The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jan Frouz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of topsoil removal in restored heathland on soil fauna topsoil microstructure and Cellulose Decomposition implications for ecosystem restoration
    Biodiversity and Conservation, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jan Frouz, Václav Pižl, Karel Tajovský, Josef Starý, Ladislav Háněl, Rudy Van Diggelen, Jiři Kalcik
    Abstract:

    Communities of soil macrofauna, oribatid mites, and nematodes as well as vegetation and soil chemistry were studied on twelve plots representing three replicates of the following treatments: agricultural meadow, heathland, and heathland restored either by partial or complete topsoil removal 15 years earlier. We also studied the effect of soil macrofauna on Decomposition and the microstructure of the soil surface layer with litterbags in combination with the analysis of thin soil sections. The communities of soil macrofauna and oribatid mites significantly differed between agricultural meadows and heathlands. The partial and complete topsoil removal plots were more similar to heathlands with respect to macrofauna and to agricultural meadows with respect to oribatid mites. The density and diversity of soil macrofauna was higher in agricultural meadows than in heathlands; in particular, earthworms, litter transformers, root feeders, and microsaprophags were more abundant on meadows. Heathlands, in contrast, contained a much higher diversity of oribatid mites. The community structure of nematodes did not significantly differ among the treatments. Analysis of thin soil sections revealed a thick organic fermentation layer in heathlands, which was absent in agricultural meadows and only weakly developed in the topsoil removal plots. In agricultural meadows, litterbags and thin soil sections indicated that abundant macrofauna, including endogeic earthworms, were very effective in removing the litter from the soil surface and mixing it into the mineral soil. Possible effects of this soil mixing on restoration success are discussed.

  • Soil biota and upper soil layer development in two contrasting post-mining chronosequences
    Ecological Engineering, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jan Frouz, Beate Keplin, Václav Pižl, Karel Tajovský, Josef Starý, Alena Lukešová, Alena Nováková, Vladimír Balík, Ladislav Háněl, Jan Materna
    Abstract:

    Abstract Density and community composition of a wide spectrum of soil organisms (fungi, algae, testate amoebae, nematodes, enchytraeids, lumbricids, oribatid mites, diplopods, terrestrial isopods, collembolans and dipteran larvae), direct counts of bacteria, rate of Cellulose Decomposition and microstructure of upper soil layers were studied in two chronosequences of plots reclaimed from open-cast coal mining near Cottbus (Germany) and near Sokolov (Czech Republic). German plots were characterized by acidic sandy soils and afforested with pine, while the Czech plots possessed alkaline clay soils and were afforested with alder. In both chronosequences, density and species richness in most of investigated groups of soil biota gradually increased with increasing succession age. Typical pioneer species were found in initial stands of both chronosequences. Nevertheless, the initial stands supported poorer assemblages of soil biota in the Cottbus area than did those in the Sokolov area. The Cottbus area was characterized by a moor type of humus and by gradual uniform increase of abundances and species numbers of most studied groups of soil biota. On the contrary, moder type of humus and a more variable pattern of soil biota development during the course of succession were found in the Sokolov area. Slower development of soil biota in initial stages of succession in Cottbus is caused by unfavourable physical and chemical conditions of heap substrates, and by lower input and poor quality of litter in pine plantations.

Jacques Berthelin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Microbial Diversity During Cellulose Decomposition in Different Forest Stands: I. Microbial Communities and Environmental Conditions
    Microbial Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ariana Kubartová, Judicaël Moukoumi, Thierry Béguiristain, Jacques Ranger, Jacques Berthelin
    Abstract:

    We studied the effect of forest tree species on a community of decomposers that colonize Cellulose strips. Both fungal and bacterial communities were targeted in a native forest dominated by beech and oak and 30-year-old beech and spruce plantations, growing in similar ecological conditions in the Breuil-Chenue experimental forest site in Morvan (France). Microbial ingrowths from the 3rd to 10th month of strip Decomposition (May to December 2004) were studied. Community composition was assessed using temperature gradient gel electrophoresis with universal fungal (ITS1F, ITS2) and bacterial (1401r, 968f) primers. Soil temperature and moisture as well as fungal biomass were also measured to give additional information on Decomposition processes. Changing the dominant tree species had no significant influence in the number of decomposer species. However, decomposer community composition was clearly different. If compared to the native forest, where community composition highly differed, young monocultures displayed similar species structure for fungi and bacteria. Both species numbers and community composition evolved during the decay process. Time effect was found to be more important than tree species. Nevertheless, the actual environmental conditions and seasonal effect seemed to be even more determining factors for the development of microbial communities. The course and correlations of the explored variables often differed between tree species, although certain general trends were identified. Fungal biomass was high in summer, despite that species richness (SR) decreased and conversely, that high SR did not necessarily mean high biomass values. It can be concluded that the growth and development of the microbiological communities that colonized a model material in situ depended on the combination of physical and biological factors acting collectively and interdependently at the forest soil microsite.

Karel Tajovský - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of topsoil removal in restored heathland on soil fauna topsoil microstructure and Cellulose Decomposition implications for ecosystem restoration
    Biodiversity and Conservation, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jan Frouz, Václav Pižl, Karel Tajovský, Josef Starý, Ladislav Háněl, Rudy Van Diggelen, Jiři Kalcik
    Abstract:

    Communities of soil macrofauna, oribatid mites, and nematodes as well as vegetation and soil chemistry were studied on twelve plots representing three replicates of the following treatments: agricultural meadow, heathland, and heathland restored either by partial or complete topsoil removal 15 years earlier. We also studied the effect of soil macrofauna on Decomposition and the microstructure of the soil surface layer with litterbags in combination with the analysis of thin soil sections. The communities of soil macrofauna and oribatid mites significantly differed between agricultural meadows and heathlands. The partial and complete topsoil removal plots were more similar to heathlands with respect to macrofauna and to agricultural meadows with respect to oribatid mites. The density and diversity of soil macrofauna was higher in agricultural meadows than in heathlands; in particular, earthworms, litter transformers, root feeders, and microsaprophags were more abundant on meadows. Heathlands, in contrast, contained a much higher diversity of oribatid mites. The community structure of nematodes did not significantly differ among the treatments. Analysis of thin soil sections revealed a thick organic fermentation layer in heathlands, which was absent in agricultural meadows and only weakly developed in the topsoil removal plots. In agricultural meadows, litterbags and thin soil sections indicated that abundant macrofauna, including endogeic earthworms, were very effective in removing the litter from the soil surface and mixing it into the mineral soil. Possible effects of this soil mixing on restoration success are discussed.

  • Soil biota and upper soil layer development in two contrasting post-mining chronosequences
    Ecological Engineering, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jan Frouz, Beate Keplin, Václav Pižl, Karel Tajovský, Josef Starý, Alena Lukešová, Alena Nováková, Vladimír Balík, Ladislav Háněl, Jan Materna
    Abstract:

    Abstract Density and community composition of a wide spectrum of soil organisms (fungi, algae, testate amoebae, nematodes, enchytraeids, lumbricids, oribatid mites, diplopods, terrestrial isopods, collembolans and dipteran larvae), direct counts of bacteria, rate of Cellulose Decomposition and microstructure of upper soil layers were studied in two chronosequences of plots reclaimed from open-cast coal mining near Cottbus (Germany) and near Sokolov (Czech Republic). German plots were characterized by acidic sandy soils and afforested with pine, while the Czech plots possessed alkaline clay soils and were afforested with alder. In both chronosequences, density and species richness in most of investigated groups of soil biota gradually increased with increasing succession age. Typical pioneer species were found in initial stands of both chronosequences. Nevertheless, the initial stands supported poorer assemblages of soil biota in the Cottbus area than did those in the Sokolov area. The Cottbus area was characterized by a moor type of humus and by gradual uniform increase of abundances and species numbers of most studied groups of soil biota. On the contrary, moder type of humus and a more variable pattern of soil biota development during the course of succession were found in the Sokolov area. Slower development of soil biota in initial stages of succession in Cottbus is caused by unfavourable physical and chemical conditions of heap substrates, and by lower input and poor quality of litter in pine plantations.

Josef Starý - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of topsoil removal in restored heathland on soil fauna topsoil microstructure and Cellulose Decomposition implications for ecosystem restoration
    Biodiversity and Conservation, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jan Frouz, Václav Pižl, Karel Tajovský, Josef Starý, Ladislav Háněl, Rudy Van Diggelen, Jiři Kalcik
    Abstract:

    Communities of soil macrofauna, oribatid mites, and nematodes as well as vegetation and soil chemistry were studied on twelve plots representing three replicates of the following treatments: agricultural meadow, heathland, and heathland restored either by partial or complete topsoil removal 15 years earlier. We also studied the effect of soil macrofauna on Decomposition and the microstructure of the soil surface layer with litterbags in combination with the analysis of thin soil sections. The communities of soil macrofauna and oribatid mites significantly differed between agricultural meadows and heathlands. The partial and complete topsoil removal plots were more similar to heathlands with respect to macrofauna and to agricultural meadows with respect to oribatid mites. The density and diversity of soil macrofauna was higher in agricultural meadows than in heathlands; in particular, earthworms, litter transformers, root feeders, and microsaprophags were more abundant on meadows. Heathlands, in contrast, contained a much higher diversity of oribatid mites. The community structure of nematodes did not significantly differ among the treatments. Analysis of thin soil sections revealed a thick organic fermentation layer in heathlands, which was absent in agricultural meadows and only weakly developed in the topsoil removal plots. In agricultural meadows, litterbags and thin soil sections indicated that abundant macrofauna, including endogeic earthworms, were very effective in removing the litter from the soil surface and mixing it into the mineral soil. Possible effects of this soil mixing on restoration success are discussed.

  • Soil biota and upper soil layer development in two contrasting post-mining chronosequences
    Ecological Engineering, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jan Frouz, Beate Keplin, Václav Pižl, Karel Tajovský, Josef Starý, Alena Lukešová, Alena Nováková, Vladimír Balík, Ladislav Háněl, Jan Materna
    Abstract:

    Abstract Density and community composition of a wide spectrum of soil organisms (fungi, algae, testate amoebae, nematodes, enchytraeids, lumbricids, oribatid mites, diplopods, terrestrial isopods, collembolans and dipteran larvae), direct counts of bacteria, rate of Cellulose Decomposition and microstructure of upper soil layers were studied in two chronosequences of plots reclaimed from open-cast coal mining near Cottbus (Germany) and near Sokolov (Czech Republic). German plots were characterized by acidic sandy soils and afforested with pine, while the Czech plots possessed alkaline clay soils and were afforested with alder. In both chronosequences, density and species richness in most of investigated groups of soil biota gradually increased with increasing succession age. Typical pioneer species were found in initial stands of both chronosequences. Nevertheless, the initial stands supported poorer assemblages of soil biota in the Cottbus area than did those in the Sokolov area. The Cottbus area was characterized by a moor type of humus and by gradual uniform increase of abundances and species numbers of most studied groups of soil biota. On the contrary, moder type of humus and a more variable pattern of soil biota development during the course of succession were found in the Sokolov area. Slower development of soil biota in initial stages of succession in Cottbus is caused by unfavourable physical and chemical conditions of heap substrates, and by lower input and poor quality of litter in pine plantations.

Ladislav Háněl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of topsoil removal in restored heathland on soil fauna topsoil microstructure and Cellulose Decomposition implications for ecosystem restoration
    Biodiversity and Conservation, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jan Frouz, Václav Pižl, Karel Tajovský, Josef Starý, Ladislav Háněl, Rudy Van Diggelen, Jiři Kalcik
    Abstract:

    Communities of soil macrofauna, oribatid mites, and nematodes as well as vegetation and soil chemistry were studied on twelve plots representing three replicates of the following treatments: agricultural meadow, heathland, and heathland restored either by partial or complete topsoil removal 15 years earlier. We also studied the effect of soil macrofauna on Decomposition and the microstructure of the soil surface layer with litterbags in combination with the analysis of thin soil sections. The communities of soil macrofauna and oribatid mites significantly differed between agricultural meadows and heathlands. The partial and complete topsoil removal plots were more similar to heathlands with respect to macrofauna and to agricultural meadows with respect to oribatid mites. The density and diversity of soil macrofauna was higher in agricultural meadows than in heathlands; in particular, earthworms, litter transformers, root feeders, and microsaprophags were more abundant on meadows. Heathlands, in contrast, contained a much higher diversity of oribatid mites. The community structure of nematodes did not significantly differ among the treatments. Analysis of thin soil sections revealed a thick organic fermentation layer in heathlands, which was absent in agricultural meadows and only weakly developed in the topsoil removal plots. In agricultural meadows, litterbags and thin soil sections indicated that abundant macrofauna, including endogeic earthworms, were very effective in removing the litter from the soil surface and mixing it into the mineral soil. Possible effects of this soil mixing on restoration success are discussed.

  • Soil biota and upper soil layer development in two contrasting post-mining chronosequences
    Ecological Engineering, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jan Frouz, Beate Keplin, Václav Pižl, Karel Tajovský, Josef Starý, Alena Lukešová, Alena Nováková, Vladimír Balík, Ladislav Háněl, Jan Materna
    Abstract:

    Abstract Density and community composition of a wide spectrum of soil organisms (fungi, algae, testate amoebae, nematodes, enchytraeids, lumbricids, oribatid mites, diplopods, terrestrial isopods, collembolans and dipteran larvae), direct counts of bacteria, rate of Cellulose Decomposition and microstructure of upper soil layers were studied in two chronosequences of plots reclaimed from open-cast coal mining near Cottbus (Germany) and near Sokolov (Czech Republic). German plots were characterized by acidic sandy soils and afforested with pine, while the Czech plots possessed alkaline clay soils and were afforested with alder. In both chronosequences, density and species richness in most of investigated groups of soil biota gradually increased with increasing succession age. Typical pioneer species were found in initial stands of both chronosequences. Nevertheless, the initial stands supported poorer assemblages of soil biota in the Cottbus area than did those in the Sokolov area. The Cottbus area was characterized by a moor type of humus and by gradual uniform increase of abundances and species numbers of most studied groups of soil biota. On the contrary, moder type of humus and a more variable pattern of soil biota development during the course of succession were found in the Sokolov area. Slower development of soil biota in initial stages of succession in Cottbus is caused by unfavourable physical and chemical conditions of heap substrates, and by lower input and poor quality of litter in pine plantations.