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P. C. Porcelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of capillary pressure, adsorption and dispersion on Chemical Flood transport phenomena
Transport in Porous Media, 1996Co-Authors: M. S. Bidner, P. C. PorcelliAbstract:This is the second of two joint papers which study the influence of several physical properties on the transport phenomena in Chemical Flooding. To that aim, we use a previously reported ternary two-phase model into which representative physical properties have been incorporated as concentration-dependent functions. Physical properties such as phase behavior, interfacial tensions, residual saturations, relative permeabilities, phase viscosities and wettability have been analyzed in the first paper. In this paper, we discuss the influence of capillary pressure, adsorption of the Chemical component onto the rock and dispersion. Although arising from different phenomenological sources, these transport mechanisms show some similar effects on concentration profiles and on oil recovery. They are studied for systems with different phase behavior. A numerical analysis is also presented in order to determine the relevance of the number of grid blocks taken in the discretization of the differential equations. This numerical analysis provides useful guidelines for the selection of the appropriate numerical grid in each type of displacement.
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Influence of phase behavior on Chemical Flood transport phenomena
Transport in Porous Media, 1996Co-Authors: M. S. Bidner, P. C. PorcelliAbstract:A one-dimensional ternary two-phase simulator has been extended to include improved physical properties. These physical properties - such as phase behavior, interfacial tension, residual saturations, relative permeabilities, phase viscosities, wettability, capillary pressure, adsorption and dispersion - are modeled as concentration dependent functions. Their functionality completely controls the Chemical Flood transport phenomena. In this paper, the influence of phase behavior, interfacial tension reduction, mobility control and wettability alteration on Chemical Flooding are analyzed. In a subsequent paper the influence of capillary pressure, adsorption, and physical and numerical dispersion will be presented. The main application of the simulator here presented is to describe enhanced oil recovery processes. It may also be applied to describe oil spill cleaning and groundwater contamination.
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Influence of phase behavior on Chemical Flood transport phenomena
Transport in Porous Media, 1996Co-Authors: M. S. Bidner, P. C. PorcelliAbstract:A one-dimensional ternary two-phase simulator has been extended to include improved physical properties. These physical properties - such as phase behavior, interfacial tension, residual saturations, relative permeabilities, phase viscosities, wettability, capillary pressure, adsorption and dispersion - are modeled as concentration dependent functions. Their functionality completely controls the Chemical Flood transport phenomena.
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Simulation and transport phenomena of a ternary two-phase flow
Transport in Porous Media, 1994Co-Authors: P. C. Porcelli, M. S. BidnerAbstract:A Chemical Flood model for a three-component (petroleum, water, injected Chemical) two-phase (aqueous, oleic) system is presented. It is ruled by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations: the continuity equation for the transport of each of its components and Darcy's equation for the two-phase flow. The transport mechanisms considered are ultralow interfacial tension, capillary pressure, dispersion, adsorption, and partition of the components between the fluid phases (including solubilization and swelling). The mathematical model is numerically solved in the one-dimensional case by finite differences using an explicit and direct iterative procedure for the discretization of the conservation equations. Numerical results are compared with Yortsos and Fokas' exact solution for the linear waterFlood case including capillary pressure effects and with Larson's model for surfactant Flooding. The effects of the above-mentioned transport mechanisms on concentration profiles and on oil recovery are also analyzed.
M. S. Bidner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of capillary pressure, adsorption and dispersion on Chemical Flood transport phenomena
Transport in Porous Media, 1996Co-Authors: M. S. Bidner, P. C. PorcelliAbstract:This is the second of two joint papers which study the influence of several physical properties on the transport phenomena in Chemical Flooding. To that aim, we use a previously reported ternary two-phase model into which representative physical properties have been incorporated as concentration-dependent functions. Physical properties such as phase behavior, interfacial tensions, residual saturations, relative permeabilities, phase viscosities and wettability have been analyzed in the first paper. In this paper, we discuss the influence of capillary pressure, adsorption of the Chemical component onto the rock and dispersion. Although arising from different phenomenological sources, these transport mechanisms show some similar effects on concentration profiles and on oil recovery. They are studied for systems with different phase behavior. A numerical analysis is also presented in order to determine the relevance of the number of grid blocks taken in the discretization of the differential equations. This numerical analysis provides useful guidelines for the selection of the appropriate numerical grid in each type of displacement.
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Influence of phase behavior on Chemical Flood transport phenomena
Transport in Porous Media, 1996Co-Authors: M. S. Bidner, P. C. PorcelliAbstract:A one-dimensional ternary two-phase simulator has been extended to include improved physical properties. These physical properties - such as phase behavior, interfacial tension, residual saturations, relative permeabilities, phase viscosities, wettability, capillary pressure, adsorption and dispersion - are modeled as concentration dependent functions. Their functionality completely controls the Chemical Flood transport phenomena. In this paper, the influence of phase behavior, interfacial tension reduction, mobility control and wettability alteration on Chemical Flooding are analyzed. In a subsequent paper the influence of capillary pressure, adsorption, and physical and numerical dispersion will be presented. The main application of the simulator here presented is to describe enhanced oil recovery processes. It may also be applied to describe oil spill cleaning and groundwater contamination.
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Influence of phase behavior on Chemical Flood transport phenomena
Transport in Porous Media, 1996Co-Authors: M. S. Bidner, P. C. PorcelliAbstract:A one-dimensional ternary two-phase simulator has been extended to include improved physical properties. These physical properties - such as phase behavior, interfacial tension, residual saturations, relative permeabilities, phase viscosities, wettability, capillary pressure, adsorption and dispersion - are modeled as concentration dependent functions. Their functionality completely controls the Chemical Flood transport phenomena.
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Simulation and transport phenomena of a ternary two-phase flow
Transport in Porous Media, 1994Co-Authors: P. C. Porcelli, M. S. BidnerAbstract:A Chemical Flood model for a three-component (petroleum, water, injected Chemical) two-phase (aqueous, oleic) system is presented. It is ruled by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations: the continuity equation for the transport of each of its components and Darcy's equation for the two-phase flow. The transport mechanisms considered are ultralow interfacial tension, capillary pressure, dispersion, adsorption, and partition of the components between the fluid phases (including solubilization and swelling). The mathematical model is numerically solved in the one-dimensional case by finite differences using an explicit and direct iterative procedure for the discretization of the conservation equations. Numerical results are compared with Yortsos and Fokas' exact solution for the linear waterFlood case including capillary pressure effects and with Larson's model for surfactant Flooding. The effects of the above-mentioned transport mechanisms on concentration profiles and on oil recovery are also analyzed.
Amar J. Alshehri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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robust dynamic modelling of the impact of Chemical Flood implementation time on ultimate recovery and net present value
IOR 2017 - 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, 2017Co-Authors: Amar J. Alshehri, M A Algeer, A M AlkhatibAbstract:Summary Chemical EOR (CEOR) methods such as polymer-surfactant Flooding are used to reduce oil trapping and mobilize remaining oil. This trapping is mainly a resultant of capillary trapping associated with waterFlooding. Hence, it is believed that earlier implementation of CEOR post water-Flooding will result in higher oil recovery, as the impact of capillary trapping will be less prominent in this case. One of the main challenges associated with CEOR Flooding is the high implementation cost. Earlier implementation results in higher cost, hence defining the optimum implementation time necessities evaluating both ultimate recovery and Net Present Value (NPV). This study investigates the effect of post-waterFlood implementation time of surfactant-polymer Flooding on ultimate recovery and (NPV) - given this capillary trapping – in order to determine the optimal implementation time while maximizing the dual objectives of NPV and ultimate recovery. CEOR has been identified as an effective EOR method which is usually implemented in tertiary mode, where field development has reached a mature level. At this stage, the efficiency of waterFlooding in terms of mobilizing remaining oil declines due to capillary trapping. Although this EOR process have been implemented in tertiary mode, experimental results of earlier implementation have shown more desirable effect on recovery because capillary trapping is less prominent. This study investigates impact of post-waterFlood implementation time of surfactant-polymer Flooding on ultimate recovery and (NPV) given this capillary trapping. A series of numerical experiments were conducted to test this effect while accounting for operating expenses associated with both Flooding options. Capillary pressure curves for the waterFlood case and the Chemical Flood case were added to incorporate capillary trapping effects. Then, the Chemical-Flood implementation time was varied to evaluate its impact on the ultimate oil recovery and NPV These experiments were performed on 2 stylized reservoir models: the PUNQ-S3 and SPE10 reservoir models. In a previous work, we have only covered the static properties. A pronounced impact was seen on the NPV however no drastic changes were recorded on the ultimate recovery. In this study, we implement a robust model accounting for all dynamic properties associated with varying the implementation time of CEOR Flooding including effects on the relative permeability. In general, the sooner Chemical EOR is implemented the higher the ultimate recovery of the process. Also, results show that the optimum implementation time – based on NPV values - is function of reservoir heterogeneity, as the more heterogeneous model has earlier optimum implementation time.
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Implementation Time of Chemical Flood and its Impact on Ultimate Recovery
IOR 2015 - 18th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, 2015Co-Authors: Amar J. Alshehri, A.m. KhatibAbstract:During water Flooding processes, injected water disconnects oil droplets as it flows through pores/throats in the reservoir. These disconnections are a consequence of capillary effects hindering the mobilization of oil through pores/throats of the reservoir. Due to this capillary trapping, mobilizing the remaining oil in place by any enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process becomes very challenging. Chemical Flooding has been identified as an effective EOR method which is usually implemented in tertiary mode, where field development has reached a mature level. At this stage, the efficiency of waterFlooding processes in terms of mobilizing remaining oil declines due to capillary trapping. Chemical EOR processes such as surfactant Flooding are used to reduce this trapping and mobilize the remaining oil. Surfactants are used to reduce the interfacial tension which consequently reduces the capillary pressure effects responsible for trapping. Although most EOR processes have been implemented in tertiary mode, earlier implementation is more desirable because capillary trapping is less prominent. This study investigates the impact of post-waterFlood implementation time of surfactant Flooding on ultimate recovery and net present value (NPV) given this capillary trapping. A series of numerical experiments were conducted to test this effect while accounting for operating expenses associated with both Flooding options. Capillary pressure curves for the waterFlood case and the Chemical Flood case were added to incorporate capillary trapping effects. Then, the Chemical-Flood implementation time was varied to evaluate its impact on the ultimate oil recovery. These experiments were performed on a number of stylized reservoir models while varying field size: a 1-D coreFlood model, the PUNQ-S3, SPE10 reservoir model and a synthetic fractured reservoir model that is analogous to a Middle Eastern carbonate fractured reservoir. The implementation was conducted by an algorithm that was written in MATLAB and was coupled with a commercial reservoir simulator. Results show that the sooner Chemical EOR is implemented the higher the ultimate recovery of the process. Due to the relatively large initial investment and operating expenses associated with Chemical Flooding, water Flooding is more attractive from an NPV perspective.
Mojdeh Delshad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Numerical simulation of the impact of polymer rheology on polymer injectivity using a multilevel local grid refinement method
Petroleum Science, 2016Co-Authors: Hai Shan Luo, Mojdeh Delshad, Zhi-tao Li, Amir ShahmoradiAbstract:Polymer injectivity is an important factor for evaluating the project economics of Chemical Flood, which is highly related to the polymer viscosity. Because the flow rate varies rapidly near injectors and significantly changes the polymer viscosity due to the non-Newtonian rheological behavior, the polymer viscosity near the wellbore is difficult to estimate accurately with the practical gridblock size in reservoir simulation. To reduce the impact of polymer rheology upon Chemical EOR simulations, we used an efficient multilevel local grid refinement (LGR) method that provides a higher resolution of the flows in the near-wellbore region. An efficient numerical scheme was proposed to accurately solve the pressure equation and concentration equations on the multilevel grid for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoir cases. The block list and connections of the multilevel grid are generated via an efficient and extensible algorithm. Field case simulation results indicate that the proposed LGR is consistent with the analytical injectivity model and achieves the closest results to the full grid refinement, which considerably improves the accuracy of solutions compared with the original grid. In addition, the method was validated by comparing it with the LGR module of CMG_STARS. Besides polymer injectivity calculations, the LGR method is applicable for other problems in need of near-wellbore treatment, such as fractures near wells.
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application and variance based sensitivity analysis of surfactant polymer Flooding using modified Chemical Flood predictive model
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Alireza Mollaei, Larry W Lake, Mojdeh DelshadAbstract:Abstract We study the performance and behavior of surfactant–polymer (SP or micellar–polymer, MP) Flooding enhanced oil recovery (EOR) using an analytical Chemical Flood predictive model (CFPM). The research has two parts based on the deterministic and the stochastic nature of the problem. In a deterministic study, the SP Flood performance (ultimate recovery efficiency and oil-rate vs. time) of TORIS reservoir database (the Tertiary Oil Recovery Information System) was predicted using the modified CFPM. Results helped to determine the best candidates for SP Flooding based on each reservoir's rock and fluid properties. From there we can determine the effect of different parameters (reservoir rock and fluid properties, injection design variables) on ultimate recovery efficiency and peak oil rate of an SP Flood, which gives good clues about the sensitivity of output results to different input parameters. Stochastic study helps to recognize the behavior of the model under uncertain inputs. We used a variance-based sensitivity analysis (SA) method known as Winding Stairs (WS), which needs much fewer runs than traditional Monte-Carlo (MC) and Latin Hypercube methods. The results of the SA method facilitate identifying the most important sources of uncertainty of SP Floods either through direct influences or interactions with other parameters. Based on these results we can reduce the uncertainty of output results of SP Flood significantly by reducing the uncertainty of the input parameters that cause the largest uncertainty.
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assessment of in situ hydrocarbon saturation in the presence of deep invasion and highly saline connate water
Petrophysics, 2004Co-Authors: Bovan K George, Mojdeh Delshad, Carlos Torresverdin, Richard F Sigal, Farid Zouioueche, Barbara AndersonAbstract:This paper describes a field study undertaken to quantify the effects of mud-filtrate invasion on resistivity induction logs. The objective. is to assess in-situ gas saturation in a low-porosity carbonate formation. A large discrepancy between the salinity of connate water and drilling mud is responsible for the presence of a substantial low-resistivity annulus in the near-wellbore region. This annulus suppresses the sensitivity of electromagnetic induction currents to detecting gas saturation in the virgin zone. A quantitative explanation for the presence of the low-resistivity annulus is presented based on the physics of mud-filtrate invasion. The process of mud-filtrate invasion is modeled with a two-dimensional Chemical Flood simulator that includes the effect of salt mixing between mud filtrate and connate water. Radial resistivity profiles are obtained from the simulated spatial distributions of water saturation and salt concentration using Archie's law. These profiles confirm the presence of the low-resistivity annulus in the transition region between the flushed and virgin zones. Numerical simulation of induction logs validates the agreement between the mud-filtrate invasion model and the available wireline induction logs. An extensive sensitivity analysis is performed to quantify the effect of several petrophysical parameters on the spatial distributions of water saturation and salt concentration. Results from this study show that the pre-annulus and annulus segments of the radial resistivity profile remain insensitive to initial water saturation, thereby impeding the estimation of in-situ gas saturation from resistivity induction logs alone. Modeling of the process of mud-filtrate invasion is the only possible way to estimate in-situ hydrocarbon saturation from induction logs. It is also found that laterolog measurements are only marginally affected by the presence of a low-resistivity annulus. The sensitivity analysis described in this paper provides a rigorous quantitative method to assess the effects of different types of muds on the invaded zone prior to drilling.
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partitioning tracer test for detection estimation and remediation performance assessment of subsurface nonaqueous phase liquids
Water Resources Research, 1995Co-Authors: Minquan Jin, Mojdeh Delshad, Gary A. Pope, Kamy Sepehrnoori, Varadarajan Dwarakanath, Daene C Mckinney, Charles E Tilburg, Richard E JacksonAbstract:In this paper we present a partitioning interwell tracer test (PITT) technique for the detection, estimation, and remediation performance assessment of the subsurface contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique by examples of experimental and simulation results. The experimental results are from partitioning tracer experiments in columns packed with Ottawa sand. Both the method of moments and inverse modeling techniques for estimating NAPL saturation in the sand packs are demonstrated. In the simulation examples we use UTCHEM, a comprehensive three-dimensional, Chemical Flood compositional simulator developed at the University of Texas, to simulate a hypothetical two-dimensional aquifer with properties similar to the Borden site contaminated by tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and we show how partitioning interwell tracer tests can be used to estimate the amount of PCE contaminant before remedial action and as the remediation process proceeds. Tracer tests results from different stages of remediation are compared to determine the quantity of PCE removed and the amount remaining. Both the experimental (small-scale) and simulation (large-scale) results demonstrate that PITT can be used as an innovative and effective technique to detect and estimate the amount of residual NAPL and for remediation performance assessment in subsurface formations.
A.m. Khatib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Implementation Time of Chemical Flood and its Impact on Ultimate Recovery
IOR 2015 - 18th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, 2015Co-Authors: Amar J. Alshehri, A.m. KhatibAbstract:During water Flooding processes, injected water disconnects oil droplets as it flows through pores/throats in the reservoir. These disconnections are a consequence of capillary effects hindering the mobilization of oil through pores/throats of the reservoir. Due to this capillary trapping, mobilizing the remaining oil in place by any enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process becomes very challenging. Chemical Flooding has been identified as an effective EOR method which is usually implemented in tertiary mode, where field development has reached a mature level. At this stage, the efficiency of waterFlooding processes in terms of mobilizing remaining oil declines due to capillary trapping. Chemical EOR processes such as surfactant Flooding are used to reduce this trapping and mobilize the remaining oil. Surfactants are used to reduce the interfacial tension which consequently reduces the capillary pressure effects responsible for trapping. Although most EOR processes have been implemented in tertiary mode, earlier implementation is more desirable because capillary trapping is less prominent. This study investigates the impact of post-waterFlood implementation time of surfactant Flooding on ultimate recovery and net present value (NPV) given this capillary trapping. A series of numerical experiments were conducted to test this effect while accounting for operating expenses associated with both Flooding options. Capillary pressure curves for the waterFlood case and the Chemical Flood case were added to incorporate capillary trapping effects. Then, the Chemical-Flood implementation time was varied to evaluate its impact on the ultimate oil recovery. These experiments were performed on a number of stylized reservoir models while varying field size: a 1-D coreFlood model, the PUNQ-S3, SPE10 reservoir model and a synthetic fractured reservoir model that is analogous to a Middle Eastern carbonate fractured reservoir. The implementation was conducted by an algorithm that was written in MATLAB and was coupled with a commercial reservoir simulator. Results show that the sooner Chemical EOR is implemented the higher the ultimate recovery of the process. Due to the relatively large initial investment and operating expenses associated with Chemical Flooding, water Flooding is more attractive from an NPV perspective.