The Experts below are selected from a list of 1077 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hannu Rintamaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cold and Heat Strain during Cold-Weather Field Training with Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Protective Clothing
Military Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu RintamakiAbstract:ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the thermal strain of soldiers wearing nuclear, biological, and Chemical Protective Clothing during short-term field training in cold conditions. Eleven male subjects performed marching exercises at moderate and heavy activity levels for 60 minutes. Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperatures, and heart rate were monitored. Ambient temperature (Ta) varied from −33 to 0°C. Tre was affected by changes in metabolism, rather than in Ta. Tre increased above 38°C during heavy exercise even at −33°C. The mean skin temperature decreased to tolerance level (25°C) at Ta below −25°C with moderate exercise. Finger temperature decreased below 15°C (performance degradation) at Ta of −15°C or cooler. The present results from the field confirm the previous results based on laboratory studies and show that risk of both heat and cold strain is evident, with cooling of extremities being most critical, while wearing nuclear, biological, and Chemical Protective Clothing dur...
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prediction of duration limited exposure for participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing in the cold
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2000Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu Rintamaki, Ingvar HolmerAbstract:The suitability of the IREQ (insulation required) index for predicting the thermal responses of 6 participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing was tested during exercise at -20 and -25 degrees C. IREQ was used to calculate duration limited exposure (DLE). Measured DLE correlated (r =0.899, p <0.001) with the predicted DLE. In exposures exceeding 40 min, however, the predicted DLE tended to be 10-20 min too short compared to the measured one. During short exposures the prediction was 5-20 min too long. The results show that IREQ overestimated the cold strain in participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing during cold exposures longer than 40 min. Nevertheless, predicted DLE never exceeded measured times and thus the prediction was always safe from the occupational point of view.
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Prediction of duration limited exposure for participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing in the cold.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2000Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu Rintamaki, Ingvar HolmerAbstract:The suitability of the IREQ (insulation required) index for predicting the thermal responses of 6 participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing was tested during exercise at -20 and -25 degrees C. IREQ was used to calculate duration limited exposure (DLE). Measured DLE correlated (r =0.899, p
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Effects of repeated exercise/rest sessions at –10°C on skin and rectal temperatures in men wearing Chemical Protective Clothing
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 1998Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu RintamakiAbstract:The development of thermophysiological responses during four consecutive exercise/rest sessions in the cold was studied in men wearing Chemical Protective Clothing and a face mask. Six men repeated four exercise/rest sessions during 8 h at –10°C. Each session consisted of step exercise (240 W · m^−2) for 60 min and rest for another 60 min. Rectal and skin temperatures were measured continuously and thermal sensations were obtained at 30-min intervals. Entering the cold from a warm environment and the onset of exercise resulted in a decrease in skin temperatures during the first session and the decrement in the temperatures of the extremities continued for 10–20 min during the following period of exercise. Torso skin temperature was at its lowest during the first rest period. After the first session of cold exposure the range and the level of variation in mean body temperature ( T¯ _b) followed a pattern which was repeated until the end of the experiment. However, the torso skin temperatures increased gradually until the fourth session, while the temperatures of the extremities, in contrast, tended to decrease up to the third session. In conclusion, the present results indicated that although T¯ _b, reflecting the whole body heat balance, showed a typical pattern of change after the first session (2 h), the torso area was warming until the end of the cold exposure while the extremities continued to cool down up to the third session (6 h), obviously due to a prolonged redistribution of the circulation.
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Effects of repeated exercise/rest sessions at -10 degrees C on skin and rectal temperatures in men wearing Chemical Protective Clothing
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu RintamakiAbstract:The development of thermophysiological responses during four consecutive exercise/rest sessions in the cold was studied in men wearing Chemical Protective Clothing and a face mask. Six men repeated four exercise/rest sessions during 8 h at –10°C. Each session consisted of step exercise (240 W · m−2) for 60 min and rest for another 60 min. Rectal and skin temperatures were measured continuously and thermal sensations were obtained at 30-min intervals. Entering the cold from a warm environment and the onset of exercise resulted in a decrease in skin temperatures during the first session and the decrement in the temperatures of the extremities continued for 10–20 min during the following period of exercise. Torso skin temperature was at its lowest during the first rest period. After the first session of cold exposure the range and the level of variation in mean body temperature (T¯b) followed a pattern which was repeated until the end of the experiment. However, the torso skin temperatures increased gradually until the fourth session, while the temperatures of the extremities, in contrast, tended to decrease up to the third session. In conclusion, the present results indicated that although T¯b, reflecting the whole body heat balance, showed a typical pattern of change after the first session (2 h), the torso area was warming until the end of the cold exposure while the extremities continued to cool down up to the third session (6 h), obviously due to a prolonged redistribution of the circulation.
Sirkka Rissanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cold and Heat Strain during Cold-Weather Field Training with Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Protective Clothing
Military Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu RintamakiAbstract:ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the thermal strain of soldiers wearing nuclear, biological, and Chemical Protective Clothing during short-term field training in cold conditions. Eleven male subjects performed marching exercises at moderate and heavy activity levels for 60 minutes. Rectal temperature (Tre), skin temperatures, and heart rate were monitored. Ambient temperature (Ta) varied from −33 to 0°C. Tre was affected by changes in metabolism, rather than in Ta. Tre increased above 38°C during heavy exercise even at −33°C. The mean skin temperature decreased to tolerance level (25°C) at Ta below −25°C with moderate exercise. Finger temperature decreased below 15°C (performance degradation) at Ta of −15°C or cooler. The present results from the field confirm the previous results based on laboratory studies and show that risk of both heat and cold strain is evident, with cooling of extremities being most critical, while wearing nuclear, biological, and Chemical Protective Clothing dur...
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prediction of duration limited exposure for participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing in the cold
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2000Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu Rintamaki, Ingvar HolmerAbstract:The suitability of the IREQ (insulation required) index for predicting the thermal responses of 6 participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing was tested during exercise at -20 and -25 degrees C. IREQ was used to calculate duration limited exposure (DLE). Measured DLE correlated (r =0.899, p <0.001) with the predicted DLE. In exposures exceeding 40 min, however, the predicted DLE tended to be 10-20 min too short compared to the measured one. During short exposures the prediction was 5-20 min too long. The results show that IREQ overestimated the cold strain in participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing during cold exposures longer than 40 min. Nevertheless, predicted DLE never exceeded measured times and thus the prediction was always safe from the occupational point of view.
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Prediction of duration limited exposure for participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing in the cold.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2000Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu Rintamaki, Ingvar HolmerAbstract:The suitability of the IREQ (insulation required) index for predicting the thermal responses of 6 participants wearing Chemical Protective Clothing was tested during exercise at -20 and -25 degrees C. IREQ was used to calculate duration limited exposure (DLE). Measured DLE correlated (r =0.899, p
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Effects of repeated exercise/rest sessions at –10°C on skin and rectal temperatures in men wearing Chemical Protective Clothing
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 1998Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu RintamakiAbstract:The development of thermophysiological responses during four consecutive exercise/rest sessions in the cold was studied in men wearing Chemical Protective Clothing and a face mask. Six men repeated four exercise/rest sessions during 8 h at –10°C. Each session consisted of step exercise (240 W · m^−2) for 60 min and rest for another 60 min. Rectal and skin temperatures were measured continuously and thermal sensations were obtained at 30-min intervals. Entering the cold from a warm environment and the onset of exercise resulted in a decrease in skin temperatures during the first session and the decrement in the temperatures of the extremities continued for 10–20 min during the following period of exercise. Torso skin temperature was at its lowest during the first rest period. After the first session of cold exposure the range and the level of variation in mean body temperature ( T¯ _b) followed a pattern which was repeated until the end of the experiment. However, the torso skin temperatures increased gradually until the fourth session, while the temperatures of the extremities, in contrast, tended to decrease up to the third session. In conclusion, the present results indicated that although T¯ _b, reflecting the whole body heat balance, showed a typical pattern of change after the first session (2 h), the torso area was warming until the end of the cold exposure while the extremities continued to cool down up to the third session (6 h), obviously due to a prolonged redistribution of the circulation.
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Effects of repeated exercise/rest sessions at -10 degrees C on skin and rectal temperatures in men wearing Chemical Protective Clothing
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1998Co-Authors: Sirkka Rissanen, Hannu RintamakiAbstract:The development of thermophysiological responses during four consecutive exercise/rest sessions in the cold was studied in men wearing Chemical Protective Clothing and a face mask. Six men repeated four exercise/rest sessions during 8 h at –10°C. Each session consisted of step exercise (240 W · m−2) for 60 min and rest for another 60 min. Rectal and skin temperatures were measured continuously and thermal sensations were obtained at 30-min intervals. Entering the cold from a warm environment and the onset of exercise resulted in a decrease in skin temperatures during the first session and the decrement in the temperatures of the extremities continued for 10–20 min during the following period of exercise. Torso skin temperature was at its lowest during the first rest period. After the first session of cold exposure the range and the level of variation in mean body temperature (T¯b) followed a pattern which was repeated until the end of the experiment. However, the torso skin temperatures increased gradually until the fourth session, while the temperatures of the extremities, in contrast, tended to decrease up to the third session. In conclusion, the present results indicated that although T¯b, reflecting the whole body heat balance, showed a typical pattern of change after the first session (2 h), the torso area was warming until the end of the cold exposure while the extremities continued to cool down up to the third session (6 h), obviously due to a prolonged redistribution of the circulation.
Krister Forsberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical Protective Clothing : permeation and degradation compendium
2019Co-Authors: Krister Forsberg, Lawrence H. KeithAbstract:Chemical Protective Clothing information, Chemicals and mixtures permeation index numbers where to find additional technical information. (Part Contents).
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Chemical Protective Clothing
Patty's Industrial Hygiene, 2011Co-Authors: Krister ForsbergAbstract:The hazardous Chemicals contact to skin and enter in internal organs through blood. These Chemicals cause damage to internal organs and also responsible for skin irritation, burns or sensitization. The main function of Chemical Protective Clothing is the prevention of Chemicals potentially hazardous to skin and lowering the risk of injury or illness. The present study focuses the importance of determining the risks and the resistance of Protective Clothing material for each Chemical of interest. Besides this, important considerations for the selection, standards, and usage of Chemical Protective Clothing have also been addressed. Keywords: Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC); permeation; gloves; Chemical resistance
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Patty's Industrial Hygiene - Chemical Protective Clothing
Patty's Industrial Hygiene, 2011Co-Authors: Krister ForsbergAbstract:The hazardous Chemicals contact to skin and enter in internal organs through blood. These Chemicals cause damage to internal organs and also responsible for skin irritation, burns or sensitization. The main function of Chemical Protective Clothing is the prevention of Chemicals potentially hazardous to skin and lowering the risk of injury or illness. The present study focuses the importance of determining the risks and the resistance of Protective Clothing material for each Chemical of interest. Besides this, important considerations for the selection, standards, and usage of Chemical Protective Clothing have also been addressed. Keywords: Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC); permeation; gloves; Chemical resistance
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Comprar Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing | Krister Forsberg | 9780470146811 | Wiley
2007Co-Authors: Krister ForsbergAbstract:Tienda online donde Comprar Quick Selection Guide to Chemical Protective Clothing al precio 48,20 € de Krister Forsberg, tienda de Libros de Medicina, Libros de Quimica - Quimica
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quick selection guide to Chemical Protective Clothing
1993Co-Authors: Krister Forsberg, S Z MansdorfAbstract:Preface. Acknowledgments. Sectionon I. Introduction. Performance Data. Rational for Selecting Chemical Protective Clothing. How to Use This Guide. Section II. Selection And Use Of Chemical Protective Clothing. Introduction to Some Important Terms. Selection and Use of Protective Clothing. Ten Important Considerations for the Selection and Use of Chemical Protective Clothing. Checklist for Selection, Use, Care and Maintenance, and Disposal of Chemical Protective Clothing. Section III. Chemical Index. Chemical Class Numbers. Chemical Names. Synonyms. Chemical Abstract Service Number. Risk Codes. Chemical Warfare Agents. Special Notes. Section IV. Selection Recommendations. Barriers. Important Notes. Color Codes. ASTM F1001 Guide and EN 374 Requirements. Application of ASTM F1001/EN 374-1 Chemical Test Battery. Important Notes. Trade Name Table. Important Notes. Master Chemical Resistance Table. Section V. Glossary. Section VI. Standards for Chemical Protective Clothing. Section VII. Manufacturers of Chemical Protective Clothing.
Pyoung-kyu Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Experimental Study on the Fire Risk Assessment & Calculation Breakthrough Time through Permeation Test of Chemical Protective Clothing
2010Co-Authors: Pyoung-kyu ParkAbstract:We have test Chemical resistance and flame retardant properties of Chemical Protective Clothing Fabrics by the ASTM and ISO standard methods. The flame retardant test results show that polyethylene is poor in flame resistance but fluoroelastomer add to decabrom is excellent in flame resistance. Especially, nowadays heat Protective Clothing for firefighters, which is aluminized film layers laminated to aramid fabric, show the excellent flame resistance. However, the Chemical resistance test results show that aluminium is high corrosive in 4M NaOH solution alone. The problem of corrosion can be overcome by employing multiple barrier film. Also, based on the result of flame retardant test, duel skin of polymer barrier film add to aluminum film and single skin of fluorinated rubber with flame retardant materials seems to be fit for the Chemical Protective Clothing. Also the thermal protection and heat transfer test results show that TPP and HTI is increased assured that the continued study on fire risk assessment & Chemical resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing fabrics will contribute to the upgrade the performances of Chemical Protective Clothing fabrics.
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an experimental study on the fire risk assessment calculation breakthrough time through permeation test of Chemical Protective Clothing
Fire Science and Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Pyoung-kyu ParkAbstract:We have test Chemical resistance and flame retardant properties of Chemical Protective Clothing Fabrics by the ASTM and ISO standard methods. The flame retardant test results show that polyethylene is poor in flame resistance but fluoroelastomer add to decabrom is excellent in flame resistance. Especially, nowadays heat Protective Clothing for firefighters, which is aluminized film layers laminated to aramid fabric, show the excellent flame resistance. However, the Chemical resistance test results show that aluminium is high corrosive in 4M NaOH solution alone. The problem of corrosion can be overcome by employing multiple barrier film. Also, based on the result of flame retardant test, duel skin of polymer barrier film add to aluminum film and single skin of fluorinated rubber with flame retardant materials seems to be fit for the Chemical Protective Clothing. Also the thermal protection and heat transfer test results show that TPP and HTI is increased assured that the continued study on fire risk assessment & Chemical resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing fabrics will contribute to the upgrade the performances of Chemical Protective Clothing fabrics.
Edward T. Zellers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of solvents permeating through Chemical Protective Clothing with a microsensor array
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2000Co-Authors: Jeongim Park, Edward T. ZellersAbstract:The performance of a novel prototype instrument in determining solvents and solvent mixtures permeating through samples of Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) materials was evaluated. The instrument contains a mini-preconcentrator and an array of three polymer-coated surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) microsensors whose collective response patterns are used to discriminate among multiple permeants. Permeation tests were performed with a 2.54 cm diameter test cell in an open-loop configuration on samples of common glove materials challenged with four individual solvents, three binary mixtures, and two ternary mixtures. Breakthrough times, defined as the times required for the permeation rate to reach a value of 1 µg cm−2 min−1, determined by the instrument were within 3 min of those determined in parallel by manual sampling and gas chromatographic analysis. Permeating solvents were recognized (identified) from their response patterns in 59 out of 64 measurements (92%) and their vapor concentrations were quantified to an accuracy of ±31% (typically ±10%). These results demonstrate the potential for such instrumentation to provide semi-automated field or bench-top screening of CPC permeation resistance.
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Three-dimensional solubility parameters and Chemical Protective Clothing permeation. I. Modeling the solubility of organic solvents in Viton® golves
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1993Co-Authors: Edward T. ZellersAbstract:A model based on the polymer solution theory of Flory and Rehner is presented for estimating the solubility of organic solvents in Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) polymers using three-dimensional (3-D) solubility parameters. Immersion test solubility values of 40 organic solvents in commercial Viton® glove samples are used to develop and assess the performance of the model. It is found that the solvent-polymer 3-D solubility parameter differences must be weighted to obtain accurate solubility estimates. However, in most cases, a single weighting factor is sufficient to bring estimated values within a factor of two of experimental values for the members of a given Chemical class. The effect of temperature on solubility from 25 to 37°C is predicated within 6%, on average, for the subset of 17 solvents examined. In the companion article that follows, solubility values estimated with this approach are combined with diffusion coefficients, also estimated using 3-D solubility parameters, to determine solvent-Viton breakthrough times and steady-state permeation rates. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.