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Yumin Yuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tetraethylammonium and 4 aminopyridine enhancement of 5 ht3 receptor mediated contraction of guinea pig ileum in vitro
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1998Co-Authors: Yumin Yuan, Huihua YangAbstract:AIM: To study the effects of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on 5-HT3 receptor-mediated contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus strip preparations (GPI). METHODS: GPI contractions were recorded with a Chart Recorder through isometric transducers. The effect of TEA and 4-AP on binding properties of 5-HT3 receptors was assessed using [3H]GR65630 binding assay in membrane preparation of rat entorhinal cortex. RESULTS: (1) Both TEA 0.5 mmol.L-1 and 4-AP 5 mumol.L-1 increased the spontaneous activity, and elicited contractions of GPI; atropine 10 mumol.L-1 or the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist MDL72222 100 mumol.L-1 prevented these effects. (2) Both TEA 0.05-0.5 mmol.L-1 and 4-AP 1-10 mumol.L-1 enhanced GPI contractions induced by the selective 5-HT3 receptor agonists 2-methyl-5-HT in concentration-dependent manners. (3) Both TEA 0.5 mmol.L-1 and 4-AP 5 mumol.L-1 attenuated the inhibitory effects of the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists tropisetron 0.1 mumol.L-1 and benesetron 1 mumol.L-1 on 5-HT3 receptor-mediated GPI contractions. (4) Neither TEA 0.1-0.5 mmol.L-1 nor 4-AP 5-10 mumol.L-1 affected GPI contractions evoked by the selective M-ACh receptor agonist carbachol 1 mumol.L-1. (5) TEA 0.5 mmol.L-1 and 4-AP 10 mumol.L-1 had no effect on the properties of binding of the selective 5-HT3 receptor radioligand [3H]GR65630 to 5-HT3 receptors. CONCLUSION: The enhancement by TEA and 4-AP of 5-HT3 receptor-mediated GPI contractile responses was due to blocking K+ channels in prejunctional myenteric neurons.
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pinacidil suppression on 5 ht3 receptor mediated contraction of guinea pig ileum in vitro
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1998Co-Authors: Yumin YuanAbstract:AIM: To study the effects of the K + channel opener pinacidil on 5 HT 3 receptor mediated contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum (GPI) longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus strip preparations. METHODS: GPI contractions were recorded with a Chart Recorder through isometric transducers. The effect of pinacidil on binding properties of 5 HT 3 receptors was assessed using GR65630 binding assay in membrane preparations of rat entorhinal cortex. RESULTS: (1) A selective 5 HT 3 receptor agonist 2 methyl 5 HT 0 1-300 μmol·L -1 and 5 HT 0 001-50 μmol·L -1 elicited GPI contractile responses in concentration dependent manners, the EC 50 values (and 95 % confidence limits) for 2 methyl 5 HT and 5 HT were 10 0 (8 9-11 2) μmol·L -1 and 1 6 (1 3-1 9) μmol·L -1 , respectively. Selective 5 HT 3 receptor antagonist tropisetron 0 1 μmol·L -1 competitively inhibited the responses to 2 methyl 5 HT and 5 HT. (2) Pinacidil 0 5-5 μmol·L -1 inhibited 5 HT 3 receptor mediated contractions. (3) Pinacidil 1 μmol·L -1 enhanced the inhibitory effects of tropisetron 0 1 μmol·L -1 or another selective 5 HT 3 receptor antagonist benesetron 1 μmol·L -1 on 5 HT induced GPI contractile responses. (4) Pinacidil 1-5 μmol·L -1 did not affect GPI contractile responses evoked by a selective M ACh receptor agonist carbachol 1 μmol·L -1 . (5) Pinacidil 1-5 μmol·L -1 had no effect on binding properties of 5 HT 3 receptors with selective 5 HT 3 receptor radioligand GR65630 in the entorhinal cortex of rat brain. CONCLUSION: The inhibition by pinacidil of 5 HT 3 receptor mediated GPI contractile responses may be mediated through activation of ATP sensitive K + channels located in prejunctional myenteric neurons.
Huihua Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tetraethylammonium and 4 aminopyridine enhancement of 5 ht3 receptor mediated contraction of guinea pig ileum in vitro
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 1998Co-Authors: Yumin Yuan, Huihua YangAbstract:AIM: To study the effects of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on 5-HT3 receptor-mediated contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus strip preparations (GPI). METHODS: GPI contractions were recorded with a Chart Recorder through isometric transducers. The effect of TEA and 4-AP on binding properties of 5-HT3 receptors was assessed using [3H]GR65630 binding assay in membrane preparation of rat entorhinal cortex. RESULTS: (1) Both TEA 0.5 mmol.L-1 and 4-AP 5 mumol.L-1 increased the spontaneous activity, and elicited contractions of GPI; atropine 10 mumol.L-1 or the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist MDL72222 100 mumol.L-1 prevented these effects. (2) Both TEA 0.05-0.5 mmol.L-1 and 4-AP 1-10 mumol.L-1 enhanced GPI contractions induced by the selective 5-HT3 receptor agonists 2-methyl-5-HT in concentration-dependent manners. (3) Both TEA 0.5 mmol.L-1 and 4-AP 5 mumol.L-1 attenuated the inhibitory effects of the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists tropisetron 0.1 mumol.L-1 and benesetron 1 mumol.L-1 on 5-HT3 receptor-mediated GPI contractions. (4) Neither TEA 0.1-0.5 mmol.L-1 nor 4-AP 5-10 mumol.L-1 affected GPI contractions evoked by the selective M-ACh receptor agonist carbachol 1 mumol.L-1. (5) TEA 0.5 mmol.L-1 and 4-AP 10 mumol.L-1 had no effect on the properties of binding of the selective 5-HT3 receptor radioligand [3H]GR65630 to 5-HT3 receptors. CONCLUSION: The enhancement by TEA and 4-AP of 5-HT3 receptor-mediated GPI contractile responses was due to blocking K+ channels in prejunctional myenteric neurons.
Lars O Hedin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digitizing Chart Recorder data coordinate system conversion for rain gauges and similar recording instruments
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1999Co-Authors: Todd M Walter, Paul Mutch, Christa D Salmon, Donald K Mccool, Lars O HedinAbstract:Abstract Though Chart Recorder data are widely available for many environmental parameters over long periods of record, the nonorthogonal coordinate systems of many types of Recorder Charts complicates data extraction such that it is almost always manual; a tedious chore involving hand-counting tiny red boxes. Perhaps the most common data available on these types of Charts are precipitation from weighing-type recording rain gauges. Unfortunately, because most digitizer software assumes the data being digitized have an orthogonal coordinate system, the nonorthogonality inherent in these Charts prevents simple digitization of the data. If methodologies exist for electronically extracting rain gauge data, they are not widely known; recent texts still outline manual break-point tabulation in detail with no reference to any software or published methodologies for electronic data extraction. A simple procedure is presented here to transform digitized Chart Recorder data into meaningful, accurate data using read...
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notes and correspondence digitizing Chart Recorder data coordinate system conversion for rain gauges and similar recording instruments
1999Co-Authors: Todd M Walter, Paul Mutch, Christa D Salmon, Donald K Mccool, Lars O HedinAbstract:Though Chart Recorder data are widely available for many environmental parameters over long periods of record, the nonorthogonal coordinate systems of many types of Recorder Charts complicates data extraction such that it is almost always manual; a tedious chore involving hand-counting tiny red boxes. Perhaps the most common data available on these types of Charts are precipitation from weighing-type recording rain gauges. Unfortunately, because most digitizer software assumes the data being digitized have an orthogonal coordinate system, the nonorthogonality inherent in these Charts prevents simple digitization of the data. If methodologies exist for electronically extracting rain gauge data, they are not widely known; recent texts still outline manual break-point tabulation in detail with no reference to any software or published methodologies for electronic data extraction. A simple procedure is presented here to transform digitized Chart Recorder data into meaningful, accurate data using readily available software. A comparison of manually read precipitation data and precipitation data extracted with a digitizer showed average differences of less than half the smallest marked increment on the Charts for both precipitation amount and time. Differences were almost exclusively due to human bias in locating break points rather than true error.
Anderson, Gary F. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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VIMS Ferry Pier Ambient Water Monitoring Data, Salinity and Temperature, Daily Summary 1947-2003
W&M ScholarWorks, 2021Co-Authors: Anderson, Gary F.Abstract:Bulk water parameters of Temperature and Salinity were measured at the VIMS Ferry Pier from 1947 to 2003. Initial methods were undocumented but likely automated with an instrument and Chart Recorder since the data consists of a daily high and low measurement from which a mean value was derived. Beginning in 1971 an automated instrument recorded continuously from which 2-hour measurements were made and daily minimum and maxima were derived. Beginning in 1986 an Inter-Ocean CTD instrument placed at mid-depth was interfaced to a digital data logger (Campbell Scientific CRJ) that recorded data every six minutes, resulting in 240 measurements per day. The Ferry Pier station was discontinued after the Pier was destroyed by Hurricane Isabel in September 2003. Files are provided in Text (.csv) and MS Access format
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VIMS Ferry Pier Ambient Water Monitoring and Meteorological Data, Six-minute data 1986-2003
W&M ScholarWorks, 2021Co-Authors: Anderson, Gary F.Abstract:Bulk water parameters of Temperature and Salinity were measured at the VIMS Ferry Pier from 1947 to 2003. Initial methods were undocumented but likely automated with an instrument and Chart Recorder since the data consists of a daily high and low measurement from which a mean value was derived. Beginning in 1986 an Inter-Ocean CTD instrument placed at mid-depth was interfaced to a digital data logger (Campbell Scientific CRJ) that recorded data every six minutes, resulting in 240 measurements per day. This collection contains only the six-minute data from 1986 through 2003. Weather parameters were also added in 1986 and include Wind Speed, Direction, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Solar Energy and Rainfall and are included in the data files. The Ferry Pier station was discontinued when the Pier was destroyed by Hurricane Isabel in September 2003. Files are provided in Text (.csv) and MS Access format
Todd M Walter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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digitizing Chart Recorder data coordinate system conversion for rain gauges and similar recording instruments
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 1999Co-Authors: Todd M Walter, Paul Mutch, Christa D Salmon, Donald K Mccool, Lars O HedinAbstract:Abstract Though Chart Recorder data are widely available for many environmental parameters over long periods of record, the nonorthogonal coordinate systems of many types of Recorder Charts complicates data extraction such that it is almost always manual; a tedious chore involving hand-counting tiny red boxes. Perhaps the most common data available on these types of Charts are precipitation from weighing-type recording rain gauges. Unfortunately, because most digitizer software assumes the data being digitized have an orthogonal coordinate system, the nonorthogonality inherent in these Charts prevents simple digitization of the data. If methodologies exist for electronically extracting rain gauge data, they are not widely known; recent texts still outline manual break-point tabulation in detail with no reference to any software or published methodologies for electronic data extraction. A simple procedure is presented here to transform digitized Chart Recorder data into meaningful, accurate data using read...
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notes and correspondence digitizing Chart Recorder data coordinate system conversion for rain gauges and similar recording instruments
1999Co-Authors: Todd M Walter, Paul Mutch, Christa D Salmon, Donald K Mccool, Lars O HedinAbstract:Though Chart Recorder data are widely available for many environmental parameters over long periods of record, the nonorthogonal coordinate systems of many types of Recorder Charts complicates data extraction such that it is almost always manual; a tedious chore involving hand-counting tiny red boxes. Perhaps the most common data available on these types of Charts are precipitation from weighing-type recording rain gauges. Unfortunately, because most digitizer software assumes the data being digitized have an orthogonal coordinate system, the nonorthogonality inherent in these Charts prevents simple digitization of the data. If methodologies exist for electronically extracting rain gauge data, they are not widely known; recent texts still outline manual break-point tabulation in detail with no reference to any software or published methodologies for electronic data extraction. A simple procedure is presented here to transform digitized Chart Recorder data into meaningful, accurate data using readily available software. A comparison of manually read precipitation data and precipitation data extracted with a digitizer showed average differences of less than half the smallest marked increment on the Charts for both precipitation amount and time. Differences were almost exclusively due to human bias in locating break points rather than true error.