The Experts below are selected from a list of 34758 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Denis Quelo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Victor Winiarek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Teppei J Yasunari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cesium 137 deposition and contamination of japanese soils due to the fukushima nuclear accident
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011
    Co-Authors: R S Hayano, Andreas Stohl, John F Burkhart, Sabine Eckhardt, Teppei J Yasunari
    Abstract:

    The largest concern on the Cesium-137 (137Cs) deposition and its soil contamination due to the emission from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) showed up after a massive quake on March 11, 2011. Cesium-137 (137Cs) with a half-life of 30.1 y causes the largest concerns because of its deleterious effect on agriculture and stock farming, and, thus, human life for decades. Removal of 137Cs contaminated soils or land use limitations in areas where removal is not possible is, therefore, an urgent issue. A challenge lies in the fact that estimates of 137Cs emissions from the Fukushima NPP are extremely uncertain, therefore, the distribution of 137Cs in the environment is poorly constrained. Here, we estimate total 137Cs deposition by integrating daily observations of 137Cs deposition in each prefecture in Japan with relative deposition distribution patterns from a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, FLEXPART. We show that 137Cs strongly contaminated the soils in large areas of eastern and northeastern Japan, whereas western Japan was sheltered by mountain ranges. The soils around Fukushima NPP and neighboring prefectures have been extensively contaminated with depositions of more than 100,000 and 10,000 MBq km-2, respectively. Total 137Cs depositions over two domains: (i) the Japan Islands and the surrounding ocean (130–150 °E and 30–46 °N) and, (ii) the Japan Islands, were estimated to be more than 5.6 and 1.0 PBq, respectively. We hope our 137Cs deposition maps will help to coordinate decontamination efforts and plan regulatory measures in Japan.

Paolo Porto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the role of silvicultural systems and forest types in preventing soil erosion processes in mountain forests a methodological approach using Cesium 137 measurements
    Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018
    Co-Authors: Valeria Altieri, Silvio De Franco, Fabio Lombardi, Pasquale A Marziliano, Giuliano Menguzzato, Paolo Porto
    Abstract:

    Purpose Forests play a key role in providing protection against soil erosion. Particularly, the role of vertical forest structure in increasing rainfall interception capacity is crucial for mitigating raindrop impact and reducing splash and rill erosion. For this reason, studies on the relationships between forest structures, the past management, and the observed rates of soil loss are needed. In the last few decades, importance was given to the use of Cesium-137 (137Cs) as radioactive tracer to estimate soil erosion rates. The 137Cs technique is linked to the global fallout of bomb-derived radioCesium which occurred during a period extending from the mid 1950s to the late 1970s.

  • the role of silvicultural systems and forest types in preventing soil erosion processes in mountain forests a methodological approach using Cesium 137 measurements
    Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2018
    Co-Authors: Valeria Altieri, Silvio De Franco, Fabio Lombardi, Pasquale A Marziliano, Giuliano Menguzzato, Paolo Porto
    Abstract:

    Forests play a key role in providing protection against soil erosion. Particularly, the role of vertical forest structure in increasing rainfall interception capacity is crucial for mitigating raindrop impact and reducing splash and rill erosion. For this reason, studies on the relationships between forest structures, the past management, and the observed rates of soil loss are needed. In the last few decades, importance was given to the use of Cesium-137 (137Cs) as radioactive tracer to estimate soil erosion rates. The 137Cs technique is linked to the global fallout of bomb-derived radioCesium which occurred during a period extending from the mid 1950s to the late 1970s. The 137Cs technique, providing long-term retrospective estimates, could be related to forest treatments applied during the last decades in different sites, also considering the tree species composition. This approach could be useful to compare the effect of different canopy cover and biomass on soil erosion rates related to different tree species. In the work proposed here, a study area dominated by pine and beech high forests located in the Aspromonte Mountains (Calabria, Italy) was selected. The measurements, related to forest structural traits, focusing on canopy cover and biomass, and also on management approaches and forest types, are compared with rates of soil erosion provided by 137Cs. The overall results suggest that the minimum values of soil loss are documented in areas with higher canopy cover and biomass evidencing the protective effect provided by forests against soil erosion. Also, techniques based on the use of tracers like 137Cs proved to be helpful to select the best forest management options useful to optimize the protective role of forests, with the aim to reduce erosion processes in a long-term perspective. The experiment indicates that care must be taken when new silviculture treatments are planned. These findings are in agreement with what documented by other authors in similar environments but need further studies to confirm the effectiveness of using 137Cs in different forest ecosystems.

Masato Nishizawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Atmospheric behavior, deposition, and budget of radioactive materials from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011
    Geophysical Research Letters, 2011
    Co-Authors: Yuya Morino, Toshimasa Ohara, Masato Nishizawa
    Abstract:

    To understand the atmospheric behavior of radioactive materials emitted from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant after the nuclear accident that accompanied the great Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011, we simulated the transport and deposition of iodine-131 and Cesium-137 using a chemical transport model. The model roughly reproduced the observed temporal and spatial variations of deposition rates over 15 Japanese prefectures (60−400 km from the plant), including Tokyo, although there were some discrepancies between the simulated and observed rates. These discrepancies were likely due to uncertainties in the simulation of emission, transport, and deposition processes in the model. A budget analysis indicated that approximately 13% of iodine-131 and 22% of Cesium-137 were deposited over land in Japan, and the rest was deposited over the ocean or transported out of the model domain (700 � 700 km2). Radioactivity budgets are sensitive to temporal emission patterns. Accurate estimation of emissions to the air is important for estimation of the atmospheric behavior of radionuclides and their subsequent behavior in land water, soil, vegetation, and the ocean.