The Experts below are selected from a list of 80454 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Zeli Que - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of loading ratio conditioning time and air exchange rate on the formaldehyde emission from wood based board using large Chamber and desiccator Method
Composites Part B-engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Zeli Que, Feibin Wang, Takeshi FurunoAbstract:Abstract The emission of formaldehyde is critical factor in the evaluation of environment and health effects of wood-based composite materials. Different test Methods are used in different countries. The comparison study was done between commonly used American test Methods, large Chamber ASTM E1333-10, and Japanese desiccator Method JIS A 1460-2001 for testing Formaldehyde emission form 16 mm uncoated particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) under the different conditioning days, air exchange rates, and loading ratios. In case of reduction of the loading ratios, the good correlation between the large Chamber Method and the desiccator test could be obtained for particleboard tested. With the reduction of the loading ratios, the correlation between the large Chamber Method and the desiccator test was improved. At the loading ratio of 0.04 ft2/ft3, the coefficients of determination (R2) showed 0.995 for 0.5 AC/HR, and 0.989 for 1.0 AC/HR. Large Chamber emission rate at 1.0 AC/HR was 0.727 time Large Chamber emission rate at 0.5 AC/HR.
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formaldehyde emission from wood products relationship between the values by the Chamber Method and those by the desiccator test
Wood Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Zeli Que, Takeshi FurunoAbstract:The formaldehyde off-gassing properties of various wood products were evaluated under environment conditions that simulate conditions of mobile home. The formaldehyde concentrations observed in the Chamber were correlated to the 24-h desiccator formaldehyde potentials. It was found that 24-h desiccator values did correlate to formaldehyde levels in the Chamber at a given temperature, relative humidity, air change rate, and sample loading. The 24-h desiccator Method correlated to each other for a given wood product. Formaldehyde levels of wood products tested in combination reflected the levels of the highest single emitter. Formaldehyde concentrations from combinations of particleboards and plywood panels may be predicted from their single Chamber K factor using the modified Hoetjer equation. Double loading of a single wood product did not double the Chamber concentration at the low air change rate and sample loading. Finally, the formaldehyde concentrations observed in the Chamber under conditions that simulated mobile loadings of wood product, air change rate, temperature, and humidity relate to real wood formaldehyde levels.
Hyun-joong Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of temperature on vocs and carbonyl compounds emission from wooden flooring by thermal extractor test Method
Building and Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Youngkyu Lee, Hyun-joong KimAbstract:Abstract The environmental Chamber Method is used to determine the area specific emission factor of VOCs emitted from building products, which is calculated from the small emission test Chamber concentration by considering the passing air flow rate and surface area at 23–28 °C. Although indoor air temperatures are generally between 17 and 28 °C, floor heating can create exceptional conditions in flooring materials. To determine the effect of temperature, the emission of VOCs and carbonyl compounds from engineered flooring and laminate flooring were measured using a thermal extractor (TE), which was applied at 25, 35 and 45 °C for 30 min. At 35 °C, the level of TVOC emission was more than double that at 25 °C. At 35 °C and 45 °C, the level of formaldehyde emission was more than two and five times of that at 25 °C, respectively. Therefore, this TE Method of VOCs and formaldehyde emission analysis will be a good alternative to the traditional Chamber Method for determining the VOC emission levels from flooring products. In conclusion, some wooden flooring may contribute to the contamination of indoor air with the use of floor heating.
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formaldehyde and tvoc emission behaviors according to finishing treatment with surface materials using 20 l Chamber and flec
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Kiwook Kim, Sumin Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Jin Chul ParkAbstract:Formaldehyde and TVOC are emitted from wood-based panels that are made using wood particles, wood fiber, wood chips and formaldehyde-based resins. This study examined the formaldehyde and TVOC emission behavior of medium density fiberboard (MDF) overlaid with three types of uncoated lignocellulosic surface materials (oak decorative veneer, low pressure melamine impregnated paper and high pressure melamine impregnated paper) and four types of coated surface materials (coated paper, two types of finishing foils, and PVC) using the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) Method and a 20 L small Chamber Method. The uncoated lignocellulosic surface materials exhibited lower formaldehyde and TVOC emission levels. The coated surface materials did not show reduced TVOC emissions but the formaldehyde emission was reduced in the 20 L small Chamber test. In the FLEC test, both the uncoated lignocellulosic surface materials and coated surface materials showed lower TVOC and formaldehyde emissions from MDF.
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determination of formaldehyde and tvoc emission factor from wood based composites by small Chamber Method
Polymer Testing, 2006Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do KimAbstract:Abstract This paper assesses the reproducibility of testing formaldehyde and TVOC emissions from wood-based composites such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard (PB), laminate flooring, and engineered flooring using desiccator, perforator and 20 L small Chamber Methods. According to desiccator and perforator standards, the formaldehyde emission level of each flooring was ⩽ E 1 grade. The formaldehyde emission of MDF and PB was 3.48 mg/L PB and 5.38 mg/L by the desiccator Method, and 8.57/100 g and 10.21/100 g PB by the perforator Method, respectively. A 20 L small Chamber was developed in Japan with performance in compliance with ASTM, ECA reports, and ENV 13419-1. To determine formaldehyde emission, the peak areas of each wood-based composite were calculated from aldehyde chromatograms obtained using the 20 L small Chamber Method. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein/acetone, propionaldehyde, methacrolein, 2-butanone/butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde and isovaleraldehyde were detected as aldehyde compounds. In this experiment, it was found that MDF and PB emitted hexanal, pinenes, pentanal, nonanal, heptanal, octanol, etc. MDF and PB emitted significantly greater amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than the flooring materials did.
Takeshi Furuno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of loading ratio conditioning time and air exchange rate on the formaldehyde emission from wood based board using large Chamber and desiccator Method
Composites Part B-engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Zeli Que, Feibin Wang, Takeshi FurunoAbstract:Abstract The emission of formaldehyde is critical factor in the evaluation of environment and health effects of wood-based composite materials. Different test Methods are used in different countries. The comparison study was done between commonly used American test Methods, large Chamber ASTM E1333-10, and Japanese desiccator Method JIS A 1460-2001 for testing Formaldehyde emission form 16 mm uncoated particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF) under the different conditioning days, air exchange rates, and loading ratios. In case of reduction of the loading ratios, the good correlation between the large Chamber Method and the desiccator test could be obtained for particleboard tested. With the reduction of the loading ratios, the correlation between the large Chamber Method and the desiccator test was improved. At the loading ratio of 0.04 ft2/ft3, the coefficients of determination (R2) showed 0.995 for 0.5 AC/HR, and 0.989 for 1.0 AC/HR. Large Chamber emission rate at 1.0 AC/HR was 0.727 time Large Chamber emission rate at 0.5 AC/HR.
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formaldehyde emission from wood products relationship between the values by the Chamber Method and those by the desiccator test
Wood Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Zeli Que, Takeshi FurunoAbstract:The formaldehyde off-gassing properties of various wood products were evaluated under environment conditions that simulate conditions of mobile home. The formaldehyde concentrations observed in the Chamber were correlated to the 24-h desiccator formaldehyde potentials. It was found that 24-h desiccator values did correlate to formaldehyde levels in the Chamber at a given temperature, relative humidity, air change rate, and sample loading. The 24-h desiccator Method correlated to each other for a given wood product. Formaldehyde levels of wood products tested in combination reflected the levels of the highest single emitter. Formaldehyde concentrations from combinations of particleboards and plywood panels may be predicted from their single Chamber K factor using the modified Hoetjer equation. Double loading of a single wood product did not double the Chamber concentration at the low air change rate and sample loading. Finally, the formaldehyde concentrations observed in the Chamber under conditions that simulated mobile loadings of wood product, air change rate, temperature, and humidity relate to real wood formaldehyde levels.
Maria Risholmsundman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formaldehyde emission comparison of different standard Methods
Atmospheric Environment, 2007Co-Authors: Maria Risholmsundman, Annelise Larsen, Ewa Vestin, Anders WeibullAbstract:Abstract The emission of formaldehyde is an important factor in the evaluation of the environmental and health effects of wood-based board materials. This article gives a comparison between commonly used European test Methods: Chamber Method [EN 717-1, 2004. Wood-based panels—determination of formaldehyde release—Part 1: formaldehyde emission by the Chamber Method. European Standard, October 2004], gas analysis Method [EN 717-2, 1994. Wood-based panels—determination of formaldehyde release—Part 2: formaldehyde release by the gas analysis Method, European Standard, November 1994], flask Method [EN 717-3, 1996. Wood-based panels—determination of formaldehyde release—Part 3: formaldehyde release by the flask Method, European Standard, March 1996], perforator Method [EN 120, 1993. Wood based panels—determination of formaldehyde content—extraction Method called perforator Method, European Standard, September 1993], Japanese test Methods: desiccator Methods [JIS A 1460, 2001. Building boards. Determination of formaldehyde emission—desiccator Method, Japanese Industrial Standard, March 2001 and JAS MAFF 233, 2001] and small Chamber Method [JIS A 1901, 2003. Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds and aldehydes for building products—small Chamber Method, Japanese Industrial Standard, January 2003], for solid wood, particleboard, plywood and medium density fiberboard. The variations between the results from different Methods can partly be explained by differences in test conditions. Factors like edge sealing, conditioning of the sample before the test and test temperature have a large effect on the final emission result. The Japanese limit for F **** of 0.3 mg l−1 (in desiccator) for particleboards was found to be equivalent to 0.04 mg m−3 in the European Chamber test and 2.8 mg per 100 g in the perforator test. The variations in inter-laboratory tests are much larger than in intra-laboratory tests; the coefficient of variation is 16% and 6.0% for the Chamber Method, 25% and 3.5% for the gas analysis Method and 15% and 5.2% for the desiccator Method.
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determination of formaldehyde emission with field and laboratory emission cell flec recovery and correlation to the Chamber Method
Indoor Air, 1999Co-Authors: Maria RisholmsundmanAbstract:The formaldehyde emission from wood-based building materials is usually determined in large Chambers at a defined temperature, humidity and ventilation rate. In this article, a simpler Method, the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC), is described for determination of the formaldehyde emission and it is compared with the traditional Chamber Method. The formaldehyde from FLEC is collected on a silicagel cartridge impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and analysed with HPLC. The FLEC is easier to operate, requires a smaller sample, fewer analyses and is also more flexible than the Chamber Method. The emissions from different parts of a sample can be measured. Another advantage is that the equipment can be used to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission at the same time. The FLEC Method gives a good correlation to the Chamber Method for different building products. It also gives a good recovery. An average recovery of 98% was achieved, when two different FLEC-cells were tested with known formaldehyde sources with emissions of 0.06-0.7 mg/m2h.
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comparison of different laboratory Methods for determining the formaldehyde emission from three layer parquet floors
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 1999Co-Authors: Maria Risholmsundman, N WallinAbstract:Chamber Method. The best correlation with the Chamber Method is achieved with the emission cells. The emission rates from different parts of a parquet sample (the front, the back and the edges) give different results. The formaldehyde emission from the back surface can be 20 times higher than from the front, so it is very important to do the test on the normally exposed surface. Also, the conditioning time effects the emission rate and should be maintained in a standardised way, so that results can be compared.
Sumin Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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formaldehyde and tvoc emission behaviors according to finishing treatment with surface materials using 20 l Chamber and flec
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Kiwook Kim, Sumin Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Jin Chul ParkAbstract:Formaldehyde and TVOC are emitted from wood-based panels that are made using wood particles, wood fiber, wood chips and formaldehyde-based resins. This study examined the formaldehyde and TVOC emission behavior of medium density fiberboard (MDF) overlaid with three types of uncoated lignocellulosic surface materials (oak decorative veneer, low pressure melamine impregnated paper and high pressure melamine impregnated paper) and four types of coated surface materials (coated paper, two types of finishing foils, and PVC) using the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) Method and a 20 L small Chamber Method. The uncoated lignocellulosic surface materials exhibited lower formaldehyde and TVOC emission levels. The coated surface materials did not show reduced TVOC emissions but the formaldehyde emission was reduced in the 20 L small Chamber test. In the FLEC test, both the uncoated lignocellulosic surface materials and coated surface materials showed lower TVOC and formaldehyde emissions from MDF.
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determination of formaldehyde and tvoc emission factor from wood based composites by small Chamber Method
Polymer Testing, 2006Co-Authors: Sumin Kim, Jin-a Kim, Hyun-joong Kim, Shin Do KimAbstract:Abstract This paper assesses the reproducibility of testing formaldehyde and TVOC emissions from wood-based composites such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard (PB), laminate flooring, and engineered flooring using desiccator, perforator and 20 L small Chamber Methods. According to desiccator and perforator standards, the formaldehyde emission level of each flooring was ⩽ E 1 grade. The formaldehyde emission of MDF and PB was 3.48 mg/L PB and 5.38 mg/L by the desiccator Method, and 8.57/100 g and 10.21/100 g PB by the perforator Method, respectively. A 20 L small Chamber was developed in Japan with performance in compliance with ASTM, ECA reports, and ENV 13419-1. To determine formaldehyde emission, the peak areas of each wood-based composite were calculated from aldehyde chromatograms obtained using the 20 L small Chamber Method. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein/acetone, propionaldehyde, methacrolein, 2-butanone/butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde and isovaleraldehyde were detected as aldehyde compounds. In this experiment, it was found that MDF and PB emitted hexanal, pinenes, pentanal, nonanal, heptanal, octanol, etc. MDF and PB emitted significantly greater amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) than the flooring materials did.