The Experts below are selected from a list of 3168 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
R Sebastian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
reverse power management in a wind diesel system with a Battery energy storage
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2013Co-Authors: R SebastianAbstract:Abstract The subject of this paper is to present the modeling of a Wind Diesel Hybrid System (WDHS) comprising a Diesel Generator (DG), a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), the consumer Load, a Ni–Cd Battery based Energy Storage System (BESS) and a Distributed Control System (DCS). All the models of the previously mentioned components are presented and the performance of the WDHS is tested through simulation. Simulation results with graphs for frequency and voltage of the isolated power system, active powers generated/absorbed by the different elements and the Battery voltage/current/state of charge are presented for negative load and wind speed steps. The negative load step reduces the load consumed power to a level less than the WTG produced power, so that to balance active powers a negative DG power is needed (DG reverse power). As the DG speed governor cannot control system frequency in a DG reserve power situation, it is shown how the DCS orders the BESS to load artificially the system until the DG power falls in a positive power interval. The negative wind step decreases the WTG produced power, returning the power system to a situation where the needed DG power returns to positive, so that the BESS is not needed to load the system.
-
modelling and simulation of a high penetration wind diesel system with Battery energy storage
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2011Co-Authors: R SebastianAbstract:Wind Diesel Hybrid Systems (WDHS) are isolated power systems which combine Diesel Generators (DG) with Wind Turbine Generators (WTG). Depending on the generators which are supplying, high penetration (HP) WDHS have three operation modes: Diesel Only (DO), Wind Diesel (WD) and Wind Only (WO). The HP-WDHS presented in this article consists of a Diesel Engine (DE), a Synchronous Machine (SM), a Wind Turbine Generator, the consumer load, a Ni-Cd Battery based Energy Storage System (BESS) and a Dump Load. The DE can be engaged (DO and WD modes) or disengaged (WO mode) from the SM by means of a clutch. All the models of the previously mentioned components are presented and the performance of the WDHS has been tested through dynamic simulation. Simulation results with graphs for the frequency and voltage of the isolated power system, active powers generated/absorbed by the different elements and the Battery voltage/current/state of charge are presented for a load change in WO mode and for the transition from WO to WD mode in order to substitute a supplying BESS for the DE as the active power source.
-
effective active power control of a high penetration wind diesel system with a ni Cd Battery energy storage
Renewable Energy, 2010Co-Authors: R Sebastian, Pena R AlzolaAbstract:Abstract High penetration (HP) Wind Diesel Hybrid Systems (WDHS) have three modes of operation: Diesel Only (DO), Wind Diesel (WD) and Wind Only (WO). The HP-WDHS presented in this article consists of a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), a Diesel Generator (DG), the consumer Load, a Ni–Cd Battery based Energy Storage System (BESS), a discrete Dump Load (DL) and a Distributed Control System (DCS). The DG includes a friction clutch which allows the Diesel Engine (DE) to be engaged (DO and WD modes)/disengaged (WO mode) to the Synchronous Machine (SM). The DCS consists of a sensor node which measures the SM speed and active power, calculates the reference active power PREF necessary to balance the active power in the WDHS and communicates this PREF value through a message to the BESS and DL actuator nodes. In the WD mode both the DG and WTG supply active power to the system and the DE speed governor regulates the system frequency. However in an HP-WDHS the power produced by the WTG (PT) can be greater than the one consumed by the load (PL). This situation means a negative power in the DG (power inversion) with its speed governor unable to regulate frequency. To avoid this situation, the DCS must order coordinated power consumption to the BESS and DL in order to keep the DG produced power positive. In this article it is shown by simulation how the DCS manages both a temporary power inversion and a permanent one with the mandatory transition from WD to WO mode. The presented graphs for frequency, voltage, active powers of the system elements and Battery voltage/current show the effectiveness of the designed control.
Pena R Alzola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effective active power control of a high penetration wind diesel system with a ni Cd Battery energy storage
Renewable Energy, 2010Co-Authors: R Sebastian, Pena R AlzolaAbstract:Abstract High penetration (HP) Wind Diesel Hybrid Systems (WDHS) have three modes of operation: Diesel Only (DO), Wind Diesel (WD) and Wind Only (WO). The HP-WDHS presented in this article consists of a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), a Diesel Generator (DG), the consumer Load, a Ni–Cd Battery based Energy Storage System (BESS), a discrete Dump Load (DL) and a Distributed Control System (DCS). The DG includes a friction clutch which allows the Diesel Engine (DE) to be engaged (DO and WD modes)/disengaged (WO mode) to the Synchronous Machine (SM). The DCS consists of a sensor node which measures the SM speed and active power, calculates the reference active power PREF necessary to balance the active power in the WDHS and communicates this PREF value through a message to the BESS and DL actuator nodes. In the WD mode both the DG and WTG supply active power to the system and the DE speed governor regulates the system frequency. However in an HP-WDHS the power produced by the WTG (PT) can be greater than the one consumed by the load (PL). This situation means a negative power in the DG (power inversion) with its speed governor unable to regulate frequency. To avoid this situation, the DCS must order coordinated power consumption to the BESS and DL in order to keep the DG produced power positive. In this article it is shown by simulation how the DCS manages both a temporary power inversion and a permanent one with the mandatory transition from WD to WO mode. The presented graphs for frequency, voltage, active powers of the system elements and Battery voltage/current show the effectiveness of the designed control.
Yuzeng Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
synthesis of Cd oh cl hollow nano spiremes from a dipolar binary liquid system and their conversion to Cd oh 2 hollow nano spiremes
New Journal of Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Guorui Chen, Ying Wang, Peng Gao, Longqiang Wang, Di Bao, S Y Yang, Yujin Chen, Yuzeng SunAbstract:A new dipolar binary liquid strategy has been developed for Cd(OH)Cl hollow nano-spireme synthesis, in which different Cd(OH)Cl nanostructures including 1D nanostructures (nanorods, nanobelts, nanowires and nanorod arrays), 2D nanostructures (nanoplates), 3D nanostructures (nanocubes and hollow microspheres) have been easily obtained without using any templates or catalysts. A series of comparison experiments demonstrate that OH− and Cd2+ ion concentrations play significant roles for the nanostructures' formation in this dipolar binary liquid system. Through a simple anion-exchange process at room temperature, the as-prepared Cd(OH)Cl nanostructures (nanowires and hollow nano-spiremes, etc.) have been converted into the corresponding Cd(OH)2 1D nanostructures, in which the primary Cd(OH)Cl nano-frameworks can be preserved. Research of the electrochemical properties of Cd(OH)2 hollow nano-spiremes has demonstrated their high capacity as Ni–Cd Battery negative materials due to their interesting ordered hollow nanostructures.
Manoj Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
leaching kinetics of spent nickel cadmium Battery in sulphuric acid
Hydrometallurgy, 2016Co-Authors: Navneet Singh Randhawa, Kalpataru Gharami, Manoj KumarAbstract:Abstract Acid leaching process for recovering nickel and cadmium from spent Ni–Cd batteries consumes concentrated acid solution and operate at quite high temperature. The present paper reports improved nickel and cadmium recoveries in sulphuric acid leaching of Ni–Cd Battery powder at relatively lower temperatures. The spent Ni–Cd Battery powder containing about 69% Ni, 15% Cd and 0.94% Fe was leached in sulphuric acid varying the parameters viz., acid concentration, time, temperature and hydrogen peroxide addition. Dissolution of various nickel and cadmium phases present in Ni–Cd Battery powder was investigated by XRD analysis. The kinetics data conformed well to the shrinking core model and the dissolution rate was found to be controlled by surface chemical reaction. The leaching mechanism was further established by characterizing the leach residues for phase composition and morphology. The novelty of the present study was high recovery of nickel (96%) and cadmium (99.5%) by leaching of spent Ni–Cd batteries using dilute sulfuric acid (10 vol.%) at moderate temperature (328 K) showing potential for scale up trails. The leach liquor obtained in present study contained about 6–7 g/dm3 Cd2+, 26–28 g/dm3 Ni2+ and up to 0.34 g/dm3 Fe3+, and can be subjected to suitable purification and separation technique to recover pure cadmium and nickel metals/compounds.
Guorui Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
synthesis of Cd oh cl hollow nano spiremes from a dipolar binary liquid system and their conversion to Cd oh 2 hollow nano spiremes
New Journal of Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Guorui Chen, Ying Wang, Peng Gao, Longqiang Wang, Di Bao, S Y Yang, Yujin Chen, Yuzeng SunAbstract:A new dipolar binary liquid strategy has been developed for Cd(OH)Cl hollow nano-spireme synthesis, in which different Cd(OH)Cl nanostructures including 1D nanostructures (nanorods, nanobelts, nanowires and nanorod arrays), 2D nanostructures (nanoplates), 3D nanostructures (nanocubes and hollow microspheres) have been easily obtained without using any templates or catalysts. A series of comparison experiments demonstrate that OH− and Cd2+ ion concentrations play significant roles for the nanostructures' formation in this dipolar binary liquid system. Through a simple anion-exchange process at room temperature, the as-prepared Cd(OH)Cl nanostructures (nanowires and hollow nano-spiremes, etc.) have been converted into the corresponding Cd(OH)2 1D nanostructures, in which the primary Cd(OH)Cl nano-frameworks can be preserved. Research of the electrochemical properties of Cd(OH)2 hollow nano-spiremes has demonstrated their high capacity as Ni–Cd Battery negative materials due to their interesting ordered hollow nanostructures.