The Experts below are selected from a list of 268497 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Volkan Topalli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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racial bias in Case Processing does victim race affect police clearance of violent crime incidents
Justice Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Terrance J Taylor, David Holleran, Volkan TopalliAbstract:Prior studies have illustrated racial differences in perceptions of police legitimacy. African‐Americans’ views, however, appear to be complex, shaped by perceptions of over‐enforcement of crimes committed by African‐American offenders coupled with under‐enforcement of crimes involving African‐American victims. Using data from the 2002 National Incident‐Based Reporting System, we examine whether victim race (alone, and in combination with offender race) affects police Case clearance of four types of violent criminal incidents (homicide, aggravated assault, rape, and robbery) as a potential explanation of African‐Americans’ reduced levels of support for the police. Results suggest that the race of the victim, particularly in combination with the race of the offender, is related to police clearance of violent criminal incidents, but that this relationship is not as strong as those between agency, offense type, and situational characteristics of the incident. Implications for research and policy on police—co...
Donald H. Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prosecutorial discretion in seeking death: An analysis of racial disparity in the pretrial stages of Case Processing in a midwestern county
Justice Quarterly, 1999Co-Authors: Jon R. Sorensen, Donald H. WallaceAbstract:In the 1987 Case of McCleskey v. Kemp, the U.S. Supreme Court appeared to foreclose the possibility of challenging racial bias in capital sentencing by using statistically based claims of discrimination. McCleskey, however, does not prevent a challenge to decisions made by particular individuals during the capital punishment process. In this study we examined pretrial decisions made by, or under the direction of, one prosecutor to determine whether those decisions had been influenced by race. We found that homicide Cases involving black defendants and white victims fared worse than other racial combinations in all of the pretrial decisions made: They were more likely to result in first-degree murder charges, to be served notice of aggravating circumstances, and to proceed to capital trial.
Randy R Gainey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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images of danger and culpability racial stereotyping Case Processing and criminal sentencing
Criminology, 2005Co-Authors: Sara Steen, Rodney L Engen, Randy R GaineyAbstract:In this paper we argue that the meaning of race in criminal justice decision making will vary depending on other offender and offense characteristics, and that differences in treatment within races may therefore be as large as differences between races. We find that, among adult drug offenders from Washington State, those white offenders who most closely resemble the stereotype of a dangerous drug offender receive significantly harsher treatment than other white offending groups, while among black offenders, it is the defendants who least resemble a dangerous drug offender who receive substantially different—in this Case, less punitive—treatment than other black offenders. That is, the exceptions are made for the most serious and the least serious offenders. We discuss the implications of these findings.
Lisa L. Sample - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Have Federal Sentencing Guidelines Reduced Severity? An Examination of One Circuit
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2001Co-Authors: Kimberly Kempf-leonard, Lisa L. SampleAbstract:Congress intended to make the sentencing process less discretionary and more equitable for similarly situated defendants when it passed the U.S. Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. Sentencing guidelines were devised to promote these changes. After more than a decade of implementation, however, little is known about the impact of the new policy. This paper examines sentences given between 1993 and 1994 in one federal circuit in an effort to determine whether this policy instrument has achieved success. The theoretical model of a rational Case Processing system (Gottfredson and Gottfredson, 1980) is used to guide the interpretation of our findings and the recommendations we offer for improvements.
Terrance J Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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racial bias in Case Processing does victim race affect police clearance of violent crime incidents
Justice Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Terrance J Taylor, David Holleran, Volkan TopalliAbstract:Prior studies have illustrated racial differences in perceptions of police legitimacy. African‐Americans’ views, however, appear to be complex, shaped by perceptions of over‐enforcement of crimes committed by African‐American offenders coupled with under‐enforcement of crimes involving African‐American victims. Using data from the 2002 National Incident‐Based Reporting System, we examine whether victim race (alone, and in combination with offender race) affects police Case clearance of four types of violent criminal incidents (homicide, aggravated assault, rape, and robbery) as a potential explanation of African‐Americans’ reduced levels of support for the police. Results suggest that the race of the victim, particularly in combination with the race of the offender, is related to police clearance of violent criminal incidents, but that this relationship is not as strong as those between agency, offense type, and situational characteristics of the incident. Implications for research and policy on police—co...