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Martin-g. Mlynczak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Update of Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) Calibration
Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XIV, 2006Co-Authors: Joseph J. Tansock, Martin-g. Mlynczak, James M. Russell, Larry L. Gordley, Chris Brown, Greg Paxton, Patrick McmichaelsAbstract:The sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry (SABER) instrument is a 10-channel infrared (1.27-16.9μm) radiometer launched on the TIMED (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics, and Dynamics) satellite in December 2001 from Vandenburg Air Force Base. SABER measures earthlimb emissions and characterizes infrared radiation, allowing calculation of atmospheric temperature and composition (ozone, water vapor, and carbon dioxide), as well as solar and Chemical Heating rates and infrared cooling rates. Although SABER focuses on the unexplored 60-180km region, it makes measurements covering the 10-350km altitude region. Ground calibration testing was completed in September 1999. Subsequent data analyses and report generation were completed in June, 2000. This paper provides a brief overview of instrument design, calibration planning, ground calibration testing, and results. Also included is an assessment of nearly five years of post launch validation and calibration maintenance. Using SABER as an example, conclusions are given regarding the benefit of a detailed calibration approach and how it enhances the quality of science data and mission success.
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Overview of the SABER experiment and preliminary calibration results
Optical Spectroscopic Techniques and Instrumentation for Atmospheric and Space Research III, 1999Co-Authors: James M. Russell, Martin-g. Mlynczak, Joseph J. Tansock, Larry L. Gordley, Roy W. EsplinAbstract:The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment is one of four experiments that will fly on the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) mission to be launched in May 2000. The primary science goal of SABER is to achieve major advances in understanding the structure, energetics, chemistry, and dynamics, in the atmospheric region extending from 60 km to 180 km altitude. This will be accomplished using the space flight proven experiment approach of spectral broadband limb emission radiometry. SABER will scan the horizon in 10 selected bands ranging from 1.27 micrometer to 17 micrometer wavelength. The observed vertical horizon emission profiles will be processed on the ground to provide vertical profiles with 2 km altitude resolution, of temperature, O3, H2O, and CO2; volume emission rates due to O2(1(Delta) ), OH((upsilon) equals 3,4,5), OH((upsilon) equals 7,8,9), and NO; key atmospheric cooling rates, solar Heating rates, Chemical Heating rates, airglow losses; geostrophic winds, atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen. Measurements will be made both night and day over the latitude range from the southern to northern polar regions. The SABER instrument uses an on-axis Cassegrain design with a clam shell reimager. Preliminary test and calibration results show excellent radiometric performance.
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Kinetic and spectroscopic requirements for the inference of Chemical Heating rates and atomic hydrogen densities from OH Meinel band measurements
Geophysical Research Letters, 1998Co-Authors: Martin-g. Mlynczak, D. K. Zhou, Steven M. Adler-goldenAbstract:We present the accuracy requirements for specific kinetic and spectroscopic parameters used in modeling populations of vibrationally excited hydroxyl. The requirements are based on simulations of the inference of Chemical energy deposition rates and atomic hydrogen densities from satellite observations of the hydroxyl Meinel band emission rates. Improvement in the rate constants which describe the collisional removal of the high-lying υ states of OH and the reaction of highlying υ states with atomic oxygen is required in addition to improved specification of the nascent distribution of energy within OH upon reaction of atomic hydrogen and ozone. These improvements are necessary for the interpretation of Meinel band measurements to be made from a new spaceflight experiment in less than 3 years.
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Energetics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and the SABER experiment
Advances in Space Research, 1997Co-Authors: Martin-g. MlynczakAbstract:Abstract The energy budget of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere is governed by numerous sources and sinks of energy including radiative, Chemical, and dynamical processes. The various radiative and Chemical sources and sinks of energy, which occur far from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), will be briefly reviewed in this paper. In addition, the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) Experiment, presently under development for the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission, will be introduced. SABER is an infrared emission limb sounder which will observe, at high radiometric accuracy, emissions from carbon dioxide (15 μm), ozone (9.6 μm), and nitric oxide (5.3 μm) to assess temperature, radiative cooling, and ozone abundances. SABER will also observe the singlet-delta molecular oxygen emission (1.27 μm), the Meinel bands of the hydroxyl radical (1.6 and 2.0 μm), water vapor (6.7 μm), and carbon dioxide emission at 4.3 μm. From these measurements a virtually complete computation of the radiative and Chemical Heating and radiative cooling rates in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere can be obtained.
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Is Chemical Heating a major cause of the mesosphere inversion layer
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1995Co-Authors: John W. Meriwether, Martin-g. MlynczakAbstract:A region of thermal enhancement of the mesosphere has been detected on numerous occasions by in situ measurements, remote sensing from space, and lidar techniques. The source of these “temperature inversion layers” has been attributed in the literature to the dissipation relating to dynamical forcing by gravity wave or tidal activity. However, the conclusion that the dynamics of the mesopause region is the principal source for such anomalies is open to question. While it is certain that the dynamics of gravity wave breaking plays an important role in providing the source of momentum flux required to drive the diabatic circulation, evidence that gravity wave breaking can produce the inversion layer with amplitude as large as that observed in lidar measurements has been limited to results of numerical modeling. We note that an alternative source exists for the production of the thermal inversion layer in the mesosphere, i.e., the direct deposition of heat by exothermic Chemical reactions. Two-dimensional modeling combining a comprehensive model of the mesosphere photochemistry with the dynamical transport of long-lived species shows that the region from 80 to 95 km may be heated as much as 3 to 10 K/d during the night and half this rate during the day. Given the uncertainties in our understanding of the dynamics and chemistry for the mesopause region, separating the two sources by passive observations of the mesosphere thermal structure looks to be difficult. Therefore we have considered an active means for producing a mesopause thermal layer, namely the release of ozone into the upper mesosphere from a rocket payload. The induced effects would include artificial enhancements of the OH and Na airglow intensities as well as the mesopause thermal structure. The advantage of the rocket release of ozone is that detection of these effects by ground-based imaging, radar, and lidar systems and comparison of these effects with model predictions would help quantify the partition of the artificial inversion layer production into sources of dynamical and Chemical forcing.
Dongdong Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conductive reduced graphene oxide mno 2 carbonized cotton fabrics with enhanced electro Chemical Heating and mechanical properties
Journal of Power Sources, 2016Co-Authors: Mingwei Tian, Kun Zhang, Shifeng Zhu, Dongdong LiuAbstract:Abstract Versatile and ductile conductive carbonized cotton fabrics decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/manganese dioxide (MnO2) are prepared in this paper. In order to endow multifunction to cotton fabric, graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on cotton fibers by simple dip-coating route. MnO2 nanoparticles are assembled on the surface of cotton fabric through in-situ Chemical solution deposition. MnO2/GO@cotton fabrics are carbonized to achieve conductive fabric (MnO2/rGO@C). The morphologies and structures of obtained fabrics are characterized by SEM, XRD, ICP and element analysis, and their electro-properties including electro-Chemical, electro-Heating and electro-mechanical properties are evaluated. The MnO2/rGO@C yields remarkable specific capacitance of 329.4 mA h/g at the current density of 100 mA/g, which is more than 40% higher than that of the control carbonized cotton fabric (231 mA h/g). Regarding electro-Heating properties, the temperature of MnO2/rGO@C fabric could be monotonically increased to the steady-state maximum temperatures (ΔTmax) of 36 °C within 5 min under the applied voltage 15 V while the ΔTmax = 17 °C of the control case. In addition, MnO2/rGO@C exhibits repeatable electro-mechanical properties and its normalized resistance (R−R0)/R0 could reach 0.78 at a constant strain (curvature = 0.6 cm−1). The MnO2/rGO@C fabric is versatile, scalable, and adaptable to a wide variety of smart textiles applications.
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Conductive reduced graphene oxide/MnO 2 carbonized cotton fabrics with enhanced electro -Chemical, -Heating, and -mechanical properties
Journal of Power Sources, 2016Co-Authors: Mingwei Tian, Du Minzhi, Kun Zhang, Shifeng Zhu, Dongdong LiuAbstract:Abstract Versatile and ductile conductive carbonized cotton fabrics decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/manganese dioxide (MnO2) are prepared in this paper. In order to endow multifunction to cotton fabric, graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on cotton fibers by simple dip-coating route. MnO2 nanoparticles are assembled on the surface of cotton fabric through in-situ Chemical solution deposition. MnO2/GO@cotton fabrics are carbonized to achieve conductive fabric (MnO2/rGO@C). The morphologies and structures of obtained fabrics are characterized by SEM, XRD, ICP and element analysis, and their electro-properties including electro-Chemical, electro-Heating and electro-mechanical properties are evaluated. The MnO2/rGO@C yields remarkable specific capacitance of 329.4 mA h/g at the current density of 100 mA/g, which is more than 40% higher than that of the control carbonized cotton fabric (231 mA h/g). Regarding electro-Heating properties, the temperature of MnO2/rGO@C fabric could be monotonically increased to the steady-state maximum temperatures (ΔTmax) of 36 °C within 5 min under the applied voltage 15 V while the ΔTmax = 17 °C of the control case. In addition, MnO2/rGO@C exhibits repeatable electro-mechanical properties and its normalized resistance (R−R0)/R0 could reach 0.78 at a constant strain (curvature = 0.6 cm−1). The MnO2/rGO@C fabric is versatile, scalable, and adaptable to a wide variety of smart textiles applications.
Mingwei Tian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conductive reduced graphene oxide mno 2 carbonized cotton fabrics with enhanced electro Chemical Heating and mechanical properties
Journal of Power Sources, 2016Co-Authors: Mingwei Tian, Kun Zhang, Shifeng Zhu, Dongdong LiuAbstract:Abstract Versatile and ductile conductive carbonized cotton fabrics decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/manganese dioxide (MnO2) are prepared in this paper. In order to endow multifunction to cotton fabric, graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on cotton fibers by simple dip-coating route. MnO2 nanoparticles are assembled on the surface of cotton fabric through in-situ Chemical solution deposition. MnO2/GO@cotton fabrics are carbonized to achieve conductive fabric (MnO2/rGO@C). The morphologies and structures of obtained fabrics are characterized by SEM, XRD, ICP and element analysis, and their electro-properties including electro-Chemical, electro-Heating and electro-mechanical properties are evaluated. The MnO2/rGO@C yields remarkable specific capacitance of 329.4 mA h/g at the current density of 100 mA/g, which is more than 40% higher than that of the control carbonized cotton fabric (231 mA h/g). Regarding electro-Heating properties, the temperature of MnO2/rGO@C fabric could be monotonically increased to the steady-state maximum temperatures (ΔTmax) of 36 °C within 5 min under the applied voltage 15 V while the ΔTmax = 17 °C of the control case. In addition, MnO2/rGO@C exhibits repeatable electro-mechanical properties and its normalized resistance (R−R0)/R0 could reach 0.78 at a constant strain (curvature = 0.6 cm−1). The MnO2/rGO@C fabric is versatile, scalable, and adaptable to a wide variety of smart textiles applications.
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Conductive reduced graphene oxide/MnO 2 carbonized cotton fabrics with enhanced electro -Chemical, -Heating, and -mechanical properties
Journal of Power Sources, 2016Co-Authors: Mingwei Tian, Du Minzhi, Kun Zhang, Shifeng Zhu, Dongdong LiuAbstract:Abstract Versatile and ductile conductive carbonized cotton fabrics decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/manganese dioxide (MnO2) are prepared in this paper. In order to endow multifunction to cotton fabric, graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on cotton fibers by simple dip-coating route. MnO2 nanoparticles are assembled on the surface of cotton fabric through in-situ Chemical solution deposition. MnO2/GO@cotton fabrics are carbonized to achieve conductive fabric (MnO2/rGO@C). The morphologies and structures of obtained fabrics are characterized by SEM, XRD, ICP and element analysis, and their electro-properties including electro-Chemical, electro-Heating and electro-mechanical properties are evaluated. The MnO2/rGO@C yields remarkable specific capacitance of 329.4 mA h/g at the current density of 100 mA/g, which is more than 40% higher than that of the control carbonized cotton fabric (231 mA h/g). Regarding electro-Heating properties, the temperature of MnO2/rGO@C fabric could be monotonically increased to the steady-state maximum temperatures (ΔTmax) of 36 °C within 5 min under the applied voltage 15 V while the ΔTmax = 17 °C of the control case. In addition, MnO2/rGO@C exhibits repeatable electro-mechanical properties and its normalized resistance (R−R0)/R0 could reach 0.78 at a constant strain (curvature = 0.6 cm−1). The MnO2/rGO@C fabric is versatile, scalable, and adaptable to a wide variety of smart textiles applications.
G. R. Sonnemann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of a stratospheric warming event in January 2001 on the minor constituents in the MLT region calculated on the basis of a new 3D-model LIMA of the dynamics and chemistry of the middle atmosphere
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 2006Co-Authors: G. R. Sonnemann, M. Grygalashvyly, Uwe BergerAbstract:The impact of a stratospheric warming event upon the minor constituents in the MLT region has been investigated by means of a new 3D-model of the dynamics and chemistry of the middle atmosphere. The Leibniz-Institute Middle Atmosphere (LIMA) model assimilates the temperature and wind data of the troposphere/lower stratosphere according to global European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data for the year 2001 and calculates their effect on the mesospheric dynamics and chemistry. In a case study of an individual event at the end of January 2001, we discuss the marked aeronomic changes connected with the stratospheric warming event. In particular, we consider the diurnal variations of the most important minor constituents such as ozone and hydrogen radicals. Additionally, we also calculate the Chemical Heating rate which is important for the dynamics of the mesopause region.
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On the two-day oscillations and the day-to-day variability in global 3-D-modeling of the Chemical system of the upper mesosphere/mesopause region
Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 2005Co-Authors: G. R. Sonnemann, M. GrygalashvylyAbstract:The integration of the photoChemical system of the upper mesosphere/mesopause region brought evidence that the system is able to respond in a nonlinear manner under certain conditions. Under the action of the diurnally-periodic insolation, the system creates subharmonic oscillations or chaos if disregarding strong diffusion, and under special conditions it possesses multiple solutions. The models used in the past were simplified and idealized in view of the number of dimensions and the consideration of the full dynamics. On the basis of our global 3-D-model of the dynamics and chemistry of the middle atmosphere (COMMA-IAP), we also found a nonlinear response in the photochemistry under realistic conditions. The model under consideration is not yet self-consistent, but the Chemical model uses the dynamical fields calculated by the dynamic model. From our calculations we got period-2 oscillations of the photoChemical system within confined latitudinal regions around the solstices but not during the equinoxes. The consequence of the period-2 oscillation of the Chemical active minor constituents is that a marked two-day variation of the Chemical Heating rates is an important thermal pumping mechanism. We discuss these findings particularly in terms of the influence of realistic dynamics on the creation of nonlinear effects.
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On the influence of diffusion upon the nonlinear behavior of the photochemistry of the mesopause region
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 1999Co-Authors: G. R. Sonnemann, Alexander Feigin, Yaroslav I. MolkovAbstract:The photoChemical system of the mesopause region is a nonlinear driven oscillator enforced by the diurnal-periodic solar radiation. Under idealized conditions this oscillator can display nonlinear effects such as period doubling cascades or chaos. We investigate what happens if this system is subjected to atmospheric diffusion. A high-resolution one-dimensional Chemical system of the mesopause region has been established in order to answer this question. Strong diffusion destroys nonlinear effects, but for the lower values of the diffusion coefficient which are still of the order of magnitude of real values, different nonlinear effects occur. The most important effect consisted of the creation of a 2-day subharmonic oscillation. Such a 2-day oscillation of the concentration of Chemical active species entails a corresponding oscillation of the Chemical Heating rates which feeds back to the dynamics of this region. The zonal wind influences the period of the oscillation so that the periods differ from the exact 48-hour value by a few hours depending on the wind velocity and its direction. We call this phenomenon the photoChemical Doppler effect.
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A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMIC MODEL OF THE MINOR CONSTITUENTS OF THE MESOSPHERE
Atmospheric Environment, 1998Co-Authors: G. R. Sonnemann, Ch. Kremp, Adolf Ebel, U. BergerAbstract:Abstract A global three-dimensional model of the dynamics and chemistry of the mesosphere—lower thermosphere region (30–150 km) has been developed. This model is used to calculate the distributions of the most important minor and plasma constituents. Additionally, the mass fluxes of those constituents subjected to transport and the Chemical Heating rates have been computed. In view of the connection between the stratospheric and mesospheric odd-oxygen distribution, we concentrate here on discussing the mesospheric ozone chemistry at the equinox.
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Calculation of the global Chemical Heating rates by means of a 3d-model of dynamics and chemistry
Advances in Space Research, 1997Co-Authors: G. R. Sonnemann, Ch. Kremp, Adolf Ebel, U. BergerAbstract:Abstract On the basis of a coupled 3d-model of the dynamics and chemistry of the mesosphere (30–150 km) the global distribution of the most relevant minor constituents has been calculated. A selection of results obtained in particular for oxygen and related Chemical Heating rates from different model experiments is presented.
Kun Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conductive reduced graphene oxide mno 2 carbonized cotton fabrics with enhanced electro Chemical Heating and mechanical properties
Journal of Power Sources, 2016Co-Authors: Mingwei Tian, Kun Zhang, Shifeng Zhu, Dongdong LiuAbstract:Abstract Versatile and ductile conductive carbonized cotton fabrics decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/manganese dioxide (MnO2) are prepared in this paper. In order to endow multifunction to cotton fabric, graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on cotton fibers by simple dip-coating route. MnO2 nanoparticles are assembled on the surface of cotton fabric through in-situ Chemical solution deposition. MnO2/GO@cotton fabrics are carbonized to achieve conductive fabric (MnO2/rGO@C). The morphologies and structures of obtained fabrics are characterized by SEM, XRD, ICP and element analysis, and their electro-properties including electro-Chemical, electro-Heating and electro-mechanical properties are evaluated. The MnO2/rGO@C yields remarkable specific capacitance of 329.4 mA h/g at the current density of 100 mA/g, which is more than 40% higher than that of the control carbonized cotton fabric (231 mA h/g). Regarding electro-Heating properties, the temperature of MnO2/rGO@C fabric could be monotonically increased to the steady-state maximum temperatures (ΔTmax) of 36 °C within 5 min under the applied voltage 15 V while the ΔTmax = 17 °C of the control case. In addition, MnO2/rGO@C exhibits repeatable electro-mechanical properties and its normalized resistance (R−R0)/R0 could reach 0.78 at a constant strain (curvature = 0.6 cm−1). The MnO2/rGO@C fabric is versatile, scalable, and adaptable to a wide variety of smart textiles applications.
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Conductive reduced graphene oxide/MnO 2 carbonized cotton fabrics with enhanced electro -Chemical, -Heating, and -mechanical properties
Journal of Power Sources, 2016Co-Authors: Mingwei Tian, Du Minzhi, Kun Zhang, Shifeng Zhu, Dongdong LiuAbstract:Abstract Versatile and ductile conductive carbonized cotton fabrics decorated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/manganese dioxide (MnO2) are prepared in this paper. In order to endow multifunction to cotton fabric, graphene oxide (GO) is deposited on cotton fibers by simple dip-coating route. MnO2 nanoparticles are assembled on the surface of cotton fabric through in-situ Chemical solution deposition. MnO2/GO@cotton fabrics are carbonized to achieve conductive fabric (MnO2/rGO@C). The morphologies and structures of obtained fabrics are characterized by SEM, XRD, ICP and element analysis, and their electro-properties including electro-Chemical, electro-Heating and electro-mechanical properties are evaluated. The MnO2/rGO@C yields remarkable specific capacitance of 329.4 mA h/g at the current density of 100 mA/g, which is more than 40% higher than that of the control carbonized cotton fabric (231 mA h/g). Regarding electro-Heating properties, the temperature of MnO2/rGO@C fabric could be monotonically increased to the steady-state maximum temperatures (ΔTmax) of 36 °C within 5 min under the applied voltage 15 V while the ΔTmax = 17 °C of the control case. In addition, MnO2/rGO@C exhibits repeatable electro-mechanical properties and its normalized resistance (R−R0)/R0 could reach 0.78 at a constant strain (curvature = 0.6 cm−1). The MnO2/rGO@C fabric is versatile, scalable, and adaptable to a wide variety of smart textiles applications.