The Experts below are selected from a list of 627 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

J. Cavalieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemical Sterilisation of animals: A review of the use of zinc- and CaCl2 based solutions in male and female animals and factors likely to improve responses to treatment.
    Animal Reproduction Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: J. Cavalieri
    Abstract:

    Chemical Sterilisation can be used as an alternative to surgical castration in some circumstances. This review focuses on responses to treatment with zinc- or CaCl2-based chemosterilants, factors that have affected treatments and their potential use to sterilise female cattle. Successful treatment with a low incidence of adverse side effects in male animals has occurred with the use of zinc gluconate (ZG), neutralised in arginine and a 20% solution of CaCl2 in ethanol. Injection technique plays an important role in success. Less satisfactory results appear to occur following use in animals with relatively larger testes. In animals with relatively small testes adjustment of the dose according to testicular size appears to optimise results. The techniques appear to be most suited to population control strategies in companion animals where low cost treatment of animals in environments where surgical facilities and specialised aftercare are lacking. The need for careful administration and likely slower speed of administration compared to surgical castration are likely to hamper application within the cattle industries. Recently transvaginal, intraovarian administration of CaCl2 in ethanol has been shown to cause complete ovarian atrophy without apparent pain in some heifers, although variable responses were found. Chemical Sterilisation can play a role in the Sterilisation of animals but careful attention to dose, volume, Chemical composition, administration technique are needed to avoid adverse side effects and variability in responses associated with some treatments. Application in female animals requires further study but CaCl2 in ethanol can potentially cause complete ovarian atrophy when administered to heifers.

  • Chemical Sterilisation of Bos indicus bull calves following intratesticular injection of zinc acetate: effects on semen quality and testicular changes.
    Animal Reproduction Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: J. Cavalieri, M. Wang, Linda K. Johnson
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to determine the effects in Bos indicus bull calves of intratesticular administration of 1 mL of either saline (n = 9) or one of the two doses of zinc acetate (ZA1, 57.75 mg, n = 10 or ZA2, 71.75 mg, n = 10) on semen quality and testicular changes. Semen was collected by electroejaculation on Days 343, 524 and 783 and animals were slaughtered on Day 860. Treatment reduced median maximum number of progressively motile and morphologically normal sperm collected (P = 0.001) and the percentage of animals in which sperm were recovered (saline: 100%, 9/9; ZA1: 44.9%, 4/9 and ZA2: 40.0%, 4/10; P = 0.013). Compared to saline treated controls, treatment with ZA reduced the mean diameter of the testes after Day 34 of treatment (treatment × time, P = 0.013) and total testicular weight at slaughter (treatment: mean ± SEM; saline: 569.4 ± 59.0 g, ZA1: 249.3 ± 72.9 g, ZA2: 247.5 ± 68.1 g; P = 0.004). Histological changes in testes of bulls treated with ZA were characterized by germ cell depletion, vacuolation of Sertoli cells, interstitial fibrosis, epididymal duct atrophy with variable remnants of testicular tissue and degeneration. We conclude that intratesticular administration of two doses of ZA in B. indicus calves is able to severely impair spermatogenesis and cause varying degrees of testicular degeneration and a reduction in testicular diameter and mass. Further investigation is required to determine ways of obtaining more consistent results from treatment.

  • Chemical Sterilisation of Bos indicus bull calves following intratesticular injection of zinc acetate: Effects on growth and concentrations of testosterone.
    Animal Reproduction Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: J. Cavalieri, M. Wang
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to determine the effects in Bos indicus calves of intra-testicular injection of either saline (n = 9) or one of two doses of zinc acetate ((ZA1, 57.75 mg, n=10, or ZA2, 71.75 mg, n=10) or surgical castration (n=9) on circulating concentrations of testostosterone and liveweight. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG, 1500 IU) was administered 202 and 525 days after treatment on Day 0 and animals were slaughtered on Day 860. In animals left intact treatment with ZA reduced mean serum concentrations of testosterone (Saline: 5.58 +/- 0.79 ng/mL, ZA1: 1.28 +/- 0.27 ng/mL, ZA2: 1.01 +/- 0.17 ng/mL; P = 1.0 ng/mL exhibited greater liveweights throughout most of the study and yielded heavier carcass weights (340.9 +/- 7.02 versus 309.3 +/- 6.17 kg, P=0.002). It is concluded that a single, intra-testicular administration of either 57.75 mg or 71.75 mg of ZA was able to similarly reduce circulating concentrations of testosterone without significantly affecting liveweights or carcass weights. Treatment with ZA can result in variation in circulating concentrations of testosterone which could lead to differences in behaviour, liveweights and carcass characteristics.

John Henderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Core Topics in Airway Management: Tracheal intubation: direct laryngoscopy
    Core Topics in Airway Management, 2010
    Co-Authors: John Henderson
    Abstract:

    Cross-infection may occur through reusable airway devices. The infective agent for transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) transmission is an abnormal prion protein. No prion-specific nucleic acid is involved in disease transmission, and abnormal prion-protein infectivity is not controlled by standard decontamination procedures of standard autoclaving or cold Chemical Sterilisation. A guideline on infection control within anaesthesia was published by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) in 2008 and provides valuable advice. There are three possible options for airway equipment, single use equipment, steam Sterilisation or cold Chemical Sterilisation. Single use equipment eliminates the risk of cross-infection between patients through the airway device and is the preferred option. Repeated cycles of heat Sterilisation will produce loss of transmitted light in rigid laryngoscope bundles. Cold Chemical Sterilisation is appropriate for devices which are not single use and are thermally sensitive. Automated disinfectors should be used for fibrescopes.

  • Core Topics in Airway Management: Tracheal intubation: direct laryngoscopy
    Core Topics in Airway Management, 2010
    Co-Authors: John Henderson
    Abstract:

    Cross-infection may occur through reusable airway devices. The infective agent for transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) transmission is an abnormal prion protein. No prion-specific nucleic acid is involved in disease transmission, and abnormal prion-protein infectivity is not controlled by standard decontamination procedures of standard autoclaving or cold Chemical Sterilisation. A guideline on infection control within anaesthesia was published by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) in 2008 and provides valuable advice. There are three possible options for airway equipment, single use equipment, steam Sterilisation or cold Chemical Sterilisation. Single use equipment eliminates the risk of cross-infection between patients through the airway device and is the preferred option. Repeated cycles of heat Sterilisation will produce loss of transmitted light in rigid laryngoscope bundles. Cold Chemical Sterilisation is appropriate for devices which are not single use and are thermally sensitive. Automated disinfectors should be used for fibrescopes.

M. Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemical Sterilisation of Bos indicus bull calves following intratesticular injection of zinc acetate: effects on semen quality and testicular changes.
    Animal Reproduction Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: J. Cavalieri, M. Wang, Linda K. Johnson
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to determine the effects in Bos indicus bull calves of intratesticular administration of 1 mL of either saline (n = 9) or one of the two doses of zinc acetate (ZA1, 57.75 mg, n = 10 or ZA2, 71.75 mg, n = 10) on semen quality and testicular changes. Semen was collected by electroejaculation on Days 343, 524 and 783 and animals were slaughtered on Day 860. Treatment reduced median maximum number of progressively motile and morphologically normal sperm collected (P = 0.001) and the percentage of animals in which sperm were recovered (saline: 100%, 9/9; ZA1: 44.9%, 4/9 and ZA2: 40.0%, 4/10; P = 0.013). Compared to saline treated controls, treatment with ZA reduced the mean diameter of the testes after Day 34 of treatment (treatment × time, P = 0.013) and total testicular weight at slaughter (treatment: mean ± SEM; saline: 569.4 ± 59.0 g, ZA1: 249.3 ± 72.9 g, ZA2: 247.5 ± 68.1 g; P = 0.004). Histological changes in testes of bulls treated with ZA were characterized by germ cell depletion, vacuolation of Sertoli cells, interstitial fibrosis, epididymal duct atrophy with variable remnants of testicular tissue and degeneration. We conclude that intratesticular administration of two doses of ZA in B. indicus calves is able to severely impair spermatogenesis and cause varying degrees of testicular degeneration and a reduction in testicular diameter and mass. Further investigation is required to determine ways of obtaining more consistent results from treatment.

  • Chemical Sterilisation of Bos indicus bull calves following intratesticular injection of zinc acetate: Effects on growth and concentrations of testosterone.
    Animal Reproduction Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: J. Cavalieri, M. Wang
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to determine the effects in Bos indicus calves of intra-testicular injection of either saline (n = 9) or one of two doses of zinc acetate ((ZA1, 57.75 mg, n=10, or ZA2, 71.75 mg, n=10) or surgical castration (n=9) on circulating concentrations of testostosterone and liveweight. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG, 1500 IU) was administered 202 and 525 days after treatment on Day 0 and animals were slaughtered on Day 860. In animals left intact treatment with ZA reduced mean serum concentrations of testosterone (Saline: 5.58 +/- 0.79 ng/mL, ZA1: 1.28 +/- 0.27 ng/mL, ZA2: 1.01 +/- 0.17 ng/mL; P = 1.0 ng/mL exhibited greater liveweights throughout most of the study and yielded heavier carcass weights (340.9 +/- 7.02 versus 309.3 +/- 6.17 kg, P=0.002). It is concluded that a single, intra-testicular administration of either 57.75 mg or 71.75 mg of ZA was able to similarly reduce circulating concentrations of testosterone without significantly affecting liveweights or carcass weights. Treatment with ZA can result in variation in circulating concentrations of testosterone which could lead to differences in behaviour, liveweights and carcass characteristics.

Linda K. Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemical Sterilisation of Bos indicus bull calves following intratesticular injection of zinc acetate: effects on semen quality and testicular changes.
    Animal Reproduction Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: J. Cavalieri, M. Wang, Linda K. Johnson
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to determine the effects in Bos indicus bull calves of intratesticular administration of 1 mL of either saline (n = 9) or one of the two doses of zinc acetate (ZA1, 57.75 mg, n = 10 or ZA2, 71.75 mg, n = 10) on semen quality and testicular changes. Semen was collected by electroejaculation on Days 343, 524 and 783 and animals were slaughtered on Day 860. Treatment reduced median maximum number of progressively motile and morphologically normal sperm collected (P = 0.001) and the percentage of animals in which sperm were recovered (saline: 100%, 9/9; ZA1: 44.9%, 4/9 and ZA2: 40.0%, 4/10; P = 0.013). Compared to saline treated controls, treatment with ZA reduced the mean diameter of the testes after Day 34 of treatment (treatment × time, P = 0.013) and total testicular weight at slaughter (treatment: mean ± SEM; saline: 569.4 ± 59.0 g, ZA1: 249.3 ± 72.9 g, ZA2: 247.5 ± 68.1 g; P = 0.004). Histological changes in testes of bulls treated with ZA were characterized by germ cell depletion, vacuolation of Sertoli cells, interstitial fibrosis, epididymal duct atrophy with variable remnants of testicular tissue and degeneration. We conclude that intratesticular administration of two doses of ZA in B. indicus calves is able to severely impair spermatogenesis and cause varying degrees of testicular degeneration and a reduction in testicular diameter and mass. Further investigation is required to determine ways of obtaining more consistent results from treatment.

Pankaj Vadgama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparative assessment of Chemical and γ-irradiation procedures for implantable glucose enzyme electrodes
    Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2000
    Co-Authors: S Ahmed, G.p Rigby, P Crump, Pankaj Vadgama
    Abstract:

    Abstract Chemical and γ-irradiation Sterilisation were examined in this study for implantable needle electrodes. Exposure to isopropyl alcohol (IPA) led to response elevation, but time-dependent exposures up to 30 min variously to chlorhexidine, H2O2, HCl, HCl/IPA, and alcoholic iodine/potassium iodide, all caused substantial time-dependent response degradation. Sterility was not assessed for such electrodes. High dose (30 KGy) γ-irradiation also compromised sensor response, with exposed electrodes exhibiting ∼30% reduction in response, comparable in magnitude to 10 min exposure to Chemical Sterilisation. However, a lower dose (25 KGy) γ-irradiation was well tolerated and subsequent microbiological testing (following contamination with Streptococcus epidermidis and Staphylococus aureus) proved device sterility with no culture growth following 7 days incubation at 37°C in brain heart infusion medium.

  • Comparative assessment of Chemical and gamma-irradiation procedures for implantable glucose enzyme electrodes.
    Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2000
    Co-Authors: S Ahmed, G.p Rigby, P Crump, Pankaj Vadgama
    Abstract:

    Chemical and gamma-irradiation Sterilisation were examined in this study for implantable needle electrodes. Exposure to isopropyl alcohol (IPA) led to response elevation, but time-dependent exposures up to 30 min variously to chlorhexidine, H2O2, HCl, HCl/IPA, and alcoholic iodine/potassium iodide, all caused substantial time-dependent response degradation. Sterility was not assessed for such electrodes. High dose (30 KGy) gamma-irradiation also compromised sensor response, with exposed electrodes exhibiting approximately 30% reduction in response, comparable in magnitude to 10 min exposure to Chemical Sterilisation. However, a lower dose (25 KGy) gamma-irradiation was well tolerated and subsequent microbiological testing (following contamination with Streptococcus epidermidis and Staphylococus aureus) proved device sterility with no culture growth following 7 days incubation at 37 degrees C in brain heart infusion medium.