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Laure Papoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk Factors for Cortical, Nuclear, and Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts: The POLA Study
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2000Co-Authors: Cécile Delcourt, Claude L. Léger, Françoise Michel, Jean Paul Cristol, Frédéric J. Tessier, Laure PapozAbstract:: The POLA (Pathologies Oculaires Liees a L'Age) Study is a population-based study of cataract and age-related macular degeneration and their risk factors being carried out among 2,584 residents of Sete, southern France, aged 60-95 years. Recruitment took place between June 1995 and July 1997. Cataract classification was based on a standardized lens examination by slit lamp, according to Lens Opacities Classification System III. This paper presents results obtained from cross-sectional analysis of the first phase of the study. In polytomous logistic regression analyses, an increased risk of cataract was found for female sex (cataract surgery: odds ratio (OR) = 3.03; cortical cataract: OR = 1.67), brown irises (cortical, nuclear, and mixed Cataracts: OR = 1.61), smoking (cataract surgery: OR = 2.34 for current smokers and OR = 3.75 for former smokers), known diabetes of 10 or more years' duration (posterior subcapsular, cortical, and mixed Cataracts and cataract surgery: OR = 2.72), use of oral corticosteroids for at least 5 years (posterior subcapsular cataract: OR = 3.25), asthma or chronic bronchitis (cataract surgery: OR = 2.04), cancer (posterior subcapsular cataract: OR = 1.92), and cardiovascular disease (cortical cataract: OR = 1.96). Decreased risk of cataract was found with higher education (all types of cataract and cataract surgery: OR = 0.59), hypertension (cataract surgery: OR = 0.57), and high plasma retinol levels (nuclear and mixed Cataracts and cataract surgery: OR = 0.75 for a 1-standard-deviation increase). Most of the risk factors identified in this study confirm the findings of other studies. The association of cataract with plasma retinol level requires further investigation.
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Light exposure and the risk of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts: the Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) study.
Archives of Ophthalmology, 2000Co-Authors: Cécile Delcourt, Isabelle Carrière, Alice Ponton-sanchez, Annie Lacroux, Marie-josé Covacho, Laure PapozAbstract:Background Exposure to light may be an important risk factor for the development of Cataracts. Objective To present the relation of ambient solar radiation and professional and leisure exposures to light with the different types of Cataracts. Methods Pathologies Oculaires Liees a l'Age (POLA) is a population-based study on cataract and age-related macular degeneration and their risk factors in 2584 residents of Sete (southern France). Cataract classification was based on lens examination at slitlamp according to Lens Opacities Classification System III. A questionnaire about light exposure was administered. Results After multivariate adjustment, participants who had higher ambient solar radiation had a 2.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.0), 4.0-fold (95% CI, 2.0-8.0), and 2.9-fold (95% CI, 1.5-5.3) increased risk of cortical and mixed cataract and cataract surgery, respectively. Solar ambient radiation was not significantly associated with posterior subcapsular and nuclear Cataracts. By contrast, posterior subcapsular Cataracts were significantly associated with professional exposure to sunlight (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01-2.63) and frequent use of sunglasses (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.90). Mixed cataract was also associated with professional exposure to artificial light (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.03-8.82). Conclusion Our study further confirms the role of sunlight exposure in the pathogenesis of cataract, in particular in its cortical localization.
Tien Yin Wong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metabolic syndrome and risk of age related cataract over time an analysis of interval censored data using a random effects model
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2013Co-Authors: Haleh Ghaem Maralani, Tien Yin Wong, Bee Choo Tai, Shyong E Tai, Jie Jin Wang, Paul MitchellAbstract:Purpose To investigate whether the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on the incidence of different cataract subtypes (cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataract [PSC]) change with time. Methods A prospective cohort of persons 49 years of age and older were followed over 10 years in the Blue Mountains Eye Study, west of Sydney, Australia. MetS components as defined by the International Diabetes Federation criteria were measured at baseline (1992-1994), after 5 years (1997-1999), and after 10 years (2002-2004). The incidence of different cataract subtypes was obtained from standard photographic grading at these intervals (n = 1997). Using a random-effects complementary log-log regression model with time to cataract development in discrete time interval, we estimated the effect of MetS and its components on the incidence of different cataract subtypes at different time intervals. Results After accounting for changes in MetS components over time and controlling for possible confounders, MetS was found to be associated with an increased 5-year incidence of cortical cataract (hazard ratio [HR] 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.09) and PSC cataract (HR 1.75; 95% CI, 1.01-3.04). Among the five MetS components, high glucose and obesity predicted an increased 5-year incidence of cortical cataract. In addition, low high-density lipoprotein and high glucose were associated with an increased 10-year incidence of cortical and PSC Cataracts, respectively. Conclusions Changes in MetS predicted the 5-year incidence of cortical and PSC Cataracts. Different MetS components predicted the incidence of cortical and PSC Cataracts at varying time intervals.
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Relation of ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts: the Beaver Dam Eye Study
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2002Co-Authors: Tien Yin Wong, B. E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Sandra C. TomanyAbstract:Background: The consequences of minor ocular trauma in the general population are unclear. The relation of self reported ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts is described in a defined population. Methods: Population based, cross sectional study involving all people aged 43 to 86 years, living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin (n=4926). Ocular trauma was ascertained by interview and cataract was graded from lens photographs. The relation of ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts was examined. Results: People with a history of ocular trauma were more likely to have cortical (odds ratio (OR): 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0 to 2.2) and posterior subcapsular (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.1) Cataracts, compared to people without a history of trauma. These associations were stronger for people with previous trauma caused by a blunt object (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.6 to 6.9 for cortical cataract, and OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5 to 10.8 for posterior subcapsular Cataracts). However, in analyses comparing the frequencies of cataract between traumatised and non-traumatised eyes among people with unilateral ocular trauma, the ocular trauma association for cortical cataract was no longer present, although the association for posterior subcapsular cataract persisted (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 0.8 to 7.8). Conclusion: The data provide evidence of a possible association between self reported ocular trauma and posterior subcapsular cataract.
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refractive errors and incident Cataracts the beaver dam eye study
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2001Co-Authors: Ronald Klein, Sandra C. Tomany, Tien Yin Wong, Barbara E K Klein, Kristine E LeeAbstract:PURPOSE. To describe the relation between refractive errors and incident age-related Cataracts in a predominantly white US population. METHODS. All persons aged 43 to 84 years of age in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, were invited for a baseline examination from 1988 through 1990 and a follow-up examination 5 years later from 1993 through 1995. At both examinations, participants had refraction and photographic assessment of cataract, according to a standardized protocol. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of - 1.0 diopters (D) or less, hyperopia as + 1.0 D or more. The relations between refractive errors at baseline and cataract at baseline (prevalent cataract), 5-year incident cataract, and incident cataract surgery were analyzed by using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS. When age and gender were controlled for, myopia was related to prevalent nuclear cataract (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.27), but not to cortical and posterior subcapsular Cataracts. Myopia was not related to 5-year incident nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts, but was related to incident cataract surgery (OR 1.89; CI 1.18-3.04). Hyperopia was related to incident nuclear (OR 1.56; CI 1.25-1.95) and possibly cortical (()R 1.25; CI 0.96-1.63) Cataracts, but not to posterior subcapsular cataract or cataract surgery. After further adjustment for diabetes, smoking, and education, the association between myopia and incident cataract surgery was attenuated (OR 1.60 CI 0.96-2.64), but the associations between hyperopia and incident nuclear and cortical Cataracts were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS. These data support the cross-sectional association between myopia and nuclear cataract seen in other population-based studies, but provide no evidence of a relationship between myopia and 5-year incident cataract. Hyperopia may be related weakly to incident nuclear and cortical cataract.
Cécile Delcourt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk Factors for Cortical, Nuclear, and Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts: The POLA Study
American Journal of Epidemiology, 2000Co-Authors: Cécile Delcourt, Claude L. Léger, Françoise Michel, Jean Paul Cristol, Frédéric J. Tessier, Laure PapozAbstract:: The POLA (Pathologies Oculaires Liees a L'Age) Study is a population-based study of cataract and age-related macular degeneration and their risk factors being carried out among 2,584 residents of Sete, southern France, aged 60-95 years. Recruitment took place between June 1995 and July 1997. Cataract classification was based on a standardized lens examination by slit lamp, according to Lens Opacities Classification System III. This paper presents results obtained from cross-sectional analysis of the first phase of the study. In polytomous logistic regression analyses, an increased risk of cataract was found for female sex (cataract surgery: odds ratio (OR) = 3.03; cortical cataract: OR = 1.67), brown irises (cortical, nuclear, and mixed Cataracts: OR = 1.61), smoking (cataract surgery: OR = 2.34 for current smokers and OR = 3.75 for former smokers), known diabetes of 10 or more years' duration (posterior subcapsular, cortical, and mixed Cataracts and cataract surgery: OR = 2.72), use of oral corticosteroids for at least 5 years (posterior subcapsular cataract: OR = 3.25), asthma or chronic bronchitis (cataract surgery: OR = 2.04), cancer (posterior subcapsular cataract: OR = 1.92), and cardiovascular disease (cortical cataract: OR = 1.96). Decreased risk of cataract was found with higher education (all types of cataract and cataract surgery: OR = 0.59), hypertension (cataract surgery: OR = 0.57), and high plasma retinol levels (nuclear and mixed Cataracts and cataract surgery: OR = 0.75 for a 1-standard-deviation increase). Most of the risk factors identified in this study confirm the findings of other studies. The association of cataract with plasma retinol level requires further investigation.
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Light exposure and the risk of cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts: the Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) study.
Archives of Ophthalmology, 2000Co-Authors: Cécile Delcourt, Isabelle Carrière, Alice Ponton-sanchez, Annie Lacroux, Marie-josé Covacho, Laure PapozAbstract:Background Exposure to light may be an important risk factor for the development of Cataracts. Objective To present the relation of ambient solar radiation and professional and leisure exposures to light with the different types of Cataracts. Methods Pathologies Oculaires Liees a l'Age (POLA) is a population-based study on cataract and age-related macular degeneration and their risk factors in 2584 residents of Sete (southern France). Cataract classification was based on lens examination at slitlamp according to Lens Opacities Classification System III. A questionnaire about light exposure was administered. Results After multivariate adjustment, participants who had higher ambient solar radiation had a 2.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.0), 4.0-fold (95% CI, 2.0-8.0), and 2.9-fold (95% CI, 1.5-5.3) increased risk of cortical and mixed cataract and cataract surgery, respectively. Solar ambient radiation was not significantly associated with posterior subcapsular and nuclear Cataracts. By contrast, posterior subcapsular Cataracts were significantly associated with professional exposure to sunlight (odds ratio [OR], 1.63; 95% CI, 1.01-2.63) and frequent use of sunglasses (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.90). Mixed cataract was also associated with professional exposure to artificial light (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.03-8.82). Conclusion Our study further confirms the role of sunlight exposure in the pathogenesis of cataract, in particular in its cortical localization.
Ronald Klein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relation of ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts: the Beaver Dam Eye Study
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2002Co-Authors: Tien Yin Wong, B. E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Sandra C. TomanyAbstract:Background: The consequences of minor ocular trauma in the general population are unclear. The relation of self reported ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts is described in a defined population. Methods: Population based, cross sectional study involving all people aged 43 to 86 years, living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin (n=4926). Ocular trauma was ascertained by interview and cataract was graded from lens photographs. The relation of ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts was examined. Results: People with a history of ocular trauma were more likely to have cortical (odds ratio (OR): 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0 to 2.2) and posterior subcapsular (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.1) Cataracts, compared to people without a history of trauma. These associations were stronger for people with previous trauma caused by a blunt object (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.6 to 6.9 for cortical cataract, and OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5 to 10.8 for posterior subcapsular Cataracts). However, in analyses comparing the frequencies of cataract between traumatised and non-traumatised eyes among people with unilateral ocular trauma, the ocular trauma association for cortical cataract was no longer present, although the association for posterior subcapsular cataract persisted (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 0.8 to 7.8). Conclusion: The data provide evidence of a possible association between self reported ocular trauma and posterior subcapsular cataract.
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refractive errors and incident Cataracts the beaver dam eye study
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2001Co-Authors: Ronald Klein, Sandra C. Tomany, Tien Yin Wong, Barbara E K Klein, Kristine E LeeAbstract:PURPOSE. To describe the relation between refractive errors and incident age-related Cataracts in a predominantly white US population. METHODS. All persons aged 43 to 84 years of age in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, were invited for a baseline examination from 1988 through 1990 and a follow-up examination 5 years later from 1993 through 1995. At both examinations, participants had refraction and photographic assessment of cataract, according to a standardized protocol. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of - 1.0 diopters (D) or less, hyperopia as + 1.0 D or more. The relations between refractive errors at baseline and cataract at baseline (prevalent cataract), 5-year incident cataract, and incident cataract surgery were analyzed by using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS. When age and gender were controlled for, myopia was related to prevalent nuclear cataract (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.27), but not to cortical and posterior subcapsular Cataracts. Myopia was not related to 5-year incident nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts, but was related to incident cataract surgery (OR 1.89; CI 1.18-3.04). Hyperopia was related to incident nuclear (OR 1.56; CI 1.25-1.95) and possibly cortical (()R 1.25; CI 0.96-1.63) Cataracts, but not to posterior subcapsular cataract or cataract surgery. After further adjustment for diabetes, smoking, and education, the association between myopia and incident cataract surgery was attenuated (OR 1.60 CI 0.96-2.64), but the associations between hyperopia and incident nuclear and cortical Cataracts were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS. These data support the cross-sectional association between myopia and nuclear cataract seen in other population-based studies, but provide no evidence of a relationship between myopia and 5-year incident cataract. Hyperopia may be related weakly to incident nuclear and cortical cataract.
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diabetes cardiovascular disease selected cardiovascular disease risk factors and the 5 year incidence of age related cataract and progression of lens opacities the beaver dam eye study
American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1998Co-Authors: Barbara E K Klein, Ronald Klein, Kristine E LeeAbstract:PURPOSE: To describe the relationships of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and selected cardiovascular disease risk factors to cumulative incidence of age-related cataract and to progression of lens opacities over a 5-year interval. METHODS: A follow-up examination of the Beaver Dam Eye Study cohort was performed 5 years after the baseline evaluation. Ages at the census prior to baseline ranged from 43 to 84 years of age. Protocols for examination, lens photography, and grading were the same for both examinations. RESULTS: Age at baseline was the most significant characteristic associated with incidence of nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataract in those without diabetes (P < .001) for all Cataracts. The positive association of age with cataract was found for nuclear and cortical cataract in the worse eye (P ≤ .04) but not posterior subcapsular cataract in those with diabetes. Progression of nuclear sclerosis was common, occurring in about 70% of subjects when considering either eye. Incident cortical and posterior subcapsular Cataracts (P ≤ .001 for worse eye for each lesion) and progression of cortical and posterior subcapsular opacities were more common in those with diabetes (P ≤ .001 for either eye for each lesion). Increased glycated hemoglobin level was associated with increased risk of nuclear and cortical Cataracts in those with diabetes. Relationships of risk factors to posterior subcapsular Cataracts, especially among those with diabetes, were often in the expected direction but lacked significance possibly due to small samples. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes mellitus is associated with incidence over 5 years of cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract and with progression of more minor cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities. These changes may be related to level of glycemia. Cardiovascular disease and its risk factors have little effect on incidence of any age-related cataract.
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Correlates of lens thickness: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 1998Co-Authors: B. E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Scot E. MossAbstract:PURPOSE. To evaluate the relationships of lens thickness to age, to the presence of a nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular cataract. and to other personal characteristics in participants in the Beaver Darn Eye Study. METHODS. Slit lamp photographs taken during a population-based prevalence study were measured for lens thickness. In addition, slit lamp photographs were graded for nuclear Cataracts, and retroillumination photographs were graded for cortical and posterior subcapsular Cataracts. A questionnaire was administered, and height, weight. and blood pressure were measured by protocol. RESULTS. Lens thickness increased systematically with age in men and women. In multivariate analysis, age, sex (male), cortical cataract, diabetes, nuclear cataract, and former cigarette smoking were related significantly to lens thickness. CONCLUSIONS. Age was the most significant personal characteristic associated with lens thickness among those subjects considered. In addition, other characteristics, including specific cataract types and risk factors for Cataracts, also were associated with thickness. Whether lens thickness among people of the same age is associated prospectively with these characteristics requires a longitudinal follow-up.
Sandra C. Tomany - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relation of ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts: the Beaver Dam Eye Study
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2002Co-Authors: Tien Yin Wong, B. E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Sandra C. TomanyAbstract:Background: The consequences of minor ocular trauma in the general population are unclear. The relation of self reported ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts is described in a defined population. Methods: Population based, cross sectional study involving all people aged 43 to 86 years, living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin (n=4926). Ocular trauma was ascertained by interview and cataract was graded from lens photographs. The relation of ocular trauma to cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts was examined. Results: People with a history of ocular trauma were more likely to have cortical (odds ratio (OR): 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0 to 2.2) and posterior subcapsular (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.1) Cataracts, compared to people without a history of trauma. These associations were stronger for people with previous trauma caused by a blunt object (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.6 to 6.9 for cortical cataract, and OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5 to 10.8 for posterior subcapsular Cataracts). However, in analyses comparing the frequencies of cataract between traumatised and non-traumatised eyes among people with unilateral ocular trauma, the ocular trauma association for cortical cataract was no longer present, although the association for posterior subcapsular cataract persisted (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 0.8 to 7.8). Conclusion: The data provide evidence of a possible association between self reported ocular trauma and posterior subcapsular cataract.
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refractive errors and incident Cataracts the beaver dam eye study
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2001Co-Authors: Ronald Klein, Sandra C. Tomany, Tien Yin Wong, Barbara E K Klein, Kristine E LeeAbstract:PURPOSE. To describe the relation between refractive errors and incident age-related Cataracts in a predominantly white US population. METHODS. All persons aged 43 to 84 years of age in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, were invited for a baseline examination from 1988 through 1990 and a follow-up examination 5 years later from 1993 through 1995. At both examinations, participants had refraction and photographic assessment of cataract, according to a standardized protocol. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of - 1.0 diopters (D) or less, hyperopia as + 1.0 D or more. The relations between refractive errors at baseline and cataract at baseline (prevalent cataract), 5-year incident cataract, and incident cataract surgery were analyzed by using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS. When age and gender were controlled for, myopia was related to prevalent nuclear cataract (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.27), but not to cortical and posterior subcapsular Cataracts. Myopia was not related to 5-year incident nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular Cataracts, but was related to incident cataract surgery (OR 1.89; CI 1.18-3.04). Hyperopia was related to incident nuclear (OR 1.56; CI 1.25-1.95) and possibly cortical (()R 1.25; CI 0.96-1.63) Cataracts, but not to posterior subcapsular cataract or cataract surgery. After further adjustment for diabetes, smoking, and education, the association between myopia and incident cataract surgery was attenuated (OR 1.60 CI 0.96-2.64), but the associations between hyperopia and incident nuclear and cortical Cataracts were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS. These data support the cross-sectional association between myopia and nuclear cataract seen in other population-based studies, but provide no evidence of a relationship between myopia and 5-year incident cataract. Hyperopia may be related weakly to incident nuclear and cortical cataract.