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A. Giuliano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the fetal Cerebellar Vermis anatomy and biometric assessment using volume contrast imaging in the c plane vci c
    Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2005
    Co-Authors: F. Viñals, M. Munoz, R. Naveas, J. Shalper, A. Giuliano
    Abstract:

    Objectives To describe the normal appearance and study the biometry of the fetal Cerebellar Vermis by three-dimensional (3D) volume contrast imaging in the coronal (C-) plane (VCI-C). Methods A total of 203 normally developed fetuses were examined prospectively at 18–33 weeks' gestation. At the level of the view used to measure the transverse Cerebellar diameter (TCD), a VCI-C plane was displayed to examine, using a transabdominal probe, the fetal mid-saggital Vermis. The volumes acquired were stored for later review and measurement of the anteroposterior (AP) diameter, craniocaudal (CC) diameter and surface area of the Cerebellar Vermis. Each dataset was evaluated by two independent observers. Measurements as a function of gestational age (GA), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and TCD were expressed by regression equations. Interobserver variability was evaluated. Nomograms were produced. In order to validate the use of VCI in fetal biometry, datasets from 57 patients were selected arbitrarily for comparison of their VCI-C measurements with those from mid-sagittal sections of a stored 3D multiplanar examination. Intraclass correlation was used to evaluate the agreement between these measurements. Results The mean maternal age was 32 years. We were able to measure mid-sagittal CC diameter, mid-sagittal AP diameter and Cerebellar Vermis surface area in all fetuses. Interobserver variability analysis showed no significant differences between the two observers (P > 0.05). Measurements of the Cerebellar Vermis (AP diameter, CC diameter and surface area) correlated linearly with GA, BPD, HC and TCD (r ≥ 0.82, P < 0.0001). CC and AP diameters estimated from the mid-sagittal section of the multiplanar measurements were significantly correlated with VCI-C measurements (r = 0.96, P < 0.00001 and r = 0.95, P < 0.00001, respectively). Conclusions VCI-C is a valuable tool, allowing intrauterine assessment of the normal appearance of the fetal Cerebellar Vermis. The nomograms developed in this study should enable accurate evaluation of the Cerebellar Vermis. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • The fetal Cerebellar Vermis: anatomy and biometric assessment using volume contrast imaging in the C‐plane (VCI‐C)
    Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2005
    Co-Authors: F. Viñals, M. Munoz, R. Naveas, J. Shalper, A. Giuliano
    Abstract:

    Objectives To describe the normal appearance and study the biometry of the fetal Cerebellar Vermis by three-dimensional (3D) volume contrast imaging in the coronal (C-) plane (VCI-C). Methods A total of 203 normally developed fetuses were examined prospectively at 18–33 weeks' gestation. At the level of the view used to measure the transverse Cerebellar diameter (TCD), a VCI-C plane was displayed to examine, using a transabdominal probe, the fetal mid-saggital Vermis. The volumes acquired were stored for later review and measurement of the anteroposterior (AP) diameter, craniocaudal (CC) diameter and surface area of the Cerebellar Vermis. Each dataset was evaluated by two independent observers. Measurements as a function of gestational age (GA), biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC) and TCD were expressed by regression equations. Interobserver variability was evaluated. Nomograms were produced. In order to validate the use of VCI in fetal biometry, datasets from 57 patients were selected arbitrarily for comparison of their VCI-C measurements with those from mid-sagittal sections of a stored 3D multiplanar examination. Intraclass correlation was used to evaluate the agreement between these measurements. Results The mean maternal age was 32 years. We were able to measure mid-sagittal CC diameter, mid-sagittal AP diameter and Cerebellar Vermis surface area in all fetuses. Interobserver variability analysis showed no significant differences between the two observers (P > 0.05). Measurements of the Cerebellar Vermis (AP diameter, CC diameter and surface area) correlated linearly with GA, BPD, HC and TCD (r ≥ 0.82, P < 0.0001). CC and AP diameters estimated from the mid-sagittal section of the multiplanar measurements were significantly correlated with VCI-C measurements (r = 0.96, P < 0.00001 and r = 0.95, P < 0.00001, respectively). Conclusions VCI-C is a valuable tool, allowing intrauterine assessment of the normal appearance of the fetal Cerebellar Vermis. The nomograms developed in this study should enable accurate evaluation of the Cerebellar Vermis. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

S. Sakuma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spontaneous and ethyl-nitrosourea-induced medullomyoblastomas in Cerebellar Vermis defect (CVD) mutant rats.
    Acta neuropathologica, 2000
    Co-Authors: Mitsuru Kuwamura, Jyoji Yamate, T. Kotani, A. Shirota, A. Takada, S. Sakuma
    Abstract:

    A 26-week-old female Cerebellar Vermis defect (CVD) rat, a mutant with Cerebellar Vermis defect and Cerebellar dysplasia, developed a brain tumor about 10 mm in diameter. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of diffuse proliferation of small round to ovoid cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, occasionally containing round to strap-shaped myoblastic cells. Immunohistochemically, the small round cells expressed neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin, indicating neuronal differentiation; myoblastic components reacted to desmin, myoglobin, and vimentin. Based on these findings, the case was diagnosed as a medullomyoblastoma (MMB). Furthermore, two cerebella tumors in CVD rats, which were induced by transplacental application of ethyl-nitrosourea, showed histopathology similar to the aforementioned case. MMB is a very rare tumor in humans and animals; thus, it is noteworthy that MMBs developed in CVD rats, involving the dysplastic cerebellum with abnormal migration of external granule cells.

  • Cerebellar Vermis Defect: A New Neurological Mutation in the Rat
    The Journal of heredity, 1996
    Co-Authors: Mitsuru Kuwamura, Yoshida T, A. Ishida, Masaoki Tsudzuki, Yamate J, T. Kotani, S. Sakuma
    Abstract:

    A new neurological rat mutation showing hind-leg paralysis, Cerebellar Vermis defect, and Cerebellar cortical dysplasia was named "Cerebellar Vermis defect" (CVD). Pathologically, affected animals already had a small-sized cerebellum in newborns and started to show hind-leg paralysis at approximately 14 days of age. The CVD rat was fertile in both sexes. Genetic analysis indicated that the CVD character is controlled by an autosomal recessive gene with 100% penetrance. The proposed gene symbol is Cvd.

Diego Manzoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neuronal responses to tilt within the rat Cerebellar Vermis
    Brain Research Bulletin, 2008
    Co-Authors: Massimo Barresi, Luca Bruschini, Diego Manzoni
    Abstract:

    Abstract Cats corticoCerebellar units within the anterior Vermis are affected by the vestibular input and show directionally tuned responses. The aim of the study was investigating whether a similar representation of labyrinth signals was present in the rat Cerebellar Vermis by recording units activity during tilt and wobble rotations. The analysis of the neuronal discharge during both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) wobble allowed to determine the spatial (preferred direction) and temporal (response phase) response properties of the recorded neurons. Many units were affected by labyrinthine stimulation. “Bi-directional” units responded to both CW and CCW stimuli, being characterized by a direction of maximal sensitivity (θmax), the distribution of which covered all the sectors of the horizontal plane, with contralaterally pointing vectors more represented within the caudal part of the explored region. Differences in the amplitude of the CW and CCW responses indicated that neurons received a convergence of vestibular signals endowed with different spatial and temporal properties, a process that is expected to link their response phase with the tilt direction. Population vector analysis showed that recorded neurons coded both the amplitude and direction of head tilt during different types of rotational stimuli. In conclusion, the present results show that the processing of vestibular signals with complex spatiotemporal properties represents a general function of the mammalian Cerebellar Vermis, allowing accurate monitoring of head rotational movements (of the head) in vertical planes. Finally, in rats, different Cerebellar regions seem to receive specific vestibular inputs.

  • Neuronal responses to tilt within the rat Cerebellar Vermis.
    Brain research bulletin, 2008
    Co-Authors: Massimo Barresi, Luca Bruschini, Diego Manzoni
    Abstract:

    Cats corticoCerebellar units within the anterior Vermis are affected by the vestibular input and show directionally tuned responses. The aim of the study was investigating whether a similar representation of labyrinth signals was present in the rat Cerebellar Vermis by recording units activity during tilt and wobble rotations. The analysis of the neuronal discharge during both clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) wobble allowed to determine the spatial (preferred direction) and temporal (response phase) response properties of the recorded neurons. Many units were affected by labyrinthine stimulation. "Bi-directional" units responded to both CW and CCW stimuli, being characterized by a direction of maximal sensitivity (theta(max)), the distribution of which covered all the sectors of the horizontal plane, with contralaterally pointing vectors more represented within the caudal part of the explored region. Differences in the amplitude of the CW and CCW responses indicated that neurons received a convergence of vestibular signals endowed with different spatial and temporal properties, a process that is expected to link their response phase with the tilt direction. Population vector analysis showed that recorded neurons coded both the amplitude and direction of head tilt during different types of rotational stimuli. In conclusion, the present results show that the processing of vestibular signals with complex spatiotemporal properties represents a general function of the mammalian Cerebellar Vermis, allowing accurate monitoring of head rotational movements (of the head) in vertical planes. Finally, in rats, different Cerebellar regions seem to receive specific vestibular inputs.

Yasuo Iwadate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • GCT-45. YOLK SAC TUMOR IN THE Cerebellar Vermis - A CASE REPORT
    Neuro-Oncology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Saori Otake, Tomoo Matsutani, Yousuke Watanabe, Osamu Numata, Ryo Ando, Hidemasa Ochiai, Ikeda Junichiro, Yasuo Iwadate
    Abstract:

    Abstract Yolk sac tumor (YST) is a non-germinomatous malignant germ cell tumor in a young child. It usually arises along a midline axis, mostly pineal region or suprasellar compartment, and it is exceedingly rare to locate in a Cerebellar Vermis. In the present report, we describe a case of a pure YST located in the Cerebellar Vermis and review the previous literature. A three-year-old boy visited a local clinic for gait disturbance and frequent vomiting. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a homogeneously-enhanced mass with a cystic component in his Cerebellar Vermis, and it resulted in hydrocephalus. By its location and his age, our pre-operative diagnosis was a medulloblastoma, and we performed a total resection of the tumor with ventricular drainage. Unexpectedly, the histological investigation revealed it to be a YST. We confirmed that the serum levels of α-fetoprotein (AFP) had elevated at 3176.4 ng/ml in his preserved sample, obtained before the surgery, and it was consistent with the pathological diagnosis. He is receiving chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide, followed by radiation therapy. In this case, pre-operative MRI revealed that the tumor did not grow into the IVth ventricle in spite of midline location, which was not typical for medulloblastoma. Of note, serum AFP levels had increased, and they might contribute to a precise pre-operative diagnosis and be able to propose an alternative treatment plan, such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce surgical risk. As a conclusion, a YST should be considered even if it locates in a Cerebellar Vermis.

Allan L. Reiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • enlarged Cerebellar Vermis in williams syndrome
    Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2001
    Co-Authors: Eric J Schmitt, Stephan Eliez, Ilana S Warsofsky, Ursula Bellugi, Allan L. Reiss
    Abstract:

    Williams syndrome (WMS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by relative preservations of language ability and facial processing despite deficits in overall intelligence, problem solving, and visuospatial processing. Subjects with WMS also display hypersocial behavior and excessive linguistic affect during conversations and when giving narratives. Neuroimaging studies have shown global reductions in the brain volumes of subjects with WMS compared with normal controls, but with preservations in Cerebellar volume. This study examines the neuroanatomic structure of the Cerebellar Vermis in 20 subjects with WMS and 20 ageand gender-matched controls via high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. The Vermis was divided into lobules I–V, VI–VII, and VIII–X. Lobules VI–VII and VIII–X were both relatively enlarged in the WMS group, and after adjusting for the smaller size of the WMS brain, the posterior Vermis was significantly larger in WMS (Mann–Whitney z-value=4.27; P< 0.001). Given that reductions in posterior Vermis size have been implicated in flattened affect and autistic features, increased Vermis size in subjects with WMS may be related to the hypersociality and heightened affective expression characteristic of individuals with this genetic condition. # 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • Autistic features in Joubert syndrome: a genetic disorder with agenesis of the Cerebellar Vermis.
    Biological psychiatry, 1991
    Co-Authors: Suzanne Holroyd, Allan L. Reiss, R. Nick Bryan
    Abstract:

    Recent reports in the literature have suggested a link between abnormalities of the Cerebellar Vermis and the behavioral syndrome of autism. Joubert syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by partial or complete agenesis of the Cerebellar Vermis. However, there is little behavioral or psychiatric description of patients with this genetic condition. In this report, the neuropsychiatric characteristics of two children with Joubert syndrome are described in detail. One child met DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder, while the other displayed autistic features. The female child displayed stereotypic behavior and impairments in social interaction and communication, had a markedly restricted repertoire of interests, and showed distress over changes in the environment. The male child demonstrated perseveration and preoccupation with sounds and textures, but had no abnormalities in social interaction. Although both children showed developmental disabilities, the degree of cognitive delay was significantly less than that described in previous reports of children with Joubert syndrome. This report adds to the growing body of evidence implicating Cerebellar involvement in developmental disabilities and autistic behavior.