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Eleni Petridou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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key elements in Childhood Injury prevention does socioeconomic status make a difference
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2008Co-Authors: Giagkos Lavranos, Vassiliki Kalampoki, Eleni PetridouAbstract:In an interesting original paper in this issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , the question is asked: how radical extinction of poverty would be expected to affect Injury incidence and distribution per type and age ( see page 899 ).1 In the authors’ retrospective cohort, there is a statistically significant association between lower mean household income and increased risk of Injury in children’s history (especially a clear distinction at the extreme ends of the distribution). This would appear to justify support schemes for disadvantaged families based on experience gained from a variety of studies undertaken in different countries and for different accident types. However, the evaluation of the extent of poverty contribution to Injury incidence is anything but simple, owing to the fact that very low-income populations are frequently under-represented in epidemiological studies on account of educational and access restraints. Moreover, the concomitant presence of additional Injury risk factors renders it complicated to distinguish the independent role of poverty in Injury aetiology. On the other hand, the feasibility of poverty-targeted interventions at national/international scale is questionable because there is no clear evidence that the expected benefit would justify the cost. Recent reports have indicated that strategies focusing on the general population may be more advantageous when combined with those referring to specific priority groups.2–4 The reduction in the burden of injuries has relied on the implementation of any of two alternative options, namely passive and active measures or, in an optimal scenario, a combination of both. In the first approach, emphasis is placed on behaviour change and promotion …
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a quantification of preventable unintentional Childhood Injury mortality in the united states
Injury Prevention, 2004Co-Authors: A Philippakis, David Hemenway, Delia Marina Alexe, Nick Dessypris, Themistoklis N Spyridopoulos, Eleni PetridouAbstract:Objective: To calculate the preventable fraction of unintentional Childhood Injury deaths in the United States. Design: Ecological study of cause specific unintentional Childhood Injury mortality rates across the 50 states (and the District of Columbia) of the United States (US) over the 10 year period 1989–98. Methods: The internet accessible database from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control was used in order to estimate unintentional Childhood (0–14 years) Injury mortality rates by external cause and time trends over the study period for each of the US states and for the four major geographical regions of the country. In the principal analysis, a calculation was made of the fraction and absolute number of unintentional Childhood Injury deaths that could have been prevented annually if the mortality rate in the region with the lowest rate also existed in the remaining three. In another scenario, the lowest external cause specific unintentional Childhood Injury mortality rates from the 50 US states and the District of Columbia were summed to provide the "ideal" lowest conceivable unintentional Childhood Injury mortality rate from all causes. Ecological correlations between unintentional Childhood Injury mortality rates from specified external causes, median income, and percent of the population with a college degree were made. Main outcome measures: Unintentional Childhood Injury mortality rates by cause. Results: Unintentional Childhood Injury mortality rate declined by 3.5% per year in the country as a whole. If every region of the US had experienced the same Injury rate as the Northeast, then one third of all unintentional Childhood injuries would not have occurred. More optimistic scenarios indicate that up to two thirds of all unintentional Childhood Injury deaths could be prevented. Across states, unintentional Childhood Injury mortality is strongly inversely related to median income. Conclusions: About one third of all unintentional Childhood Injury deaths in the US are preventable with the means and resources available in the Northeastern states. Among the relevant characteristics in the Northeast region, in comparison with other US regions, are the higher education level of parents, the lower gun ownership, the higher population density that implies shorter distances traveled by cars, a better developed emergency medical system, and the existence of several Injury prevention programs.
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bunk versus conventional beds a comparative assessment of fall Injury risk
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2002Co-Authors: Maria Belechri, Eleni Petridou, Dimitrios TrichopoulosAbstract:Study design: Case-control investigation. Setting: Accident and emergency departments of four hospitals in Greece, namely a teaching children's hospital and a trauma hospital in Greater Athens and the two district hospitals in the Magnesia county and the Corfu island. Patients: During the three year period 1996–98, 1881 children (0–14 years) presenting with bed fall injuries were recorded by the Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS). Out of these, 197 children with falls from bunk beds served as cases and 1684 children with falls from conventional beds served as controls. Results: From the analysis and a nationwide extrapolation, it was calculated that each year about 5000 children in Greece (total population 10 million) seek medical attendance at an emergency department for a bed Injury, corresponding to an estimated incidence of about 3 per 1000 children years. Out of bed fall injuries, 10.5% are from bunk beds, 10.4% from cribs, 3.1% from cots, and 76.0% from other conventional beds. Falls from the bed ladder accounted for 8% of all bunk bed injuries. Boys are at higher risk for falls from beds but there is no evidence that the proportion is different depending on the type of bed used. Relatively few falls from bunk beds are recorded outside the crowded apartments of Greater Athens or among migrant children. The increased relative risk of injuries from bunk bed falls during the sleeping hours indicates the higher risk of Injury after a fall from a bunk rather than a conventional bed. Injuries from bunk bed falls are generally more serious than those from conventional bed falls (overrepresentation of brain injuries, fractures, multiple injuries, and injuries requiring hospitalisation). Overall, it can be estimated that almost half of the sleep related bunk bed injuries are easily preventable. Conclusions: Falls from bunk beds represent a non-negligible Childhood Injury risk. A sizeable fraction can be avoided with simple design modifications of the product, such as use of side rails in the upper bed or removal of the bed ladder when not in use.
Earl Y Cheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pediatric genital Injury an analysis of the national electronic Injury surveillance system
Urology, 2013Co-Authors: Jessica T Casey, Marc A Bjurlin, Earl Y ChengAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of pediatric genital injuries presenting to United States emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study utilizing the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from 1991-2010 to evaluate pediatric genital injuries was performed. RESULTS: Pediatric genital injuries represented 0.6% of all pediatric injuries with the incidence of injuries rising through the period studied, 1991-2010. The mean age at Injury was 7.1 years old and was distributed 56.6% girls and 43.4% boys. A total of 43.3% had lacerations and 42.2% had contusions/abrasions. The majority of injuries occurred at home (65.9%), and the majority of patients (94.7%) were treated and released from the hospital. The most common consumer products associated with pediatric genital trauma were: bicycles (14.7% of all pediatric genital injuries), bathtubs (5.8%), daywear (5.6%), monkey bars (5.4%), and toilets (4.0%). CONCLUSION: Although pediatric genital injuries represent a small proportion of overall injuries presenting to the emergency department, genital injuries continue to rise despite public health measures targeted to decrease Childhood Injury. Our results can be used to guide further prevention strategies for pediatric genital Injury. Language: en
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pediatric genital Injury an analysis of the national electronic Injury surveillance system
Urology, 2013Co-Authors: Jessica T Casey, Marc A Bjurlin, Earl Y ChengAbstract:Objective To describe the characteristics of pediatric genital injuries presenting to United States emergency departments (EDs). Methods A retrospective cohort study utilizing the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from 1991-2010 to evaluate pediatric genital injuries was performed. Results Pediatric genital injuries represented 0.6% of all pediatric injuries with the incidence of injuries rising through the period studied, 1991-2010. The mean age at Injury was 7.1 years old and was distributed 56.6% girls and 43.4% boys. A total of 43.3% had lacerations and 42.2% had contusions/abrasions. The majority of injuries occurred at home (65.9%), and the majority of patients (94.7%) were treated and released from the hospital. The most common consumer products associated with pediatric genital trauma were: bicycles (14.7% of all pediatric genital injuries), bathtubs (5.8%), daywear (5.6%), monkey bars (5.4%), and toilets (4.0%). Conclusion Although pediatric genital injuries represent a small proportion of overall injuries presenting to the emergency department, genital injuries continue to rise despite public health measures targeted to decrease Childhood Injury. Our results can be used to guide further prevention strategies for pediatric genital Injury.
Jessica T Casey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pediatric genital Injury an analysis of the national electronic Injury surveillance system
Urology, 2013Co-Authors: Jessica T Casey, Marc A Bjurlin, Earl Y ChengAbstract:OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of pediatric genital injuries presenting to United States emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study utilizing the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from 1991-2010 to evaluate pediatric genital injuries was performed. RESULTS: Pediatric genital injuries represented 0.6% of all pediatric injuries with the incidence of injuries rising through the period studied, 1991-2010. The mean age at Injury was 7.1 years old and was distributed 56.6% girls and 43.4% boys. A total of 43.3% had lacerations and 42.2% had contusions/abrasions. The majority of injuries occurred at home (65.9%), and the majority of patients (94.7%) were treated and released from the hospital. The most common consumer products associated with pediatric genital trauma were: bicycles (14.7% of all pediatric genital injuries), bathtubs (5.8%), daywear (5.6%), monkey bars (5.4%), and toilets (4.0%). CONCLUSION: Although pediatric genital injuries represent a small proportion of overall injuries presenting to the emergency department, genital injuries continue to rise despite public health measures targeted to decrease Childhood Injury. Our results can be used to guide further prevention strategies for pediatric genital Injury. Language: en
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pediatric genital Injury an analysis of the national electronic Injury surveillance system
Urology, 2013Co-Authors: Jessica T Casey, Marc A Bjurlin, Earl Y ChengAbstract:Objective To describe the characteristics of pediatric genital injuries presenting to United States emergency departments (EDs). Methods A retrospective cohort study utilizing the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from 1991-2010 to evaluate pediatric genital injuries was performed. Results Pediatric genital injuries represented 0.6% of all pediatric injuries with the incidence of injuries rising through the period studied, 1991-2010. The mean age at Injury was 7.1 years old and was distributed 56.6% girls and 43.4% boys. A total of 43.3% had lacerations and 42.2% had contusions/abrasions. The majority of injuries occurred at home (65.9%), and the majority of patients (94.7%) were treated and released from the hospital. The most common consumer products associated with pediatric genital trauma were: bicycles (14.7% of all pediatric genital injuries), bathtubs (5.8%), daywear (5.6%), monkey bars (5.4%), and toilets (4.0%). Conclusion Although pediatric genital injuries represent a small proportion of overall injuries presenting to the emergency department, genital injuries continue to rise despite public health measures targeted to decrease Childhood Injury. Our results can be used to guide further prevention strategies for pediatric genital Injury.
Frederick P Rivara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of an older sibling and birth interval on the risk of Childhood Injury
Injury Prevention, 2000Co-Authors: Avery B Nathens, Margaret J Neff, Christopher H Goss, Ronald V Maier, Frederick P RivaraAbstract:Objective —Certain family structures have been identified as putting children at high risk for Injury. To further define children at highest risk, we set out to explore the effect of an older sibling and birth interval on the risk of Injury related hospital admission or death. Methods —Data were analyzed using a case-control design. Cases and controls were identified by linking longitudinal birth data from Washington state (1989–96) to death certificate records and hospital discharge data obtained from the Washington State Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System and frequency matched in a 1:2 ratio on year of birth. Cases consisted of singleton children 6 years of age or younger who were hospitalized or died as a result of Injury during the years 1989–96. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify and adjust for confounding variables. Results —There were 3145 cases and 8371 controls. The adjusted odds ratio for Injury in children with an older sibling was 1.50 (95% confidence interval 1.37 to 1.65). The effect was greatest in children under 2 years of age, and in those with a birth interval of less than two years. As the number of older siblings increased, so did the risk of Injury, with the highest risk in children with three or more older siblings. Conclusion —These data suggest that the presence of an older sibling is associated with an increased risk of Injury. The risk is highest in those with very short birth intervals. Potential mechanisms for this increased risk may relate to inadequate parental supervision. Pediatricians and other care providers need to be alert to these identifiable risk factors and then direct preventive strategies, such as home visits and educational programs, toward these families.
Nora Klemencic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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older siblings as supervisors does this influence young children s risk of unintentional Injury
Social Science & Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Barbara A Morrongiello, Trevor J Macisaac, Nora KlemencicAbstract:Unintentional Injury is a leading cause of death and hospitalization of young children. Many of these injuries occur in the home when children presumably are being supervised. This study focused on the under-explored issue of sibling supervision in the home, drawing on data collected from a sample of Canadian mothers. Mothers in this sample completed a structured telephone interview and mailed back questionnaires to provide information about the nature and extent of sibling supervision that occurs in the home, as well as the younger child's Injury history. Results indicated that older siblings supervise younger ones about 11% of their mutual wake time, with children typically playing and parents usually doing other chores during this time. Time spent with siblings as supervisors was positively related to the supervisee's history of injuries suggesting that sibling supervision may elevate younger children's risk of Injury. However, the behavior of the supervisee contributed to risk more so than that of the supervisor. Specifically, sibling supervisors were reported to utilize the same types of strategies as their mother and father in their efforts to supervise and persuade younger children to stop things that could lead to Injury. However, poor compliance by the younger child when the older sibling was supervising predicted Injury. Implications for Childhood Injury and directions for future research are discussed.