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Roberto Maria Pellegrino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ocular penetration of topical antibiotics study on the penetration of Chloramphenicol tobramycin and netilmicin into the anterior chamber after topical administration
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2013Co-Authors: Carlo Cagini, Francesco Piccinelli, Silvia Manes, Marco Lupidi, Alessio Cerquaglia, Tito Fiore, Marco Messina, Roberto Maria PellegrinoAbstract:Background To compare penetration in the aqueous humour of topically applied antibiotics. Design Randomized prospective study, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Perugia, Italy Participants Patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods One hundred twenty-two patients were included: 14 received one drop of Chloramphenicol suspension; 12 one application of Chloramphenicol gel; 11 one drop of netilmicin suspension; 13 one drop of tobramycin suspension; 37 repeated instillations of Chloramphenicol suspension every 10 min for a total of four drops; and 35 repeated instillations of Chloramphenicol gel every 10 min for a total of four drops. Samples were taken immediately before surgery from the anterior chamber in order to determine the antibiotic by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were taken 45–190 min after the eye drops were instilled. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular penetration of Chloramphenicol, netilmicin and tobramicyn. Results After a single administration, netilmicin and tobramycin were undetectable, whereas the Chloramphenicol suspension reached a mean concentration of 0.23 ± 0.21 μg/mL, and the Chloramphenicol gel a mean concentration of 0.13 ± 0.14 μg/mL. After repeated administrations, the mean concentrations of the Chloramphenicol suspension and gel were 0.60 ± 0.26 μg/mL and 0.58 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions Tobramycin and netilmicin do not reach detectable concentrations, whereas Chloramphenicol, after multiple administrations, reaches concentrations that are effective against Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae. This means that Chloramphenicol can be rationally used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections supported by sensitive germs.
Michel W F Nielen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occurrence of Chloramphenicol in crops through natural production by bacteria in soil
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: B.j.a. Berendsen, M G Pikkemaat, Paul Romkens, Robin S Wegh, Maarten Van Sisseren, Linda Stolker, Michel W F NielenAbstract:Due to the unexpected findings of the banned antibiotic Chloramphenicol in products of animal origin, feed, and straw, the hypothesis was studied that the drug is naturally present in soil, through production by soil bacteria, and subsequently can be transferred to crops. First, the stability of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied. The fate of Chloramphenicol highly depends on soil type and showed a half-life of approximately one day in nonsterile topsoil. It was found to be more stable in subsoil and sterile soils. Second, the production of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied, and it was confirmed that Streptomyces venezuelae can produce Chloramphenicol at appreciable amounts in nonsterile soil. Third, a transfer study was carried out using wheat and maize grown on three different soils that were weekly exposed to aqueous Chloramphenicol solutions at different levels. Chloramphenicol was taken up by crops as determined by chiral liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric analysis, and the levels in crops were found to be bioavailability related. It was concluded that Chloramphenicol residues can occur naturally in crops as a result of the production of Chloramphenicol by soil bacteria in their natural environment and subsequent uptake by crops.
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occurrence of Chloramphenicol in crops through natural production by bacteria in soil
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: B.j.a. Berendsen, M G Pikkemaat, Paul Romkens, Robin S Wegh, Linda Stolker, Maarten Van Sisseren, Michel W F NielenAbstract:Due to the unexpected findings of the banned antibiotic Chloramphenicol in products of animal origin, feed, and straw, the hypothesis was studied that the drug is naturally present in soil, through production by soil bacteria, and subsequently can be transferred to crops. First, the stability of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied. The fate of Chloramphenicol highly depends on soil type and showed a half-life of approximately one day in nonsterile topsoil. It was found to be more stable in subsoil and sterile soils. Second, the production of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied, and it was confirmed that Streptomyces venezuelae can produce Chloramphenicol at appreciable amounts in nonsterile soil. Third, a transfer study was carried out using wheat and maize grown on three different soils that were weekly exposed to aqueous Chloramphenicol solutions at different levels. Chloramphenicol was taken up by crops as determined by chiral liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric analysis, and the...
Carlo Cagini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ocular penetration of topical antibiotics study on the penetration of Chloramphenicol tobramycin and netilmicin into the anterior chamber after topical administration
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2013Co-Authors: Carlo Cagini, Francesco Piccinelli, Silvia Manes, Marco Lupidi, Alessio Cerquaglia, Tito Fiore, Marco Messina, Roberto Maria PellegrinoAbstract:Background To compare penetration in the aqueous humour of topically applied antibiotics. Design Randomized prospective study, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Perugia, Italy Participants Patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods One hundred twenty-two patients were included: 14 received one drop of Chloramphenicol suspension; 12 one application of Chloramphenicol gel; 11 one drop of netilmicin suspension; 13 one drop of tobramycin suspension; 37 repeated instillations of Chloramphenicol suspension every 10 min for a total of four drops; and 35 repeated instillations of Chloramphenicol gel every 10 min for a total of four drops. Samples were taken immediately before surgery from the anterior chamber in order to determine the antibiotic by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were taken 45–190 min after the eye drops were instilled. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular penetration of Chloramphenicol, netilmicin and tobramicyn. Results After a single administration, netilmicin and tobramycin were undetectable, whereas the Chloramphenicol suspension reached a mean concentration of 0.23 ± 0.21 μg/mL, and the Chloramphenicol gel a mean concentration of 0.13 ± 0.14 μg/mL. After repeated administrations, the mean concentrations of the Chloramphenicol suspension and gel were 0.60 ± 0.26 μg/mL and 0.58 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions Tobramycin and netilmicin do not reach detectable concentrations, whereas Chloramphenicol, after multiple administrations, reaches concentrations that are effective against Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae. This means that Chloramphenicol can be rationally used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections supported by sensitive germs.
B.j.a. Berendsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The natural occurrence of Chloramphenicol in crops
2015Co-Authors: B.j.a. Berendsen, T. Zuidema, J. De JongAbstract:Unexpected findings of the banned antibiotic Chloramphenicol in products of animal origin, feed and straw prompted urgent investigation. Therefore a monitoring study in straw was carried out. The monitoring showed that in 37 sample Chloramphenicol was detected. In 7 samples a concentration above 0.3 μg kg-1 was found with the highest result at 6.8 μg kg-1. Next the hypothesis was studied that the Chloramphenicol is naturally present in soil, through production by soil bacteria, and subsequently can be transferred to crops. First, the stability of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied. The fate of Chloramphenicol highly depends on soil type and showed a half-life of approximately one day in non-sterile topsoil. It was found to be more stable in sub-soil and sterile soils. Second, the production of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied and it was confirmed that Streptomyces venezuelae can produce Chloramphenicol at appreciable amounts in non-sterile soil. Third, a transfer study was carried out using wheat and corn grown on three different soils, that were weekly exposed to aqueous Chloramphenicol solutions at different levels. Chloramphenicol was taken up by crops as determined by chiral liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric analysis and the levels in crop were found to be bioavailability related. It was concluded that Chloramphenicol residues can occur naturally in crops as a result of the production of Chloramphenicol by soil bacteria in their natural environment and subsequent uptake by crops.
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occurrence of Chloramphenicol in crops through natural production by bacteria in soil
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: B.j.a. Berendsen, M G Pikkemaat, Paul Romkens, Robin S Wegh, Maarten Van Sisseren, Linda Stolker, Michel W F NielenAbstract:Due to the unexpected findings of the banned antibiotic Chloramphenicol in products of animal origin, feed, and straw, the hypothesis was studied that the drug is naturally present in soil, through production by soil bacteria, and subsequently can be transferred to crops. First, the stability of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied. The fate of Chloramphenicol highly depends on soil type and showed a half-life of approximately one day in nonsterile topsoil. It was found to be more stable in subsoil and sterile soils. Second, the production of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied, and it was confirmed that Streptomyces venezuelae can produce Chloramphenicol at appreciable amounts in nonsterile soil. Third, a transfer study was carried out using wheat and maize grown on three different soils that were weekly exposed to aqueous Chloramphenicol solutions at different levels. Chloramphenicol was taken up by crops as determined by chiral liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric analysis, and the levels in crops were found to be bioavailability related. It was concluded that Chloramphenicol residues can occur naturally in crops as a result of the production of Chloramphenicol by soil bacteria in their natural environment and subsequent uptake by crops.
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occurrence of Chloramphenicol in crops through natural production by bacteria in soil
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: B.j.a. Berendsen, M G Pikkemaat, Paul Romkens, Robin S Wegh, Linda Stolker, Maarten Van Sisseren, Michel W F NielenAbstract:Due to the unexpected findings of the banned antibiotic Chloramphenicol in products of animal origin, feed, and straw, the hypothesis was studied that the drug is naturally present in soil, through production by soil bacteria, and subsequently can be transferred to crops. First, the stability of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied. The fate of Chloramphenicol highly depends on soil type and showed a half-life of approximately one day in nonsterile topsoil. It was found to be more stable in subsoil and sterile soils. Second, the production of Chloramphenicol in soil was studied, and it was confirmed that Streptomyces venezuelae can produce Chloramphenicol at appreciable amounts in nonsterile soil. Third, a transfer study was carried out using wheat and maize grown on three different soils that were weekly exposed to aqueous Chloramphenicol solutions at different levels. Chloramphenicol was taken up by crops as determined by chiral liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric analysis, and the...
Francesco Piccinelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ocular penetration of topical antibiotics study on the penetration of Chloramphenicol tobramycin and netilmicin into the anterior chamber after topical administration
Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2013Co-Authors: Carlo Cagini, Francesco Piccinelli, Silvia Manes, Marco Lupidi, Alessio Cerquaglia, Tito Fiore, Marco Messina, Roberto Maria PellegrinoAbstract:Background To compare penetration in the aqueous humour of topically applied antibiotics. Design Randomized prospective study, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Perugia, Italy Participants Patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods One hundred twenty-two patients were included: 14 received one drop of Chloramphenicol suspension; 12 one application of Chloramphenicol gel; 11 one drop of netilmicin suspension; 13 one drop of tobramycin suspension; 37 repeated instillations of Chloramphenicol suspension every 10 min for a total of four drops; and 35 repeated instillations of Chloramphenicol gel every 10 min for a total of four drops. Samples were taken immediately before surgery from the anterior chamber in order to determine the antibiotic by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were taken 45–190 min after the eye drops were instilled. Main Outcome Measures Intraocular penetration of Chloramphenicol, netilmicin and tobramicyn. Results After a single administration, netilmicin and tobramycin were undetectable, whereas the Chloramphenicol suspension reached a mean concentration of 0.23 ± 0.21 μg/mL, and the Chloramphenicol gel a mean concentration of 0.13 ± 0.14 μg/mL. After repeated administrations, the mean concentrations of the Chloramphenicol suspension and gel were 0.60 ± 0.26 μg/mL and 0.58 ± 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions Tobramycin and netilmicin do not reach detectable concentrations, whereas Chloramphenicol, after multiple administrations, reaches concentrations that are effective against Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Legionella pneumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis, Pasteurella multocida and Streptococcus pneumoniae. This means that Chloramphenicol can be rationally used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections supported by sensitive germs.
