Rate and Case Fatality Rate attributable to pulmonary embolism from 1999–2008 resulted primarily from a decreasing Case Fatality Rate in stable patients. There was no reduction of Case Fatality Rate in unstable patients who received thrombolytic therapy, although Case Fatality Rate was relatively low with thrombolytic therapy plus a vena cava filter. Most unstable patients, however, failed to receive this combination of therapy.
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Case Fatality Rate with pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism
The American Journal of Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi MattaAbstract:Abstract Background There are insufficient data to assess the potential role of pulmonary embolectomy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Methods In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate with pulmonary embolectomy was assessed from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1999 through 2008. Results Among unstable patients (in shock or ventilator-dependent), Case Fatality Rate with embolectomy was 380 of 950 (40%). Among stable patients, Case Fatality Rate was lower: 690 of 2820 (24%) ( P P =.01). Case Fatality Rates were lower in patients with a primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and even lower in patients with a primary diagnosis who had none of the comorbid conditions listed in the Charlson Index. Within each stratified group, patients with vena cava filters had a lower Case Fatality Rate. Conclusions Case Fatality Rate in unstable patients who underwent pulmonary embolectomy remained at 39%-40% from 1999-2003 to 2004-2008, and in stable patients it decreased only from 27% to 23%. Case Fatality Rates were lower in those with fewer comorbid conditions and in those who received a vena cava filter. Our data reflect average outcome in the US. It may be that experienced surgeons and an aggressive multidisciplinary team could obtain a lower Case Fatality Rate.
Jia Bainga Kangbai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sociodemographic and clinical determinants of in facility Case Fatality Rate for 938 adult ebola patients treated at sierra leone ebola treatment center
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Jia Bainga Kangbai, Christian Heumann, Michael Hoelscher, Foday Sahr, Guenter FroeschlAbstract:The 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak recorded the highest incidence and mortality since the discovery of the virus in Zaire in 1976; with more than 28,000 probable and confirmed EVD Cases and 11,000 deaths. Studies relating to previous outbreaks usually involved small sample sizes. In this study we are set to identify those sociodemographic and clinical features that predict in-facility mortality among EVD patients using a large sample size. We analysed the anonymized medical records of 938 laboratory-confirmed EVD patients 15 years old and above who received treatment at The 34 Military Hospital and The Police Training School EVD Treatment Centers in Sierra Leone in the period June 2014 to April 2015. We used both univariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine the predictors for in-facility mortality of these patients based on their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The median age of the EVD Cases was 33 years (interquartile range = 25 to 40 years). The majority of the EVD Cases were male (59.0%) and had secondary level education (79.3%). We reported a low overall in-facility Case Fatality Rate of 26.4%. The associations between Case Fatality Rates and EVD patients who reported fever, abdominal pain, cough, diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, haemorrhage, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnea, and skin rash at the time of admission were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our preferred model with the age group 65 years and above alongside the following clinical symptoms; diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnea and cough produced a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.93. We constructed a simple model that can be optimally used alongside other rapid EVD diagnostic tools to identify EVD in-facility treatment mortality predictors based on the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical symptoms of adult EVD patients. We also reported low EVD Cases among patients with secondary and tertiary education. These subpopulations of our patients who are generally informed about the signs and symptoms of EVD, alongside our treatment regimen may have been responsible for our comparatively lower Case Fatality Rate.
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Sociodemographic and clinical determinants of in-facility Case Fatality Rate for 938 adult Ebola patients treated at Sierra Leone Ebola treatment center
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Jia Bainga Kangbai, Christian Heumann, Michael Hoelscher, Foday Sahr, Guenter FroeschlAbstract:Background The 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak recorded the highest incidence and mortality since the discovery of the virus in Zaire in 1976; with more than 28,000 probable and confirmed EVD Cases and 11,000 deaths. Studies relating to previous outbreaks usually involved small sample sizes. In this study we are set to identify those sociodemographic and clinical features that predict in-facility mortality among EVD patients using a large sample size. Methods We analysed the anonymized medical records of 938 laboratory-confirmed EVD patients 15 years old and above who received treatment at The 34 Military Hospital and The Police Training School EVD Treatment Centers in Sierra Leone in the period June 2014 to April 2015. We used both univariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine the predictors for in-facility mortality of these patients based on their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results The median age of the EVD Cases was 33 years (interquartile range = 25 to 40 years). The majority of the EVD Cases were male (59.0%) and had secondary level education (79.3%). We reported a low overall in-facility Case Fatality Rate of 26.4%. The associations between Case Fatality Rates and EVD patients who reported fever, abdominal pain, cough, diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, haemorrhage, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnea, and skin rash at the time of admission were all statistically significant ( p
Guenter Froeschl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sociodemographic and clinical determinants of in facility Case Fatality Rate for 938 adult ebola patients treated at sierra leone ebola treatment center
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Jia Bainga Kangbai, Christian Heumann, Michael Hoelscher, Foday Sahr, Guenter FroeschlAbstract:The 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak recorded the highest incidence and mortality since the discovery of the virus in Zaire in 1976; with more than 28,000 probable and confirmed EVD Cases and 11,000 deaths. Studies relating to previous outbreaks usually involved small sample sizes. In this study we are set to identify those sociodemographic and clinical features that predict in-facility mortality among EVD patients using a large sample size. We analysed the anonymized medical records of 938 laboratory-confirmed EVD patients 15 years old and above who received treatment at The 34 Military Hospital and The Police Training School EVD Treatment Centers in Sierra Leone in the period June 2014 to April 2015. We used both univariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine the predictors for in-facility mortality of these patients based on their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. The median age of the EVD Cases was 33 years (interquartile range = 25 to 40 years). The majority of the EVD Cases were male (59.0%) and had secondary level education (79.3%). We reported a low overall in-facility Case Fatality Rate of 26.4%. The associations between Case Fatality Rates and EVD patients who reported fever, abdominal pain, cough, diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, haemorrhage, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnea, and skin rash at the time of admission were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our preferred model with the age group 65 years and above alongside the following clinical symptoms; diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnea and cough produced a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.93. We constructed a simple model that can be optimally used alongside other rapid EVD diagnostic tools to identify EVD in-facility treatment mortality predictors based on the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical symptoms of adult EVD patients. We also reported low EVD Cases among patients with secondary and tertiary education. These subpopulations of our patients who are generally informed about the signs and symptoms of EVD, alongside our treatment regimen may have been responsible for our comparatively lower Case Fatality Rate.
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Sociodemographic and clinical determinants of in-facility Case Fatality Rate for 938 adult Ebola patients treated at Sierra Leone Ebola treatment center
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Jia Bainga Kangbai, Christian Heumann, Michael Hoelscher, Foday Sahr, Guenter FroeschlAbstract:Background The 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak recorded the highest incidence and mortality since the discovery of the virus in Zaire in 1976; with more than 28,000 probable and confirmed EVD Cases and 11,000 deaths. Studies relating to previous outbreaks usually involved small sample sizes. In this study we are set to identify those sociodemographic and clinical features that predict in-facility mortality among EVD patients using a large sample size. Methods We analysed the anonymized medical records of 938 laboratory-confirmed EVD patients 15 years old and above who received treatment at The 34 Military Hospital and The Police Training School EVD Treatment Centers in Sierra Leone in the period June 2014 to April 2015. We used both univariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine the predictors for in-facility mortality of these patients based on their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Results The median age of the EVD Cases was 33 years (interquartile range = 25 to 40 years). The majority of the EVD Cases were male (59.0%) and had secondary level education (79.3%). We reported a low overall in-facility Case Fatality Rate of 26.4%. The associations between Case Fatality Rates and EVD patients who reported fever, abdominal pain, cough, diarrhoea, vomiting, fatigue, haemorrhage, dysphagia, conjunctival injection, dyspnea, and skin rash at the time of admission were all statistically significant ( p
Michel J. Sabra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters in hospitalized stable patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism.
The American Journal of Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Michel J. SabraAbstract:BACKGROUND: In view of the high risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer, we tested the hypothesis that stable patients with pulmonary embolism who have cancer might be a subset of patients who would show a lower Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters than without filters. METHODS: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and cancer at discharge from short-stay hospitals throughout the US from 1998-2009 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with pulmonary embolism who had a diagnostic code for shock, ventilatory support, thrombolytic therapy, or pulmonary embolectomy were excluded because such patients have been shown to have lower Case Fatality Rate with filters. RESULTS: In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate was lower with vena cava filters in stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors providing they were aged >30 years, but there was variability according to type of tumor and age of patient. On average, Case Fatality Rate among those >30 years with filters was 7070 of 69,350 (10.2%) (95% confidence interval, 10.0-10.4) versus 36,875 of 247,125 (14.9%) (95% confidence interval, 14.8-15.1) without filters (P
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Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters in hospitalized stable patients with cancer and pulmonary embolism
The American Journal of Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Paul D. Stein, Fadi Matta, Michel J. SabraAbstract:BACKGROUND: In view of the high risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer, we tested the hypothesis that stable patients with pulmonary embolism who have cancer might be a subset of patients who would show a lower Case Fatality Rate with vena cava filters than without filters. METHODS: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and cancer at discharge from short-stay hospitals throughout the US from 1998-2009 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patients with pulmonary embolism who had a diagnostic code for shock, ventilatory support, thrombolytic therapy, or pulmonary embolectomy were excluded because such patients have been shown to have lower Case Fatality Rate with filters. RESULTS: In-hospital all-cause Case Fatality Rate was lower with vena cava filters in stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors providing they were aged >30 years, but there was variability according to type of tumor and age of patient. On average, Case Fatality Rate among those >30 years with filters was 7070 of 69,350 (10.2%) (95% confidence interval, 10.0-10.4) versus 36,875 of 247,125 (14.9%) (95% confidence interval, 14.8-15.1) without filters (P <.0001) (relative risk 0.68). Among stable patients with hematological malignancies, Case Fatality Rate, except in the elderly, was higher among those with vena cava filters than those without filters. CONCLUSION: Stable patients with pulmonary embolism and solid malignant tumors who are older than age 30 years appear to be a subset of patients with pulmonary embolism who would benefit from vena cava filters, but this needs to be tested prospectively.