The Experts below are selected from a list of 231 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J C Borba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones the use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2010Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, C Alonso, J C Borba, M PadilhaAbstract:Durability of concrete structures under marine environments has been studied for a long time. This work was focused on marine atmosphere zone and studied the deposition of Chlorides on wet candle devices and its relation with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. Concrete specimens with three different mixtures were exposed at places located at four different distances from the sea. Periodically, chloride profiles were obtained and analysed taking into account environmental data. Results of numerical extrapolations show that chloride deposition rate on the wet candle can be used as an environmental indicator, helping to preview the expectancy of service life of concrete structures or suggesting minimum concrete cover thicknesses for a required service life. Regarding the studied region, service life decreases between 30% and 60% were observed when changing chloride deposition from 120 mg/m2 day to 500 mg/m2 day, which shows that chloride deposition plays an important role as an environmental indicator on service-life analysis of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zone.
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chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone relationship between deposition of Chlorides on the wet candle and Chlorides accumulated into concrete
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, I J Padaratz, C Alonso, J C BorbaAbstract:Abstract The relationship between Chlorides from marine aerosol and Chlorides accumulated into concrete is discussed in this paper. The experimental programme comprised an environmental characterisation, with climatic and chloride deposition data, and a study of chloride penetration into concrete based on natural exposure of specimens in a marine atmosphere zone. Results show that salt concentration in marine aerosol strongly decreases in the first meters from the sea. Chlorides present in the atmosphere can be studied using the wet candle method and correlated with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. This relationship can be represented by the equation C tot = C 0 + k d · D ac , where k d is a coefficient which depends on concrete and environmental characteristics, C tot is the average total amount of Chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the chloride content in concrete before exposure and D ac is the accumulated dry deposition of Chlorides.
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Chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone – Relationship between deposition of Chlorides on the wet candle and Chlorides accumulated into concrete
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, I J Padaratz, C Alonso, J C BorbaAbstract:Abstract The relationship between Chlorides from marine aerosol and Chlorides accumulated into concrete is discussed in this paper. The experimental programme comprised an environmental characterisation, with climatic and chloride deposition data, and a study of chloride penetration into concrete based on natural exposure of specimens in a marine atmosphere zone. Results show that salt concentration in marine aerosol strongly decreases in the first meters from the sea. Chlorides present in the atmosphere can be studied using the wet candle method and correlated with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. This relationship can be represented by the equation C tot = C 0 + k d · D ac , where k d is a coefficient which depends on concrete and environmental characteristics, C tot is the average total amount of Chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the chloride content in concrete before exposure and D ac is the accumulated dry deposition of Chlorides.
Gibson Meira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones the use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2010Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, C Alonso, J C Borba, M PadilhaAbstract:Durability of concrete structures under marine environments has been studied for a long time. This work was focused on marine atmosphere zone and studied the deposition of Chlorides on wet candle devices and its relation with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. Concrete specimens with three different mixtures were exposed at places located at four different distances from the sea. Periodically, chloride profiles were obtained and analysed taking into account environmental data. Results of numerical extrapolations show that chloride deposition rate on the wet candle can be used as an environmental indicator, helping to preview the expectancy of service life of concrete structures or suggesting minimum concrete cover thicknesses for a required service life. Regarding the studied region, service life decreases between 30% and 60% were observed when changing chloride deposition from 120 mg/m2 day to 500 mg/m2 day, which shows that chloride deposition plays an important role as an environmental indicator on service-life analysis of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zone.
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chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone relationship between deposition of Chlorides on the wet candle and Chlorides accumulated into concrete
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, I J Padaratz, C Alonso, J C BorbaAbstract:Abstract The relationship between Chlorides from marine aerosol and Chlorides accumulated into concrete is discussed in this paper. The experimental programme comprised an environmental characterisation, with climatic and chloride deposition data, and a study of chloride penetration into concrete based on natural exposure of specimens in a marine atmosphere zone. Results show that salt concentration in marine aerosol strongly decreases in the first meters from the sea. Chlorides present in the atmosphere can be studied using the wet candle method and correlated with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. This relationship can be represented by the equation C tot = C 0 + k d · D ac , where k d is a coefficient which depends on concrete and environmental characteristics, C tot is the average total amount of Chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the chloride content in concrete before exposure and D ac is the accumulated dry deposition of Chlorides.
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Chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone – Relationship between deposition of Chlorides on the wet candle and Chlorides accumulated into concrete
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, I J Padaratz, C Alonso, J C BorbaAbstract:Abstract The relationship between Chlorides from marine aerosol and Chlorides accumulated into concrete is discussed in this paper. The experimental programme comprised an environmental characterisation, with climatic and chloride deposition data, and a study of chloride penetration into concrete based on natural exposure of specimens in a marine atmosphere zone. Results show that salt concentration in marine aerosol strongly decreases in the first meters from the sea. Chlorides present in the atmosphere can be studied using the wet candle method and correlated with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. This relationship can be represented by the equation C tot = C 0 + k d · D ac , where k d is a coefficient which depends on concrete and environmental characteristics, C tot is the average total amount of Chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the chloride content in concrete before exposure and D ac is the accumulated dry deposition of Chlorides.
C Alonso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones the use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2010Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, C Alonso, J C Borba, M PadilhaAbstract:Durability of concrete structures under marine environments has been studied for a long time. This work was focused on marine atmosphere zone and studied the deposition of Chlorides on wet candle devices and its relation with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. Concrete specimens with three different mixtures were exposed at places located at four different distances from the sea. Periodically, chloride profiles were obtained and analysed taking into account environmental data. Results of numerical extrapolations show that chloride deposition rate on the wet candle can be used as an environmental indicator, helping to preview the expectancy of service life of concrete structures or suggesting minimum concrete cover thicknesses for a required service life. Regarding the studied region, service life decreases between 30% and 60% were observed when changing chloride deposition from 120 mg/m2 day to 500 mg/m2 day, which shows that chloride deposition plays an important role as an environmental indicator on service-life analysis of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zone.
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chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone relationship between deposition of Chlorides on the wet candle and Chlorides accumulated into concrete
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, I J Padaratz, C Alonso, J C BorbaAbstract:Abstract The relationship between Chlorides from marine aerosol and Chlorides accumulated into concrete is discussed in this paper. The experimental programme comprised an environmental characterisation, with climatic and chloride deposition data, and a study of chloride penetration into concrete based on natural exposure of specimens in a marine atmosphere zone. Results show that salt concentration in marine aerosol strongly decreases in the first meters from the sea. Chlorides present in the atmosphere can be studied using the wet candle method and correlated with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. This relationship can be represented by the equation C tot = C 0 + k d · D ac , where k d is a coefficient which depends on concrete and environmental characteristics, C tot is the average total amount of Chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the chloride content in concrete before exposure and D ac is the accumulated dry deposition of Chlorides.
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Chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone – Relationship between deposition of Chlorides on the wet candle and Chlorides accumulated into concrete
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, I J Padaratz, C Alonso, J C BorbaAbstract:Abstract The relationship between Chlorides from marine aerosol and Chlorides accumulated into concrete is discussed in this paper. The experimental programme comprised an environmental characterisation, with climatic and chloride deposition data, and a study of chloride penetration into concrete based on natural exposure of specimens in a marine atmosphere zone. Results show that salt concentration in marine aerosol strongly decreases in the first meters from the sea. Chlorides present in the atmosphere can be studied using the wet candle method and correlated with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. This relationship can be represented by the equation C tot = C 0 + k d · D ac , where k d is a coefficient which depends on concrete and environmental characteristics, C tot is the average total amount of Chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the chloride content in concrete before exposure and D ac is the accumulated dry deposition of Chlorides.
C Andrade - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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durability of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zones the use of chloride deposition rate on the wet candle as an environmental indicator
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2010Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, C Alonso, J C Borba, M PadilhaAbstract:Durability of concrete structures under marine environments has been studied for a long time. This work was focused on marine atmosphere zone and studied the deposition of Chlorides on wet candle devices and its relation with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. Concrete specimens with three different mixtures were exposed at places located at four different distances from the sea. Periodically, chloride profiles were obtained and analysed taking into account environmental data. Results of numerical extrapolations show that chloride deposition rate on the wet candle can be used as an environmental indicator, helping to preview the expectancy of service life of concrete structures or suggesting minimum concrete cover thicknesses for a required service life. Regarding the studied region, service life decreases between 30% and 60% were observed when changing chloride deposition from 120 mg/m2 day to 500 mg/m2 day, which shows that chloride deposition plays an important role as an environmental indicator on service-life analysis of concrete structures in marine atmosphere zone.
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chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone relationship between deposition of Chlorides on the wet candle and Chlorides accumulated into concrete
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, I J Padaratz, C Alonso, J C BorbaAbstract:Abstract The relationship between Chlorides from marine aerosol and Chlorides accumulated into concrete is discussed in this paper. The experimental programme comprised an environmental characterisation, with climatic and chloride deposition data, and a study of chloride penetration into concrete based on natural exposure of specimens in a marine atmosphere zone. Results show that salt concentration in marine aerosol strongly decreases in the first meters from the sea. Chlorides present in the atmosphere can be studied using the wet candle method and correlated with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. This relationship can be represented by the equation C tot = C 0 + k d · D ac , where k d is a coefficient which depends on concrete and environmental characteristics, C tot is the average total amount of Chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the chloride content in concrete before exposure and D ac is the accumulated dry deposition of Chlorides.
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Chloride penetration into concrete structures in the marine atmosphere zone – Relationship between deposition of Chlorides on the wet candle and Chlorides accumulated into concrete
Cement & Concrete Composites, 2007Co-Authors: Gibson Meira, C Andrade, I J Padaratz, C Alonso, J C BorbaAbstract:Abstract The relationship between Chlorides from marine aerosol and Chlorides accumulated into concrete is discussed in this paper. The experimental programme comprised an environmental characterisation, with climatic and chloride deposition data, and a study of chloride penetration into concrete based on natural exposure of specimens in a marine atmosphere zone. Results show that salt concentration in marine aerosol strongly decreases in the first meters from the sea. Chlorides present in the atmosphere can be studied using the wet candle method and correlated with Chlorides accumulated into concrete. This relationship can be represented by the equation C tot = C 0 + k d · D ac , where k d is a coefficient which depends on concrete and environmental characteristics, C tot is the average total amount of Chlorides accumulated into concrete, C 0 is the chloride content in concrete before exposure and D ac is the accumulated dry deposition of Chlorides.
Yingwu Yin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An Efficient Bismuth(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,1‐Diarylalkenes via Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Acyl Chloride or Vinyl Chloride with Arenes
Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 2006Co-Authors: Hongbin Sun, Ruimao Hua, Songjie Chen, Yingwu YinAbstract:In the presence of catalytic amount of bismuth(III) chloride, the reactions of acyl Chlorides or vinyl Chlorides with arenes afforded 1,1-diarylalkenes in 25–82 % isolated yield. In the case of the reaction of acyl Chlorides with arenes, the procedure includes an initial Friedel–Crafts acylation, subsequent formation of vinyl Chlorides and final Friedel–Crafts-type vinylation of another arene molecule with vinyl chloride. This paper reports the first Lewis acid-catalyzed cleavage of the CCl bond of vinyl chloride and its application in the synthesis of multiply subtituted alkenes.
