The Experts below are selected from a list of 45255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark Stabile - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of Child tax benefits on Poverty and labor supply evidence from the canada Child benefit and universal Child care benefit
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Derek Messacar, Mark StabileAbstract:We investigate whether Child tax benefits reduce Child Poverty and labor force participation among single mothers within the context of the 2015 expansion of the Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and the 2016 introduction of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We compare single mothers to single Childless women as single mothers have historically had the highest Poverty rates. Our analysis indicates that both reforms reduced Child Poverty, although the Canada Child Benefit had the greater effect. We find no evidence of a labor supply response to either of the program reforms on either the extensive or intensive margins. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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the effects of Child tax benefits on Poverty and labor supply evidence from the canada Child benefit and universal Child care benefit
Research Papers in Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Derek Messacar, Mark StabileAbstract:We investigate whether Child tax benefits reduce Child Poverty and labor force participation among single mothers within the context of the 2015 expansion of the Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and the 2016 introduction of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We compare single mothers to single Childless women as single mothers have historically had the highest Poverty rates. Our analysis indicates that both reforms reduced Child Poverty, although the Canada Child Benefit had the greater effect. We find no evidence of a labor supply response to either of the program reforms on either the extensive or intensive margins.
Michael Baker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of Child tax benefits on Poverty and labor supply evidence from the canada Child benefit and universal Child care benefit
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Derek Messacar, Mark StabileAbstract:We investigate whether Child tax benefits reduce Child Poverty and labor force participation among single mothers within the context of the 2015 expansion of the Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and the 2016 introduction of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We compare single mothers to single Childless women as single mothers have historically had the highest Poverty rates. Our analysis indicates that both reforms reduced Child Poverty, although the Canada Child Benefit had the greater effect. We find no evidence of a labor supply response to either of the program reforms on either the extensive or intensive margins. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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the effects of Child tax benefits on Poverty and labor supply evidence from the canada Child benefit and universal Child care benefit
Research Papers in Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Derek Messacar, Mark StabileAbstract:We investigate whether Child tax benefits reduce Child Poverty and labor force participation among single mothers within the context of the 2015 expansion of the Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and the 2016 introduction of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We compare single mothers to single Childless women as single mothers have historically had the highest Poverty rates. Our analysis indicates that both reforms reduced Child Poverty, although the Canada Child Benefit had the greater effect. We find no evidence of a labor supply response to either of the program reforms on either the extensive or intensive margins.
David Taylorrobinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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austerity policy and Child health in european countries a systematic literature review
BMC Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Luis Rajmil, Anders Hjern, Nick J Spencer, David Taylorrobinson, Geir Gunnlaugsson, Hein RaatAbstract:To analyse the impact of austerity measures taken by European governments as a response to the 2008 economic and financial crisis on social determinants on Child health (SDCH), and Child health outcomes (CHO). A systematic literature review was carried out in Medline (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Sociological abstracts in the last 5 years from European countries. Studies aimed at analysing the Great Recession, governments’ responses to the crisis, and its impact on SDCH were included. A narrative synthesis of the results was carried out. The risk of bias was assessed using the STROBE and EPICURE tools. Fourteen studies were included, most of them with a low to intermediate risk of bias (average score 72.1%). Government responses to the crisis varied, although there was general agreement that Greece, Spain, Ireland and the United Kingdom applied higher levels of austerity. High austerity periods, compared to pre-austerity periods were associated with increased material deprivation, Child Poverty rates, and low birth weight. Increasing Child Poverty subsequent to austerity measures was associated with deterioration of Child health. High austerity was also related to poorer access and quality of services provided to disabled Children. An annual reduction of 1% on public health expenditure was associated to 0.5% reduction on Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccination coverage in Italy. Countries that applied high level of austerity showed worse trends on SDCH and CHO, demonstrating the importance that economic policy may have for equity in Child health and development. European governments must act urgently and reverse these austerity policy measures that are detrimental to family benefits and Child protection.
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assessing the impact of rising Child Poverty on the unprecedented rise in infant mortality in england 2000 2017 time trend analysis
BMJ Open, 2019Co-Authors: David Taylorrobinson, Sophie Wickham, Tanith C Rose, Paul Norman, Clare Bambra, Margaret Whitehead, Eric T C Lai, Ben BarrAbstract:Objective To determine whether there were inequalities in the sustained rise in infant mortality in England in recent years and the contribution of rising Child Poverty to these trends. Design This is an analysis of trends in infant mortality in local authorities grouped into five categories (quintiles) based on their level of income deprivation. Fixed-effects regression models were used to quantify the association between regional changes in Child Poverty and regional changes in infant mortality. Setting 324 English local authorities in 9 English government office regions. Participants Live-born Children under 1 year of age. Main outcome measure Infant mortality rate, defined as the number of deaths in Children under 1 year of age per 100 000 live births in the same year. Results The sustained and unprecedented rise in infant mortality in England from 2014 to 2017 was not experienced evenly across the population. In the most deprived local authorities, the previously declining trend in infant mortality reversed and mortality rose, leading to an additional 24 infant deaths per 100 000 live births per year (95% CI 6 to 42), relative to the previous trend. There was no significant change from the pre-existing trend in the most affluent local authorities. As a result, inequalities in infant mortality increased, with the gap between the most and the least deprived local authority areas widening by 52 deaths per 100 000 births (95% CI 36 to 68). Overall from 2014 to 2017, there were a total of 572 excess infant deaths (95% CI 200 to 944) compared with what would have been expected based on historical trends. We estimated that each 1% increase in Child Poverty was significantly associated with an extra 5.8 infant deaths per 100 000 live births (95% CI 2.4 to 9.2). The findings suggest that about a third of the increases in infant mortality between 2014 and 2017 can be attributed to rising Child Poverty (172 deaths, 95% CI 74 to 266). Conclusion This study provides evidence that the unprecedented rise in infant mortality disproportionately affected the poorest areas of the country, leaving the more affluent areas unaffected. Our analysis also linked the recent increase in infant mortality in England with rising Child Poverty, suggesting that about a third of the increase in infant mortality from 2014 to 2017 may be attributed to rising Child Poverty.
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assessing the impact of rising Child Poverty on the unprecedented rise in infant mortality in england 2000 2017 time trend analysis
BMJ Open, 2019Co-Authors: David Taylorrobinson, Sophie Wickham, Tanith C Rose, Paul Norman, Clare Bambra, Margaret Whitehead, Ben BarrAbstract:Objective To determine whether there were inequalities in the sustained rise in infant mortality in England in recent years and the contribution of rising Child Poverty to these trends. Design This is an analysis of trends in infant mortality in local authorities grouped into five categories (quintiles) based on their level of income deprivation. Fixed-effects regression models were used to quantify the association between regional changes in Child Poverty and regional changes in infant mortality. Setting 324 English local authorities in 9 English government office regions. Participants Live-born Children under 1 year of age. Main outcome measure Infant mortality rate, defined as the number of deaths in Children under 1 year of age per 100 000 live births in the same year. Results The sustained and unprecedented rise in infant mortality in England from 2014 to 2017 was not experienced evenly across the population. In the most deprived local authorities, the previously declining trend in infant mortality reversed and mortality rose, leading to an additional 24 infant deaths per 100 000 live births per year (95% CI 6 to 42), relative to the previous trend. There was no significant change from the pre-existing trend in the most affluent local authorities. As a result, inequalities in infant mortality increased, with the gap between the most and the least deprived local authority areas widening by 52 deaths per 100 000 births (95% CI 36 to 68). Overall from 2014 to 2017, there were a total of 572 excess infant deaths (95% CI 200 to 944) compared with what would have been expected based on historical trends. We estimated that each 1% increase in Child Poverty was significantly associated with an extra 5.8 infant deaths per 100 000 live births (95% CI 2.4 to 9.2). The findings suggest that about a third of the increases in infant mortality between 2014 and 2017 can be attributed to rising Child Poverty (172 deaths, 95% CI 74 to 266). Conclusion This study provides evidence that the unprecedented rise in infant mortality disproportionately affected the poorest areas of the country, leaving the more affluent areas unaffected. Our analysis also linked the recent increase in infant mortality in England with rising Child Poverty, suggesting that about a third of the increase in infant mortality from 2014 to 2017 may be attributed to rising Child Poverty.
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Poverty and Child health in the uk using evidence for action
Archives of Disease in Childhood, 2016Co-Authors: Sophie Wickham, Ben Barr, Elspeth Anwar, Catherine Law, David TaylorrobinsonAbstract:There are currently high levels of Child Poverty in the UK, and for the first time in almost two decades Child Poverty has started to rise in absolute terms. Child Poverty is associated with a wide range of health-damaging impacts, negative educational outcomes and adverse long-term social and psychological outcomes. The poor health associated with Child Poverty limits Children's potential and development, leading to poor health and life chances in adulthood. This article outlines some key definitions with regard to Child Poverty, reviews the links between Child Poverty and a range of health, developmental, behavioural and social outcomes for Children, describes gaps in the evidence base and provides an overview of current policies relevant to Child Poverty in the UK. Finally, the article outlines how Child health professionals can take action by (1) supporting policies to reduce Child Poverty, (2) providing services that reduce the health consequences of Child Poverty and (3) measuring and understanding the problem and assessing the impact of action.
Derek Messacar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of Child tax benefits on Poverty and labor supply evidence from the canada Child benefit and universal Child care benefit
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Derek Messacar, Mark StabileAbstract:We investigate whether Child tax benefits reduce Child Poverty and labor force participation among single mothers within the context of the 2015 expansion of the Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and the 2016 introduction of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We compare single mothers to single Childless women as single mothers have historically had the highest Poverty rates. Our analysis indicates that both reforms reduced Child Poverty, although the Canada Child Benefit had the greater effect. We find no evidence of a labor supply response to either of the program reforms on either the extensive or intensive margins. Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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the effects of Child tax benefits on Poverty and labor supply evidence from the canada Child benefit and universal Child care benefit
Research Papers in Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Michael Baker, Derek Messacar, Mark StabileAbstract:We investigate whether Child tax benefits reduce Child Poverty and labor force participation among single mothers within the context of the 2015 expansion of the Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB) and the 2016 introduction of the Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We compare single mothers to single Childless women as single mothers have historically had the highest Poverty rates. Our analysis indicates that both reforms reduced Child Poverty, although the Canada Child Benefit had the greater effect. We find no evidence of a labor supply response to either of the program reforms on either the extensive or intensive margins.
Marianne P Bitler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Child Poverty the great recession and the social safety net in the united states
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2017Co-Authors: Marianne P Bitler, Hilary W Hoynes, Elira KukaAbstract:In this paper, we comprehensively examine the effects of the Great Recession on Child Poverty, with particular attention to the role of the social safety net in mitigating the adverse effects of shocks to earnings and income. Using a state panel data model and data for 2000 to 2014, we estimate the relationship between the business cycle and Child Poverty, and we examine how and to what extent the safety net is providing protection to at-risk Children. We find compelling evidence that the safety net provides protection; that is, the cyclicality of after-tax-and-transfer Child Poverty is significantly attenuated relative to the cyclicality of private income Poverty. We also find that the protective effect of the safety net is not similar across demographic groups, and that Children from more disadvantaged backgrounds, such as those living with Hispanic or single heads, or particularly those living with immigrant household heads—or immigrant spouses—experience larger Poverty cyclicality than those living with non- Hispanic white or married heads, or those living with native household heads with native spouses. Our findings hold across a host of choices for how to define Poverty. These include measures based on absolute thresholds or more relative thresholds. They also hold for measures of resources that include not only cash and near-cash transfers net of taxes but also several measures of the value of public medical benefits.
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Child Poverty the great recession and the social safety net in the united states
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Marianne P Bitler, Hilary W Hoynes, Elira KukaAbstract:In this paper, we comprehensively examine the effects of the Great Recession on Child Poverty, with particular attention to the role of the social safety net in mitigating the adverse effects of shocks to earnings and income. Using a state panel data model and data for 2000 to 2014, we estimate the relationship between the business cycle and Child Poverty, and we examine how and to what extent the safety net is providing protection to at-risk Children. We find compelling evidence that the safety net provides protection; that is, the cyclicality of after-tax-and-transfer Child Poverty is significantly attenuated relative to the cyclicality of private income Poverty. We also find that the protective effect of the safety net is not similar across demographic groups, and that Children from more disadvantaged backgrounds, such as those living with non-Hispanic black or Hispanic, single, or particularly immigrant household heads-or immigrant spouses, experience larger Poverty cyclicality than non-Hispanic white, married, or native household heads with native spouses. Our findings hold across a host of choices for how to define Poverty. These include measures based on absolute thresholds or more relative thresholds. They also hold for measures of resources that include not only cash and near cash transfers net of taxes but also several measures of medical benefits.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Child Poverty the great recession and the social safety net in the united states
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016Co-Authors: Marianne P Bitler, Hilary W Hoynes, Elira KukaAbstract:In this paper, we comprehensively examine the effects of the Great Recession on Child Poverty, with particular attention to the role of the social safety net in mitigating the adverse effects of shocks to earnings and income. Using a state panel data model and data for 2000 to 2014, we estimate the relationship between the business cycle and Child Poverty, and we examine how and to what extent the safety net is providing protection to at-risk Children. We find compelling evidence that the safety net provides protection; that is, the cyclicality of after-tax-and-transfer Child Poverty is significantly attenuated relative to the cyclicality of private income Poverty. We also find that the protective effect of the safety net is not similar across demographic groups, and that Children from more disadvantaged backgrounds, such as those living with non-Hispanic black or Hispanic, single, or particularly immigrant household heads-or immigrant spouses, experience larger Poverty cyclicality than non-Hispanic white, married, or native household heads with native spouses. Our findings hold across a host of choices for how to define Poverty. These include measures based on absolute thresholds or more relative thresholds. They also hold for measures of resources that include not only cash and near cash transfers net of taxes but also several measures of medical benefits.