The Experts below are selected from a list of 42735 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Guixin Chu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supplementing Chemical Fertilizer with an organic component increases soil biological function and quality
Applied Soil Ecology, 2015Co-Authors: Rui Tao, Yongchao Liang, Steven A Wakelin, Guixin ChuAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of organic-supplementation of a Chemical Fertilizer for improving soil biological activity, particularly towards disease suppression, in a drip-irrigated cotton system. Over a two-year field-based trial, our study characterized effects of partial substitution of Chemical Fertilizer with two types and amounts of organic components on the size, activity, carbon utilization potential, and culturable groups of pathogenic and antagonistic microbiota. The total microbial community size increased with application of Chemical Fertilizer ( P P P P > 0.05), but a strong year-effect was evident ( P Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum decreased with organic amendments ( P Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. were inversely correlated to the pathogen populations. Overall, the results of this exploratory study support partial substitution of inorganic Fertilizer with organic manure or bio-organic Fertilizer to promote suppression of cotton root diseases. Associated benefits on soil biological quality will further increase the sustainability of this agroecosystem.
Xiaoyuan Yan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ecosystem services of partial organic substitution for Chemical Fertilizer in a peri urban zone in china
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Quan Tang, Longlong Xia, Yongqiu Xia, Zhijun Wei, Xiaoyuan YanAbstract:Abstract Chemical nitrogen Fertilizer application in the peri-urban zone has benefited food supply, but excess nitrogen input has altered multiple ecosystem services and caused an array of ecosystem dis-services that have degraded air and water quality. Using sewage sludge compost and pig manure to partially substitute Chemical Fertilizer nitrogen may promote sustainable ecosystem services. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the values of associate ecosystem services with a unified standard. To comprehensively understand the effect of partial organic substitution on ecosystem services (supporting vegetable production and sequestering soil organic carbon) and ecosystem dis-services (greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen release), we attempted to evaluate the ecosystem service from the perspective of economic assessment. A field experiment was conducted in a peri-urban zone in eastern China, including the following six treatments at equal total nitrogen application rates: (1) no Fertilizer nitrogen applied; (2) 25% sewage sludge compost substitution; (3) 25% pig manure substitution; (4) 50% sewage sludge compost substitution; (5) 50% pig manure substitution and (6) Chemical Fertilizer nitrogen only. The results showed that partial organic substitution significantly increased annual vegetable yield by 27.8%–35.3% and annual soil organic carbon sequestration rate by 129.2%–213.8%. Moreover, greenhouse gas emissions (methane and nitrous oxide) were significantly decreased by 28.6%–43.2%; nitrogen leaching and runoff were significantly decreased by 39.0%–49.5% and 26.8%–62.0%, respectively; and ammonia volatilization was increased by 2.4%–27.8%. Overall, partial substitution with organic Fertilizer decreased total reactive nitrogen losses by 19.9%–39.8% compared with the 100% Chemical Fertilizer nitrogen treatment. Although additional labor and higher input costs were required, partial organic substitution could obtain a higher net economic benefit of 25198–90670 ¥ ha−1 yr−1 compared with the sole application of Chemical Fertilizer nitrogen. The results suggest that partial substitution of Chemical Fertilizer with organic Fertilizer can sustain ecosystem services and reduce ecosystem dis-services in the peri-urban zone and increase economic profits for farmers.
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the effect of Chemical Fertilizer on soil organic carbon renewal and co2 emission a pot experiment with maize
Plant and Soil, 2012Co-Authors: Xiaoyuan Yan, Wei Gong, Jingyan WangAbstract:Background and Aims Previous studies have clearly shown substantial increases of soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural soils of Yellow River reaches. Those soils did not receive organic Fertilizer input, but did receive Chemical Fertilizer inputs. Thus, to investigate the hypothesis that the observed SOC increases were driven by Chemical Fertilizer additions, a maize pot experiment was conducted using a Fluvisol that developed under C3 vegetation in the Yellow River reaches.
Xianfeng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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yield phosphorus use efficiency and balance response to substituting long term Chemical Fertilizer use with organic manure in a wheat maize system
Field Crops Research, 2017Co-Authors: Xiuli Xin, Shengwu Qin, Jiabao Zhang, Anning Zhu, Wenliang Yang, Xianfeng ZhangAbstract:Abstract The over-application of mineral phosphorus (P) Fertilizer has become common in the North China Plain, meanwhile, most of organic manure cannot be recycled into the soil. To make full use of organic manure and decrease the applied rate of mineral P Fertilizer, a 20-year fertilization experiment in a continuous wheat-maize rotation was carried out to assess the long-term effects of substituting mineral Fertilizer with organic manure on the yield, P use efficiency, and P balance. Treatments included organic compost (OM), half compost in combination with half mineral Fertilizer NPK (1/2 OM), mineral Fertilizer NPK (NPK), mineral Fertilizer NK (NK), and an unfertilized control (CK). The results showed that the grain yield in the NK plots was less than 1.0 t ha-1 for both wheat and maize. The highest grain yield was obtained for the NPK treatment, which was slightly higher than the yields of the 1/2 OM treatment over all the years. The effects of the compost application were greater on the maize yield than on the wheat yield. Compost addition can significantly increase the P content and P uptake. The mean P fertilization use efficiencies were 53.7, 59.9 and 61.7% in the NPK, 1/2 OM and OM treatments for the wheat-maize system, respectively. In considering the P from the Fertilizer, seed and irrigation as inputs and P uptake from crops and P storage in the 0–20 cm soil layer as outputs, no significant P loss was observed in all the treatments. The results indicated that an application of mineral Fertilizer alone at a reasonable level could result in a high crop yield and a relatively high P use efficiency. Considering the improvements in the P use efficiency and the benefits of soil fertility, replacing less than half the Chemical Fertilizer with organic Fertilizer might be a promising alternative in the North China Plain.
Qirong Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of organic inorganic compound Fertilizer with reduced Chemical Fertilizer application on crop yields soil biological activity and bacterial community structure in a rice wheat cropping system
Applied Soil Ecology, 2016Co-Authors: Jun Zhao, Zhiying Fang, Qiwei Huang, Ruifu Zhang, Biao Shen, Qirong ShenAbstract:Abstract The development of more stable and sustainable agroecosystems for improving food production has caused wide public concern in recent years. In the present study, we conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of pig manure organic–inorganic compound Fertilizer with reduced Chemical Fertilizer on the crop yields, soil physicoChemical properties, biological activities and bacterial community structure in a rice–wheat cropping system over two crop seasons (rice and wheat). The results showed that at all sampling times, this Fertilizer regime enhanced the soil nutrient availability, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and soil nitrogen processes and, to some extent, promoted crop yields. Across all soil samples, bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi at the phylum level. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on the weighted UniFrac distance revealed that the bacterial community structures were strongly separated by the sampling time, and the treatments in the wheat harvest soils. A Venn diagram of shared OTUs showed a core microbiome across different treatments and sampling times, in which the relative abundance of each abundant phylum (class) was stable in the different treatments and at different sampling times. Specifically, the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria was largely and particularly enriched under the organic–inorganic compound Fertilizer regime, indicating that soil functions, such as nitrification and the turnover of organic matter, might be strengthened under this treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that the application of organic–inorganic compound Fertilizer may reduce Chemical Fertilizer use and improve the long-term productivity and sustainability of agroecosystems.
Yunfa Qiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Continuous manuring combined with Chemical Fertilizer affects soil microbial residues in a Mollisol
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2012Co-Authors: Xueli Ding, Xiaozeng Han, Xu Dong Zhang, Yunfa Qiao, Yao LiangAbstract:In this study, the influence of 10 years’ continuous application of organic manure at various rates combined with Chemical Fertilizer on microbial residues was evaluated in a highly fertile temperate soil. The presence and origin of microbial residues were indicated by amino sugar analysis. The treatments were: (1) CK, unfertilized control; (2) OM0, only Chemical Fertilizer, no manure added; (3) OM1, organic manure added at 7.5 Mg ha−1 year−1 plus Chemical Fertilizer; (4) OM2, organic manure added at 15 Mg ha−1 year−1 plus Chemical Fertilizer; and (5) OM3, organic manure added at 22.5 Mg ha−1 year−1 plus Chemical Fertilizer. Fertilization significantly increased the total amino sugar concentrations, especially in the plots with higher manure addition rates (OM2 and OM3 plots, P < 0.05). This suggests a positive effect of organic manure combined with Chemical Fertilizer on the accumulation of microbial residues in soil. However, the highest manure rate (OM3) did not lead to further increase in the total amino sugar pool as compared with the moderate manure rate (OM2). This suggests manure addition “saturates” in its effect on microbial residue build-up. The different patterns of individual amino sugars suggest a change in the quality of microbial-derived soil organic matter after 10 years.
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changes in soil organic carbon pools after 10 years of continuous manuring combined with Chemical Fertilizer in a mollisol in china
Soil & Tillage Research, 2012Co-Authors: Xueli Ding, Xiaozeng Han, Yao Liang, Yunfa QiaoAbstract:Abstract It is still unclear that whether substantial amounts of organic manure amendment could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in a Chinese Mollisol with relatively high organic C content. Further, changes accompanied by different organic carbon (C) fractions are not well understood based on long-term experiment. The knowledge of this kind is important for assessing the potential for C sequestration of a high SOC soil and selecting effective management practices for increasing soil C sequestration and productivity in agroecosystem of northeastern China. This study was aimed to assess the effects of 10 years’ organic manuring at various rates combined with Chemical Fertilizer on organic C sequestration in topsoil (0–20 cm) and to identify changes in different SOC (total, labile, and recalcitrant) pools. Five fertilization treatments were included: (1) CK, unfertilized control; (2) OM 0 , only Chemical Fertilizer, no manure added; (3) OM 1 , organic manure added at 7.5 Mg ha −1 year −1 plus Chemical Fertilizer; (4) OM 2 , organic manure added at 15 Mg ha −1 year −1 plus Chemical Fertilizer; and (5) OM 3 , organic manure added at 22.5 Mg ha −1 year −1 plus Chemical Fertilizer. Chemical Fertilizer was supplied with the same rate in each fertilized treatment. We found that the application of graded rates of manure from OM 1 to OM 3 significantly enhanced total SOC, labile C pools, and recalcitrant C pool as compared with OM 0 and CK. The C storage (in top 20 cm) in the OM 0 , OM 1 , OM 2 , and OM 3 was increased by 3.19%, 12.5%, 14.5%, and 18.2%, respectively, over the CK treatment, suggesting that the Chemical Fertilizer addition had less effects on C-sequestration in topsoil compared to manure plus mineral Fertilizer amendment. Moreover, topsoil C-sequestration increased with organic manure addition rates with an order of OM 3 (10.5 Mg ha −1 ) > OM 2 (8.4 Mg ha −1 ) > OM 1 (7.2 Mg ha −1 ). A positive relationship between C sequestration and organic manure input indicates that the soil has not reached its maximum capacity of C sequestration. Application of organic manure with Chemical Fertilizer was found to produce greater size of both labile and recalcitrant pools than application of mineral Fertilizers alone. In most cases, the increases in these C fractions were greater when organic manure was supplied at higher rates. Moreover, increase in recalcitrant C (10.5–29.5%) was significantly higher than labile C (5.6–10.2%) in manure treated plots as compared with no amendment plot. This indicated that a majority of organic C sequestered due to C inputs was accumulated and stabilized in recalcitrant C pool. In general, organic manure combined with inorganic Fertilizer exerted greater influence on topsoil C storage and crop yield than Chemical Fertilizer alone. Based on crop yield and soil C storage, applying organic manure at the rate of 22.5 Mg ha −1 year −1 was the most effective way to improve soil productivity and C sequestration in the agroecosystem of northeastern China. However, taking use efficiency of organic inputs and environmental factors into consideration, application of manure at moderate rate (about 15 Mg ha −1 year −1 ) may be more feasible in this region.