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Yulia V Ivashchenko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stretching the truth: length data highlight falsification of Japanese sperm whale Catch Statistics in the Southern Hemisphere.
Royal Society open science, 2016Co-Authors: Phillip J Clapham, Yulia V IvashchenkoAbstract:Falsification of reports on Japanese Catches of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) is known to have occurred at both land whaling stations and in North Pacific factory fleets. Here, we conduct an analysis of pelagic sperm whale Catches in the Southern Hemisphere: we compare true Soviet length data from the Yuri Dolgorukiy factory fleet during 1960-1975 to data for the same period reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) by Japan. Prior to implementation of the International Observer Scheme (IOS) in 1972, the Soviet fleet killed 5536 females, of which only 153 (2.8%) were at or above the minimum legal length of 11.6 m. During the same period, Japan killed 5799 females and reported that 5686 (98.5%) were of legal size, with 88.5% of the entire length distribution reported as being between 11.6 and 12.0 m. This unrealistic distribution, together with the fact that Japanese fleets were supposedly able to Catch 37 times the number of legal-sized females as the Soviet fleet, indicates extensive falsification of Catch data by Japan. Further evidence of misreporting is that females >11.5 m dropped to 9.1% of the Japanese Catch after 1971, when the IOS made cheating much more difficult. That 99.6% of 10 433 males in the pre-IOS Catch were also reported to be of legal size, indicates that illegal Catches were not confined to females. We caution that the Japanese sperm whale data in the IWC Catch Database are unreliable and should not be used in population assessments. The ease with which illegal Catches were apparently made underscores the past failures of the IWC to effectively regulate whaling.
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stretching the truth length data highlight falsification of japanese sperm whale Catch Statistics in the southern hemisphere
Royal Society Open Science, 2016Co-Authors: Phillip J Clapham, Yulia V IvashchenkoAbstract:Falsification of reports on Japanese Catches of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) is known to have occurred at both land whaling stations and in North Pacific factory fleets. Here, we conduct a...
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what s the Catch validity of whaling data for japanese Catches of sperm whales in the north pacific
Royal Society Open Science, 2015Co-Authors: Yulia V Ivashchenko, Phillip J ClaphamAbstract:The failure of international efforts to manage commercial whaling was exemplified by revelations of large-scale illegal whale Catches by the USSR over a 30 year period following World War II. Falsifications of Catch data have also been reported for Japanese coastal whaling, but to date there has been no investigation of the reliability of Catch Statistics for Japanese pelagic (factory fleet) whaling operations. Here, we use data of known reliability from Soviet whaling industry reports to show that body lengths reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) by Japanese factory fleets for female sperm whales caught in the North Pacific are not credible. In 1968/1969, Japanese whaling fleets in the North Pacific killed 1568 females, of which 1525 (97.3%) were reported as being at or above the IWC's minimum length of 11.6 m (legal-sized females, LSFs). By contrast, Soviet fleets operating during this period killed 12 578 females; only 824 (6.6%) were LSFs. Adjusting for effort, Catches of LSFs were up to 9.1 times higher for Japan compared with the USSR, and even higher for very large females. Dramatic differences in body length Statistics were evident when both nations operated in the same area. Significantly, the frequency of LSFs and very large females in the Japanese Catch markedly declined after the IWC's International Observer Scheme in 1972 made illegal whaling more difficult. We conclude that the Japanese length data reflect systematic falsification of Catch Statistics submitted to the IWC, with serious implications for the reliability of data used in current population assessments. The apparent ease with which Catch data were falsified in the past underscores the necessity of transparent and independent inspection procedures in any future commercial whaling.
Phillip J Clapham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stretching the truth: length data highlight falsification of Japanese sperm whale Catch Statistics in the Southern Hemisphere.
Royal Society open science, 2016Co-Authors: Phillip J Clapham, Yulia V IvashchenkoAbstract:Falsification of reports on Japanese Catches of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) is known to have occurred at both land whaling stations and in North Pacific factory fleets. Here, we conduct an analysis of pelagic sperm whale Catches in the Southern Hemisphere: we compare true Soviet length data from the Yuri Dolgorukiy factory fleet during 1960-1975 to data for the same period reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) by Japan. Prior to implementation of the International Observer Scheme (IOS) in 1972, the Soviet fleet killed 5536 females, of which only 153 (2.8%) were at or above the minimum legal length of 11.6 m. During the same period, Japan killed 5799 females and reported that 5686 (98.5%) were of legal size, with 88.5% of the entire length distribution reported as being between 11.6 and 12.0 m. This unrealistic distribution, together with the fact that Japanese fleets were supposedly able to Catch 37 times the number of legal-sized females as the Soviet fleet, indicates extensive falsification of Catch data by Japan. Further evidence of misreporting is that females >11.5 m dropped to 9.1% of the Japanese Catch after 1971, when the IOS made cheating much more difficult. That 99.6% of 10 433 males in the pre-IOS Catch were also reported to be of legal size, indicates that illegal Catches were not confined to females. We caution that the Japanese sperm whale data in the IWC Catch Database are unreliable and should not be used in population assessments. The ease with which illegal Catches were apparently made underscores the past failures of the IWC to effectively regulate whaling.
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stretching the truth length data highlight falsification of japanese sperm whale Catch Statistics in the southern hemisphere
Royal Society Open Science, 2016Co-Authors: Phillip J Clapham, Yulia V IvashchenkoAbstract:Falsification of reports on Japanese Catches of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) is known to have occurred at both land whaling stations and in North Pacific factory fleets. Here, we conduct a...
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what s the Catch validity of whaling data for japanese Catches of sperm whales in the north pacific
Royal Society Open Science, 2015Co-Authors: Yulia V Ivashchenko, Phillip J ClaphamAbstract:The failure of international efforts to manage commercial whaling was exemplified by revelations of large-scale illegal whale Catches by the USSR over a 30 year period following World War II. Falsifications of Catch data have also been reported for Japanese coastal whaling, but to date there has been no investigation of the reliability of Catch Statistics for Japanese pelagic (factory fleet) whaling operations. Here, we use data of known reliability from Soviet whaling industry reports to show that body lengths reported to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) by Japanese factory fleets for female sperm whales caught in the North Pacific are not credible. In 1968/1969, Japanese whaling fleets in the North Pacific killed 1568 females, of which 1525 (97.3%) were reported as being at or above the IWC's minimum length of 11.6 m (legal-sized females, LSFs). By contrast, Soviet fleets operating during this period killed 12 578 females; only 824 (6.6%) were LSFs. Adjusting for effort, Catches of LSFs were up to 9.1 times higher for Japan compared with the USSR, and even higher for very large females. Dramatic differences in body length Statistics were evident when both nations operated in the same area. Significantly, the frequency of LSFs and very large females in the Japanese Catch markedly declined after the IWC's International Observer Scheme in 1972 made illegal whaling more difficult. We conclude that the Japanese length data reflect systematic falsification of Catch Statistics submitted to the IWC, with serious implications for the reliability of data used in current population assessments. The apparent ease with which Catch data were falsified in the past underscores the necessity of transparent and independent inspection procedures in any future commercial whaling.
James M. Nance - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Three decades of U.S. Gulf of Mexico white shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus, commercial Catch Statistics
Marine Fisheries Review, 2014Co-Authors: Rick A. Hart, James M. NanceAbstract:Gulf of Mexico, white shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus, Catch Statistics have been collected by NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service for over 50 years. Recent occurrences such as natural and manmade disasters have raised awareness for the need to publish these types of data. Here we report shrimp data collected from 1984 to 2011. These 28 years of Catch history are the time series used in the most recent Gulf of Mexico white shrimp stock assessment. Fishing effort for this stock has fluctuated over the period reported, ranging from 54,675 to 162,952 days fished. Catch averaged 55.7 million pounds per year, increasing significantly over the times series. In addition, Catch rates have been increasing in recent years, with CPUE levels ranging from 315 lb/day fished in 2002, to 1,175 lb/ day fished in 2008. The high CPUE’s we have measured is one indication that the stock was not in decline during this time period. Consequently, we believe the decline in effort levels is due purely to economic factors. Current stock assessments are now using these baseline data to provide managers with further insights into the Gulf L. setiferus stocks
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The U.S. Gulf of Mexico Pink Shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Fishery: 50 Years of Commercial Catch Statistics
2012Co-Authors: Rick A. Hart, James M. Nance, James A. PrimroseAbstract:U.S. Gulf of Mexico, pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Catch Statistics have been collected by NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service, or its predecessor agency, for over 50 years. Recent events, including hurricanes and oil spills within the ecosystem of the fishery, have shown that documentation of these Catch data is of primary importance. Fishing effort for this stock has fluctuated over the 50-year period analyzed, ranging from 3,376 to 31,900 days fished, with the most recent years on record, 2008 and 2009, exhibiting declines up to 90% relative to the high levels recorded in the mid 1990’s. Our quantification of F. duorarum landings and Catch rates (CPUE) indicates Catch have been below the long-term average of about 12 million lb for all of the last 10 years on record. In contrast to Catch and effort, Catch rates have increased in recent years, with record CPUE levels measured in 2008 and 2009, of 1,340 and 1,144 lb per day fished, respectively. Our regression results revealed Catch was dependent upon fishing effort (F=98.48df=1, 48, p
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the u s gulf of mexico pink shrimp farfantepenaeus duorarum fishery 50 years of commercial Catch Statistics
2012Co-Authors: Rick A. Hart, James M. Nance, James A. PrimroseAbstract:U.S. Gulf of Mexico, pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, Catch Statistics have been collected by NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service, or its predecessor agency, for over 50 years. Recent events, including hurricanes and oil spills within the ecosystem of the fishery, have shown that documentation of these Catch data is of primary importance. Fishing effort for this stock has fluctuated over the 50-year period analyzed, ranging from 3,376 to 31,900 days fished, with the most recent years on record, 2008 and 2009, exhibiting declines up to 90% relative to the high levels recorded in the mid 1990’s. Our quantification of F. duorarum landings and Catch rates (CPUE) indicates Catch have been below the long-term average of about 12 million lb for all of the last 10 years on record. In contrast to Catch and effort, Catch rates have increased in recent years, with record CPUE levels measured in 2008 and 2009, of 1,340 and 1,144 lb per day fished, respectively. Our regression results revealed Catch was dependent upon fishing effort (F=98.48df=1, 48, p<0.001, r2=0.67), (Catch=1,623,378 + (520) × (effort)). High CPUE’s measured indicate stocks were not in decline prior to 2009, despite the decline in Catch. The decrease in Catch is attributed in large part to low effort levels caused by economical and not biological or habitat related conditions. Future stock assessments using these baseline data will provide further insights and management advice concerning the Gulf of Mexic
Daniel Pauly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The best Catch data that can possibly be? Rejoinder to Ye et al. “FAO's statistic data and sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture”
Marine Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel Pauly, Dirk ZellerAbstract:Abstract Here we reply to a commentary by Ye et al. (Mar. Policy 2017; Ye et al.) on our article (Pauly and Zeller, 2017 [2]) commenting on FAO's interpretation of current fisheries trends in SOFIA 2016 (The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture). We show how arguments such as FAO's Catch Statistics being “the best they can possibly be”, and other manifestations of FAO's difficulties in constructively engaging with comments compromises FAO's stated goal to engage with academia and civil society. This is particularly serious in an age where the value of an open scientific discourse is increasingly under threat, as is the food security of many poor countries in which fish supplied by domestic fisheries constitutes a strong component of local diets.
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Managing fisheries from space: Google Earth improves estimates of distant fish Catches
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2013Co-Authors: Dalal Al-abdulrazzak, Daniel PaulyAbstract:Abstract Global fisheries are overexploited worldwide, yet crucial Catch Statistics reported to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) by member countries remain unreliable. Recent advances in remote-sensing technology allow us to view fishing practices from space and mitigate gaps in Catch reporting. Here, we use Google Earth to count intertidal fishing weirs off the coast of six countries in the Persian Gulf, otherwise known as the Arabian Gulf. Although the name of this body of water remains contentious, we use the name used in Google Earth. Combining, in a Monte Carlo procedure, the number of weirs (after correcting for poor resolution and imagery availability) with assumptions about daily Catch and fishing season lengths, we estimate that 1900 (±79) weirs contribute to a regional Catch up to six times higher than the officially reported Catches of 5260 t. These results, which speak to the unreliability of officially reported fisheries Statistics, provide the first example of fisheries Catch estimates from space, and point to the potential for remote-sensing approaches to validate Catch Statistics and fisheries operations in general.
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richness of common names of brazilian marine fishes and its effect on Catch Statistics
Journal of Ethnobiology, 2005Co-Authors: Katia Meirelles Felizola Freire, Daniel PaulyAbstract:ABSTRACT The richness of common names of Brazilian marine fishes was studied based on a sample of 725 species, covering 67% of all marine fishes recorded in Brazil. The richness of names is considerable (mean = six common names per species) and is positively related to commercial importance and habitat type, with more names associated with exploited or reef-associated, pelagic, and demersal species. No names were associated with bathypelagic, bathydemersal, and benthopelagic fishes. This richness, while culturally and linguistically interesting, poses a problem for national Catch Statistics. Some species such as Aspistor quadriscutis, Cathorops spixii, and Genidens genidens were not listed in the Catch Statistics, but may have been caught for a long time without being recorded. Catches of Sardinella brasiliensis may be higher than what was officially reported, only due to the use of different common names. This may contribute to slow down the recovery process of this collapsed stock. Any attempt to asse...
Evgeny V. Romanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fine-scale Catch data reveal clusters of large predators in the pelagic realm
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Manuela Capello, Pascal Bach, Evgeny V. RomanovAbstract:The management and conservation of large pelagic fish commonly rely on fisheries data and thus crucially depend on our understanding of the fish response to the fishing gear. Stock assessment of both tropical and temperate tuna strongly leans on the Catch Statistics derived from pelagic longline fisheries. However, the role of the spatial distribution of Catches of tuna and byCatch species over the gear, which can affect the estimated tuna abundance, is still neglected. In this study, we analyzed data obtained from 147 instrumented pelagic longline sets equipped with hook timers and temperature depth recorders to characterize the distribution of hooking contacts and success at a fine temporal and spatial scale. Scientific surveys were carried out in the Central–South Pacific Ocean (French Polynesia), targeting tropical (Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus) and temperate (Thunnus alalunga) tuna. Data analysis based on spatial point processes and stochastic modeling demonstrate the presence of spatio-temporal...