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Sankaralingam Arunachalam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Surfactant-cobalt(III) complexes: The impact of hydrophobicity on interaction with HSA and DNA - insights from experimental and theoretical approach.
    Colloids and surfaces. B Biointerfaces, 2017
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Sankaralingam Arunachalam
    Abstract:

    To develop Surfactant-based metallodrugs, it is very important to know about their hydrophobicity, micelle forming capacity, their interaction with biomacromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, and biological activities. Here, diethylenetriamine (dien) and tetradecylamine ligand (TA) based Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes with single Chain domain, [Co(dien)(TA)Cl2]ClO4 (1) and double Chain domain [Co(dien)(TA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (2) were chosen to study the effect of hydrophobicity on the interaction with human serum albumin and calf thymus DNA. The obtained results showed that (i) single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex (1) interact with HSA and DNA via electrostatic interaction and groove binding, respectively; (ii) double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex (2) interact with HSA and DNA via hydrophobic interaction and partial intercalation, respectively, due to the play of hydrophobicity by single and double Chain domains. Further it is noted that, double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex interact strongly with HSA and DNA, compared single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex due to their more hydrophobicity nature. DFT and molecular docking studies offer insights into the mechanism and mode of binding towards the molecular target CT-DNA and HSA. Hence, the present findings will create new avenue towards the use of hydrophobic metallodrugs for various therapeutic applications.

  • studies on the synthesis characterization human serum albumin binding and biological activity of single Chain Surfactant cobalt iii complexes
    Luminescence, 2016
    Co-Authors: G. Vignesh, K. Sugumar, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, S. Vignesh, Arthur R James, Renganathan Arun, Kumpati Premkumar
    Abstract:

    The interaction of Surfactant-cobalt(III) complexes [Co(bpy)(dien)TA](ClO4)3 · 3H2O (1) and [Co(dien)(phen)TA](ClO4)3 · 4H2O (2), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dien = diethylenetriamine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and TA = tetradecylamine with human serum albumin (HSA) under physiological conditions was analyzed using steady state, synchronous, 3D fluorescence, UV/visabsorption and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques. The results show that these complexes cause the fluorescence quenching of HSA through a static mechanism. The binding constant (Kb ) and number of binding-sites (n) were obtained at different temperatures. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S°) and Ea were also obtained. According to Forster's non-radiation energy transfer theory, the binding distance (r) between the complexes and HSA were calculated. The results of synchronous and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy indicate that the binding process has changed considerably the polarity around the fluorophores, along with changes in the conformation of the protein. The antimicrobial and anticancer activities of the complexes were tested and the results show that the complexes have good activities against pathogenic microorganisms and cancer cells.

  • single and double Chain Surfactant cobalt iii complexes the impact of hydrophobicity on the interaction with calf thymus dna and their biological activities
    RSC Advances, 2015
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Ponnuchamy Kumar, Chidambaram Anusha, Vilwanathan Ravikumar
    Abstract:

    Developing Surfactant based metal complexes as metallodrugs is a promising approach for which it is important to know the effect of their hydrophobic tail part on the interaction with biomacromolecules as well as on their biological activities. In this report we describe some Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes differing in their tail part and the effect of hydrophobicity of these complexes on their interaction with calf thymus DNA and on the cytotoxic activities. The obtained results along with molecular docking calculations show that the single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA via groove binding and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA through partial intercalation. In tune with this, double Chain systems show more anticancer activity as their hydrophobic tail part makes them effectively penetrate into the cell. So, this kind of tuning of the hydrophobicity of metallodrugs will lead to optimisation of the DNA binding and cytotoxicity behaviour.

  • Single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes: the impact of hydrophobicity on the interaction with calf thymus DNA, and their biological activities
    RSC Advances, 2015
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Ponnuchamy Kumar, Chidambaram Anusha, Vilwanathan Ravikumar
    Abstract:

    Developing Surfactant based metal complexes as metallodrugs is a promising approach for which it is important to know the effect of their hydrophobic tail part on the interaction with biomacromolecules as well as on their biological activities. In this report we describe some Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes differing in their tail part and the effect of hydrophobicity of these complexes on their interaction with calf thymus DNA and on the cytotoxic activities. The obtained results along with molecular docking calculations show that the single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA via groove binding and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA through partial intercalation. In tune with this, double Chain systems show more anticancer activity as their hydrophobic tail part makes them effectively penetrate into the cell. So, this kind of tuning of the hydrophobicity of metallodrugs will lead to optimisation of the DNA binding and cytotoxicity behaviour.

  • study of single and double Chain Surfactant cobalt iii complexes and their hydrophobicity micelle formation interaction with serum albumins and antibacterial activities
    Inorganic chemistry frontiers, 2014
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Ponnuchamy Kumar, M. Govindaraju
    Abstract:

    To develop Surfactant based metallodrugs, it is important to know the role of the tail part of the Surfactant–metal complexes in their hydrophobicity, micellization behaviour, interaction with biomacromolecules and cell penetration. Here, we have taken a new series of single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes with alkylamine ligands of different Chain length, [Co(dien)(DA)Cl2]ClO4 (1), [Co(dien)(HA)Cl2]ClO4 (2), [Co(dien)(DA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (3) and [Co(dien)(HA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (4), where dien = diethylenetriamine, DA = dodecylamine and HA = hexadecylamine. The complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, NMR, ESI-MS, UV-visible and FTIR techniques. In addition, the average size distribution and morphology of self-assembled Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes were examined by DLS and SEM, respectively. The hydrophobicity, critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, thermodynamics of micellization (ΔG°m, ΔH°m and ΔS°m) and the nature of the interaction of these complexes with bovine and human serum albumins (BSA/HSA) were evaluated. The obtained CMC values were in the order 1 > 2 > 3 > 4, indicating that double Chain systems have lower CMC values compared to single Chain systems due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the alkyl amine ligands. The thermodynamics of micellization indicated that the process is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy driven. The interaction of complexes 1–4 with serum albumins indicated that the quenching process follows a static mechanism, and the extent of quenching and binding parameters were in the order 1 < 2 < 3 < 4. Interestingly, on increasing the temperature, the protein–complex stability decreased for the single Chain systems, and increased for the double Chain systems, probably due to the involvement of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. This was further supported by the thermodynamics of protein interaction and synchronous fluorescence studies. Moreover, the results from UV-vis, synchronous and circular dichroism (CD) showed the occurrence of conformational and micro environmental changes in BSA/HSA. It is also noted that BSA has more binding affinity with Surfactant–metal complexes compared to HSA. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of these complexes were investigated by disk diffusion method; complex 4 has a better antimicrobial activity due to the ease of bacterial cell penetration due to its more hydrophobic nature.

Selvakumar Veeralakshmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Surfactant-cobalt(III) complexes: The impact of hydrophobicity on interaction with HSA and DNA - insights from experimental and theoretical approach.
    Colloids and surfaces. B Biointerfaces, 2017
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Sankaralingam Arunachalam
    Abstract:

    To develop Surfactant-based metallodrugs, it is very important to know about their hydrophobicity, micelle forming capacity, their interaction with biomacromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, and biological activities. Here, diethylenetriamine (dien) and tetradecylamine ligand (TA) based Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes with single Chain domain, [Co(dien)(TA)Cl2]ClO4 (1) and double Chain domain [Co(dien)(TA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (2) were chosen to study the effect of hydrophobicity on the interaction with human serum albumin and calf thymus DNA. The obtained results showed that (i) single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex (1) interact with HSA and DNA via electrostatic interaction and groove binding, respectively; (ii) double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex (2) interact with HSA and DNA via hydrophobic interaction and partial intercalation, respectively, due to the play of hydrophobicity by single and double Chain domains. Further it is noted that, double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex interact strongly with HSA and DNA, compared single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex due to their more hydrophobicity nature. DFT and molecular docking studies offer insights into the mechanism and mode of binding towards the molecular target CT-DNA and HSA. Hence, the present findings will create new avenue towards the use of hydrophobic metallodrugs for various therapeutic applications.

  • single and double Chain Surfactant cobalt iii complexes the impact of hydrophobicity on the interaction with calf thymus dna and their biological activities
    RSC Advances, 2015
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Ponnuchamy Kumar, Chidambaram Anusha, Vilwanathan Ravikumar
    Abstract:

    Developing Surfactant based metal complexes as metallodrugs is a promising approach for which it is important to know the effect of their hydrophobic tail part on the interaction with biomacromolecules as well as on their biological activities. In this report we describe some Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes differing in their tail part and the effect of hydrophobicity of these complexes on their interaction with calf thymus DNA and on the cytotoxic activities. The obtained results along with molecular docking calculations show that the single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA via groove binding and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA through partial intercalation. In tune with this, double Chain systems show more anticancer activity as their hydrophobic tail part makes them effectively penetrate into the cell. So, this kind of tuning of the hydrophobicity of metallodrugs will lead to optimisation of the DNA binding and cytotoxicity behaviour.

  • Single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes: the impact of hydrophobicity on the interaction with calf thymus DNA, and their biological activities
    RSC Advances, 2015
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Ponnuchamy Kumar, Chidambaram Anusha, Vilwanathan Ravikumar
    Abstract:

    Developing Surfactant based metal complexes as metallodrugs is a promising approach for which it is important to know the effect of their hydrophobic tail part on the interaction with biomacromolecules as well as on their biological activities. In this report we describe some Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes differing in their tail part and the effect of hydrophobicity of these complexes on their interaction with calf thymus DNA and on the cytotoxic activities. The obtained results along with molecular docking calculations show that the single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA via groove binding and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA through partial intercalation. In tune with this, double Chain systems show more anticancer activity as their hydrophobic tail part makes them effectively penetrate into the cell. So, this kind of tuning of the hydrophobicity of metallodrugs will lead to optimisation of the DNA binding and cytotoxicity behaviour.

  • study of single and double Chain Surfactant cobalt iii complexes and their hydrophobicity micelle formation interaction with serum albumins and antibacterial activities
    Inorganic chemistry frontiers, 2014
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Ponnuchamy Kumar, M. Govindaraju
    Abstract:

    To develop Surfactant based metallodrugs, it is important to know the role of the tail part of the Surfactant–metal complexes in their hydrophobicity, micellization behaviour, interaction with biomacromolecules and cell penetration. Here, we have taken a new series of single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes with alkylamine ligands of different Chain length, [Co(dien)(DA)Cl2]ClO4 (1), [Co(dien)(HA)Cl2]ClO4 (2), [Co(dien)(DA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (3) and [Co(dien)(HA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (4), where dien = diethylenetriamine, DA = dodecylamine and HA = hexadecylamine. The complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, NMR, ESI-MS, UV-visible and FTIR techniques. In addition, the average size distribution and morphology of self-assembled Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes were examined by DLS and SEM, respectively. The hydrophobicity, critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, thermodynamics of micellization (ΔG°m, ΔH°m and ΔS°m) and the nature of the interaction of these complexes with bovine and human serum albumins (BSA/HSA) were evaluated. The obtained CMC values were in the order 1 > 2 > 3 > 4, indicating that double Chain systems have lower CMC values compared to single Chain systems due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the alkyl amine ligands. The thermodynamics of micellization indicated that the process is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy driven. The interaction of complexes 1–4 with serum albumins indicated that the quenching process follows a static mechanism, and the extent of quenching and binding parameters were in the order 1 < 2 < 3 < 4. Interestingly, on increasing the temperature, the protein–complex stability decreased for the single Chain systems, and increased for the double Chain systems, probably due to the involvement of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. This was further supported by the thermodynamics of protein interaction and synchronous fluorescence studies. Moreover, the results from UV-vis, synchronous and circular dichroism (CD) showed the occurrence of conformational and micro environmental changes in BSA/HSA. It is also noted that BSA has more binding affinity with Surfactant–metal complexes compared to HSA. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of these complexes were investigated by disk diffusion method; complex 4 has a better antimicrobial activity due to the ease of bacterial cell penetration due to its more hydrophobic nature.

  • Study of single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes and their hydrophobicity, micelle formation, interaction with serum albumins and antibacterial activities
    Inorg. Chem. Front., 2014
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Ponnuchamy Kumar, M. Govindaraju
    Abstract:

    To develop Surfactant based metallodrugs, it is important to know the role of the tail part of the Surfactant–metal complexes in their hydrophobicity, micellization behaviour, interaction with biomacromolecules and cell penetration. Here, we have taken a new series of single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes with alkylamine ligands of different Chain length, [Co(dien)(DA)Cl2]ClO4 (1), [Co(dien)(HA)Cl2]ClO4 (2), [Co(dien)(DA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (3) and [Co(dien)(HA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (4), where dien = diethylenetriamine, DA = dodecylamine and HA = hexadecylamine. The complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, NMR, ESI-MS, UV-visible and FTIR techniques. In addition, the average size distribution and morphology of self-assembled Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes were examined by DLS and SEM, respectively. The hydrophobicity, critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, thermodynamics of micellization (ΔG°m, ΔH°m and ΔS°m) and the nature of the interaction of these complexes with bovine and human serum albumins (BSA/HSA) were evaluated. The obtained CMC values were in the order 1 > 2 > 3 > 4, indicating that double Chain systems have lower CMC values compared to single Chain systems due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the alkyl amine ligands. The thermodynamics of micellization indicated that the process is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy driven. The interaction of complexes 1–4 with serum albumins indicated that the quenching process follows a static mechanism, and the extent of quenching and binding parameters were in the order 1 < 2 < 3 < 4. Interestingly, on increasing the temperature, the protein–complex stability decreased for the single Chain systems, and increased for the double Chain systems, probably due to the involvement of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. This was further supported by the thermodynamics of protein interaction and synchronous fluorescence studies. Moreover, the results from UV-vis, synchronous and circular dichroism (CD) showed the occurrence of conformational and micro environmental changes in BSA/HSA. It is also noted that BSA has more binding affinity with Surfactant–metal complexes compared to HSA. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of these complexes were investigated by disk diffusion method; complex 4 has a better antimicrobial activity due to the ease of bacterial cell penetration due to its more hydrophobic nature.

Yasufumi Otsubo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Selvan Nehru - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Surfactant-cobalt(III) complexes: The impact of hydrophobicity on interaction with HSA and DNA - insights from experimental and theoretical approach.
    Colloids and surfaces. B Biointerfaces, 2017
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Sankaralingam Arunachalam
    Abstract:

    To develop Surfactant-based metallodrugs, it is very important to know about their hydrophobicity, micelle forming capacity, their interaction with biomacromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, and biological activities. Here, diethylenetriamine (dien) and tetradecylamine ligand (TA) based Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes with single Chain domain, [Co(dien)(TA)Cl2]ClO4 (1) and double Chain domain [Co(dien)(TA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (2) were chosen to study the effect of hydrophobicity on the interaction with human serum albumin and calf thymus DNA. The obtained results showed that (i) single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex (1) interact with HSA and DNA via electrostatic interaction and groove binding, respectively; (ii) double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex (2) interact with HSA and DNA via hydrophobic interaction and partial intercalation, respectively, due to the play of hydrophobicity by single and double Chain domains. Further it is noted that, double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex interact strongly with HSA and DNA, compared single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complex due to their more hydrophobicity nature. DFT and molecular docking studies offer insights into the mechanism and mode of binding towards the molecular target CT-DNA and HSA. Hence, the present findings will create new avenue towards the use of hydrophobic metallodrugs for various therapeutic applications.

  • single and double Chain Surfactant cobalt iii complexes the impact of hydrophobicity on the interaction with calf thymus dna and their biological activities
    RSC Advances, 2015
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Ponnuchamy Kumar, Chidambaram Anusha, Vilwanathan Ravikumar
    Abstract:

    Developing Surfactant based metal complexes as metallodrugs is a promising approach for which it is important to know the effect of their hydrophobic tail part on the interaction with biomacromolecules as well as on their biological activities. In this report we describe some Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes differing in their tail part and the effect of hydrophobicity of these complexes on their interaction with calf thymus DNA and on the cytotoxic activities. The obtained results along with molecular docking calculations show that the single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA via groove binding and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA through partial intercalation. In tune with this, double Chain systems show more anticancer activity as their hydrophobic tail part makes them effectively penetrate into the cell. So, this kind of tuning of the hydrophobicity of metallodrugs will lead to optimisation of the DNA binding and cytotoxicity behaviour.

  • Single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes: the impact of hydrophobicity on the interaction with calf thymus DNA, and their biological activities
    RSC Advances, 2015
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Ponnuchamy Kumar, Chidambaram Anusha, Vilwanathan Ravikumar
    Abstract:

    Developing Surfactant based metal complexes as metallodrugs is a promising approach for which it is important to know the effect of their hydrophobic tail part on the interaction with biomacromolecules as well as on their biological activities. In this report we describe some Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes differing in their tail part and the effect of hydrophobicity of these complexes on their interaction with calf thymus DNA and on the cytotoxic activities. The obtained results along with molecular docking calculations show that the single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA via groove binding and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA through partial intercalation. In tune with this, double Chain systems show more anticancer activity as their hydrophobic tail part makes them effectively penetrate into the cell. So, this kind of tuning of the hydrophobicity of metallodrugs will lead to optimisation of the DNA binding and cytotoxicity behaviour.

  • study of single and double Chain Surfactant cobalt iii complexes and their hydrophobicity micelle formation interaction with serum albumins and antibacterial activities
    Inorganic chemistry frontiers, 2014
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Ponnuchamy Kumar, M. Govindaraju
    Abstract:

    To develop Surfactant based metallodrugs, it is important to know the role of the tail part of the Surfactant–metal complexes in their hydrophobicity, micellization behaviour, interaction with biomacromolecules and cell penetration. Here, we have taken a new series of single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes with alkylamine ligands of different Chain length, [Co(dien)(DA)Cl2]ClO4 (1), [Co(dien)(HA)Cl2]ClO4 (2), [Co(dien)(DA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (3) and [Co(dien)(HA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (4), where dien = diethylenetriamine, DA = dodecylamine and HA = hexadecylamine. The complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, NMR, ESI-MS, UV-visible and FTIR techniques. In addition, the average size distribution and morphology of self-assembled Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes were examined by DLS and SEM, respectively. The hydrophobicity, critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, thermodynamics of micellization (ΔG°m, ΔH°m and ΔS°m) and the nature of the interaction of these complexes with bovine and human serum albumins (BSA/HSA) were evaluated. The obtained CMC values were in the order 1 > 2 > 3 > 4, indicating that double Chain systems have lower CMC values compared to single Chain systems due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the alkyl amine ligands. The thermodynamics of micellization indicated that the process is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy driven. The interaction of complexes 1–4 with serum albumins indicated that the quenching process follows a static mechanism, and the extent of quenching and binding parameters were in the order 1 < 2 < 3 < 4. Interestingly, on increasing the temperature, the protein–complex stability decreased for the single Chain systems, and increased for the double Chain systems, probably due to the involvement of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. This was further supported by the thermodynamics of protein interaction and synchronous fluorescence studies. Moreover, the results from UV-vis, synchronous and circular dichroism (CD) showed the occurrence of conformational and micro environmental changes in BSA/HSA. It is also noted that BSA has more binding affinity with Surfactant–metal complexes compared to HSA. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of these complexes were investigated by disk diffusion method; complex 4 has a better antimicrobial activity due to the ease of bacterial cell penetration due to its more hydrophobic nature.

  • Study of single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes and their hydrophobicity, micelle formation, interaction with serum albumins and antibacterial activities
    Inorg. Chem. Front., 2014
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Ponnuchamy Kumar, M. Govindaraju
    Abstract:

    To develop Surfactant based metallodrugs, it is important to know the role of the tail part of the Surfactant–metal complexes in their hydrophobicity, micellization behaviour, interaction with biomacromolecules and cell penetration. Here, we have taken a new series of single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes with alkylamine ligands of different Chain length, [Co(dien)(DA)Cl2]ClO4 (1), [Co(dien)(HA)Cl2]ClO4 (2), [Co(dien)(DA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (3) and [Co(dien)(HA)2Cl](ClO4)2 (4), where dien = diethylenetriamine, DA = dodecylamine and HA = hexadecylamine. The complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, NMR, ESI-MS, UV-visible and FTIR techniques. In addition, the average size distribution and morphology of self-assembled Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes were examined by DLS and SEM, respectively. The hydrophobicity, critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, thermodynamics of micellization (ΔG°m, ΔH°m and ΔS°m) and the nature of the interaction of these complexes with bovine and human serum albumins (BSA/HSA) were evaluated. The obtained CMC values were in the order 1 > 2 > 3 > 4, indicating that double Chain systems have lower CMC values compared to single Chain systems due to the increase in the hydrophobicity of the alkyl amine ligands. The thermodynamics of micellization indicated that the process is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy driven. The interaction of complexes 1–4 with serum albumins indicated that the quenching process follows a static mechanism, and the extent of quenching and binding parameters were in the order 1 < 2 < 3 < 4. Interestingly, on increasing the temperature, the protein–complex stability decreased for the single Chain systems, and increased for the double Chain systems, probably due to the involvement of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. This was further supported by the thermodynamics of protein interaction and synchronous fluorescence studies. Moreover, the results from UV-vis, synchronous and circular dichroism (CD) showed the occurrence of conformational and micro environmental changes in BSA/HSA. It is also noted that BSA has more binding affinity with Surfactant–metal complexes compared to HSA. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effects of these complexes were investigated by disk diffusion method; complex 4 has a better antimicrobial activity due to the ease of bacterial cell penetration due to its more hydrophobic nature.

Vilwanathan Ravikumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • single and double Chain Surfactant cobalt iii complexes the impact of hydrophobicity on the interaction with calf thymus dna and their biological activities
    RSC Advances, 2015
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Ponnuchamy Kumar, Chidambaram Anusha, Vilwanathan Ravikumar
    Abstract:

    Developing Surfactant based metal complexes as metallodrugs is a promising approach for which it is important to know the effect of their hydrophobic tail part on the interaction with biomacromolecules as well as on their biological activities. In this report we describe some Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes differing in their tail part and the effect of hydrophobicity of these complexes on their interaction with calf thymus DNA and on the cytotoxic activities. The obtained results along with molecular docking calculations show that the single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA via groove binding and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA through partial intercalation. In tune with this, double Chain systems show more anticancer activity as their hydrophobic tail part makes them effectively penetrate into the cell. So, this kind of tuning of the hydrophobicity of metallodrugs will lead to optimisation of the DNA binding and cytotoxicity behaviour.

  • Single and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes: the impact of hydrophobicity on the interaction with calf thymus DNA, and their biological activities
    RSC Advances, 2015
    Co-Authors: Selvakumar Veeralakshmi, Sankaralingam Arunachalam, Selvan Nehru, Gopal Sabapathi, Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam, Ponnuchamy Kumar, Chidambaram Anusha, Vilwanathan Ravikumar
    Abstract:

    Developing Surfactant based metal complexes as metallodrugs is a promising approach for which it is important to know the effect of their hydrophobic tail part on the interaction with biomacromolecules as well as on their biological activities. In this report we describe some Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes differing in their tail part and the effect of hydrophobicity of these complexes on their interaction with calf thymus DNA and on the cytotoxic activities. The obtained results along with molecular docking calculations show that the single Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA via groove binding and double Chain Surfactant–cobalt(III) complexes interact with DNA through partial intercalation. In tune with this, double Chain systems show more anticancer activity as their hydrophobic tail part makes them effectively penetrate into the cell. So, this kind of tuning of the hydrophobicity of metallodrugs will lead to optimisation of the DNA binding and cytotoxicity behaviour.