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Stefan Zech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) versus autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis plus peripheral blood concentrate (AMIC+PBC) in Chondral Defects of the first metatarsophalangeal joint – A clinical cohort analysis
Fuß & Sprunggelenk, 2020Co-Authors: Martinus Richter, Stefan Zech, Stefan Andreas Meissner, Issam NaefAbstract:Summary Background The aim of the study was to compare matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) with autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis plus peripheral blood concentrate (AMIC+PBC) in Chondral Defects at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP1). Material and methods Patients with Chondral Defect at MTP1 that were treated with MAST from October 1, 2011 to July 15, 2016 (n = 623) or with AMIC+PBC from July 17, 2016 to March 19, 2018 (n = 230) were included. 480(89%)/176(89%) patients (MAST/AMIC+PBC) completed follow-up. Size and location of the Chondral Defects and the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) and European Foot and Ankle Society Score (EFAS Score) before treatment and at follow-up were compared. Results In 20%/21% (MAST/AMIC+PBC) of patients no deformities in the forefoot were registered. The average were degree of osteoarthritis was 2.1/2.2 (MAST/AMIC+PBC). The Chondral Defect size was 0.9/1.0 cm2 on average (MAST/AMIC+PBC). The most common location was metatarsal dorsal (31/33%), and in most patients one Defect was registered (74/74%)(MAST/AMIC+PBC). Corrective osteotomy of the first metatarsal was performed in 80%/79% (MAST/AMIC+PBC). VAS FA/EFAS Score were preoperatively 53.6/52.6//48.4/46.8 and improved to 72.4/74.1//16.8/17.1 at follow-up (MAST//AMIC+PBC) on average. No parameter significantly differed between MAST and AMIC+PBC cohorts. Conclusions MAST and AMIC+PBC as treatment for Chondral Defects at MTP1 as part of a (complex) joint preserving surgery led to improved and high validated outcome scores in 2-year-follow-up. MAST and AMIC+PBC showed similar results.
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Matrix-associated Stem Cell Transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Lesions at the Ankle as Part of a Complex Surgical Approach
SAGE Publishing, 2018Co-Authors: Phd ,martinus Richter, Stefan ZechAbstract:Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the 5-year-follow-up after matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) in Chondral lesions at the ankle as part of a complex surgical approach. Methods: In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, all patients with Chondral Defect that were treated with MAST from April1 2009 to September 30, 2011 were analyzed. Size and location of the Chondral Defects and the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) before treatment and at follow-up were analysed. Stem cell-rich blood was harvested during the procedure from the ipsilateral pelvic bone marrow with a Jamshidi needle (10 x 3 mm, Cardinal, Dublin, OH, USA) and a special syringe (Arthrex-ACP, Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) through a stab incision. The syringe was centrifuged (10 minutes, 1,500 rotations per minute). The supernatant was used to impregnate a collagen I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide, Geistlich, Wollhusen, Switzerland) that was cut to the size of the cartilage Defect roughly before and definitely after. The matrix with stem cells was fixed into the Chondral Defect with fibrin glue (Tissucoll, Deerfield, IL, USA). Results: Sixty-six patients with 69 Chondral Defects were included in the study. The age of the patients was 35 years on average (range, 12-64 years). VAS FA before surgery was 48.9 on average (range, 16.5-75.9). The Defects were located as follows, medial talar shoulder, n=28; lateral talar shoulder, n=28 (medial and lateral talar shoulder, n=3), tibia, n=3. The Defect size was 1.4 cm 2 on average (range, .6 - 6 cm 2 ). 60 patients (91%) completed 5-year-follow-up. No patient was converted to fusion or total ankle replacement. The VAS FA improved to an average of 78.2 (range, 60.8-100; p=.01). Conclusion: MAST as part of a complex surgical approach led to improved and high validated outcome scores in the mid-term-follow-up. No method related complications were registered. Even though a control group is missing, we conclude that MAST as part of a complex surgical approach is an effective method for the treatment of Chondral lesions of the ankle for at least five years
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Matrix-Associated Stem Cell Transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the Ankle is Safe and Effective - 5-Year-Followup
SAGE Publishing, 2017Co-Authors: Phd ,martinus Richter, Stefan Meissner, Stefan ZechAbstract:Category: Ankle, Arthroscopy, Sports Introduction/Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the 5-year-follow-up of matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the ankle. Methods: In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, all patients with Chondral Defect that were treated with MAST from April1 2009 to September 30, 2011 were analyzed. Size and location of the Chondral Defects and the Visual- Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) before treatment and at follow-up were analysed. Stem cell-rich blood was harvested during the procedure from the ipsilateral pelvic bone marrow with a Jamshidi needle (10 x 3 mm, Cardinal, Dublin, OH, USA) and a special syringe (Arthrex-ACP, Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) through a stab incision. The syringe was centrifuged (10 minutes, 1,500 rotations per minute). The supernatant was used to impregnate a collagen I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide, Geistlich, Wollhusen, Switzerland) that was cut to the size of the cartilage Defect roughly before and definitely after. The matrix with stem cells was fixed into the Chondral Defect with fibrin glue (Tissucoll, Deerfield, IL, USA). Results: Sixty-six patients with 69 Chondral Defects were included in the study. The age of the patients was 35 years on average (range, 12-64 years). VAS FA before surgery was 48.9 on average (range, 16.5-75.9). The Defects were located as follows, medial talar shoulder, n=28; lateral talar shoulder, n=28 (medial and lateral talar shoulder, n=3), tibia, n=3. The Defect size was 1.4 cm2 on average (range, .6 - 6 cm2). 60 patients (91%) completed 5-year-follow-up. No patient was converted to fusion or total ankle replacement. The VAS FA improved to an average of 78.2 (range, 60.8-100; p=.01). Conclusion: MAST led to improved and high validated outcome scores at 5-year-followup. No method related complications were registered. Even though a control group is missing, we conclude that MAST is an effective method mid-term for the treatment of Chondral Defects of the ankle
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Two-Year-Followup in 20 Patients After Matrix-Associated Stem Cell Transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the 1st Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics, 2016Co-Authors: Martinus Richter, Stefan Zech, Stefan Andreas MeissnerAbstract:Category:OtherIntroduction/Purpose:For treatment of Chondral Defects, matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) is a modification of autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) with a potential higher concentration of stem cells due to harvesting fluid at the bone marrow and in-vitro processing. The aim of the study was to assess the 2-year-followup of MAST in Chondral Defects of the 1st MTP.Methods:In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, all patients with Chondral Defect that were treated with MAST from April 1st 2009 to March, 30th, 2013 were analyzed. Patients with bilateral treatment or with MAST at more than one joint surface were excluded from the study. The size and location of the Chondral Defects, method-associated problems and the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) and range of motion were registered and analyzed. MAST was performed as a single open procedure including debridement and microfracturing of the Chondral Defects. Stem cell- rich b...
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Matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the ankle is safe and effective - 2-year-followup in 130 patients.
Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, 2016Co-Authors: Martinus Richter, Stefan Zech, Stefan Andreas MeissnerAbstract:Abstract Background The aim of the study was to assess the 2-year-follow-up of matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the ankle. Methods In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, all patients with Chondral Defect that were treated with MAST from October 1, 2011 to July 31, 2013 were analyzed. Size and location of the Chondral Defects, method-associated problems and the Visual Analogue Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) before treatment and at follow-up were analyzed. Stem cell-rich blood was harvested from the ipsilateral pelvic bone marrow and centrifuged (10min, 1500rpm). The supernatant was used to impregnate a collagen I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide). The matrix was fixed into the Chondral Defect with fibrin glue. Results One hundred and forty-four patients with 150 Chondral Defects were included in the study. The age of the patients was 35 years on average (range, 12–68 years), 85 (59%) were male. The VAS FA before surgery was 48.5 on average (range, 16.5–78.8). The Defects were located as follows, medial talar shoulder, n =62; lateral talar shoulder, n =66 (medial and lateral talar shoulder, n =6), tibia, n =22. The Defect size was 1.6cm 2 on average (range, .6–6cm 2 ). 130 patients (90%) completed 2-year-follow-up. The VAS FA improved to an average of 87.5 (range, 62.1–100; t -test (comparison with preoperative scores), p =.01). Conclusions MAST led to improved and high validated outcome scores. No method related complications were registered. Even though a control group is missing, we conclude that MAST is a safe and effective method for the treatment of Chondral Defects of the ankle.
Stefan Andreas Meissner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) versus autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis plus peripheral blood concentrate (AMIC+PBC) in Chondral Defects of the first metatarsophalangeal joint – A clinical cohort analysis
Fuß & Sprunggelenk, 2020Co-Authors: Martinus Richter, Stefan Zech, Stefan Andreas Meissner, Issam NaefAbstract:Summary Background The aim of the study was to compare matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) with autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis plus peripheral blood concentrate (AMIC+PBC) in Chondral Defects at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP1). Material and methods Patients with Chondral Defect at MTP1 that were treated with MAST from October 1, 2011 to July 15, 2016 (n = 623) or with AMIC+PBC from July 17, 2016 to March 19, 2018 (n = 230) were included. 480(89%)/176(89%) patients (MAST/AMIC+PBC) completed follow-up. Size and location of the Chondral Defects and the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) and European Foot and Ankle Society Score (EFAS Score) before treatment and at follow-up were compared. Results In 20%/21% (MAST/AMIC+PBC) of patients no deformities in the forefoot were registered. The average were degree of osteoarthritis was 2.1/2.2 (MAST/AMIC+PBC). The Chondral Defect size was 0.9/1.0 cm2 on average (MAST/AMIC+PBC). The most common location was metatarsal dorsal (31/33%), and in most patients one Defect was registered (74/74%)(MAST/AMIC+PBC). Corrective osteotomy of the first metatarsal was performed in 80%/79% (MAST/AMIC+PBC). VAS FA/EFAS Score were preoperatively 53.6/52.6//48.4/46.8 and improved to 72.4/74.1//16.8/17.1 at follow-up (MAST//AMIC+PBC) on average. No parameter significantly differed between MAST and AMIC+PBC cohorts. Conclusions MAST and AMIC+PBC as treatment for Chondral Defects at MTP1 as part of a (complex) joint preserving surgery led to improved and high validated outcome scores in 2-year-follow-up. MAST and AMIC+PBC showed similar results.
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Two-Year-Followup in 20 Patients After Matrix-Associated Stem Cell Transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the 1st Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics, 2016Co-Authors: Martinus Richter, Stefan Zech, Stefan Andreas MeissnerAbstract:Category:OtherIntroduction/Purpose:For treatment of Chondral Defects, matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) is a modification of autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) with a potential higher concentration of stem cells due to harvesting fluid at the bone marrow and in-vitro processing. The aim of the study was to assess the 2-year-followup of MAST in Chondral Defects of the 1st MTP.Methods:In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, all patients with Chondral Defect that were treated with MAST from April 1st 2009 to March, 30th, 2013 were analyzed. Patients with bilateral treatment or with MAST at more than one joint surface were excluded from the study. The size and location of the Chondral Defects, method-associated problems and the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) and range of motion were registered and analyzed. MAST was performed as a single open procedure including debridement and microfracturing of the Chondral Defects. Stem cell- rich b...
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Matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the ankle is safe and effective - 2-year-followup in 130 patients.
Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, 2016Co-Authors: Martinus Richter, Stefan Zech, Stefan Andreas MeissnerAbstract:Abstract Background The aim of the study was to assess the 2-year-follow-up of matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the ankle. Methods In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, all patients with Chondral Defect that were treated with MAST from October 1, 2011 to July 31, 2013 were analyzed. Size and location of the Chondral Defects, method-associated problems and the Visual Analogue Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) before treatment and at follow-up were analyzed. Stem cell-rich blood was harvested from the ipsilateral pelvic bone marrow and centrifuged (10min, 1500rpm). The supernatant was used to impregnate a collagen I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide). The matrix was fixed into the Chondral Defect with fibrin glue. Results One hundred and forty-four patients with 150 Chondral Defects were included in the study. The age of the patients was 35 years on average (range, 12–68 years), 85 (59%) were male. The VAS FA before surgery was 48.5 on average (range, 16.5–78.8). The Defects were located as follows, medial talar shoulder, n =62; lateral talar shoulder, n =66 (medial and lateral talar shoulder, n =6), tibia, n =22. The Defect size was 1.6cm 2 on average (range, .6–6cm 2 ). 130 patients (90%) completed 2-year-follow-up. The VAS FA improved to an average of 87.5 (range, 62.1–100; t -test (comparison with preoperative scores), p =.01). Conclusions MAST led to improved and high validated outcome scores. No method related complications were registered. Even though a control group is missing, we conclude that MAST is a safe and effective method for the treatment of Chondral Defects of the ankle.
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Matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint is safe and effective-2-year-follow-up in 20 patients.
Foot and ankle surgery : official journal of the European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons, 2016Co-Authors: Martinus Richter, Stefan Zech, Stefan Andreas MeissnerAbstract:The aim of the study was to assess the 2-year-follow-up of matrix-associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) in Chondral Defects of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). In a prospective consecutive non-controlled clinical follow-up study, 20 patients with 25 Chondral Defect at the 1st MTPJ that were treated with MAST from October 1st, 2011 to March, 30th, 2013 were analysed. The size and location of the Chondral Defects range of motion (ROM), and the Visual-Analogue-Scale Foot and Ankle (VAS FA) before treatment and at follow-up were registered. Stem cell-rich blood was harvested from the ipsilateral pelvic bone marrow and centrifuged (10min, 1500 RPM). The supernatant was used to impregnate a collagen I/III matrix (Chondro-Guide). The matrix was fixed into the Chondral Defect with fibrin glue. The age of the patients was 42 years on average (range, 35-62 years). The VAS FA before surgery was 50.5 (range, 18.3-78.4). The Defects were located as follows, dorsal metatarsal head, n=12, plantar metatarsal head, n=5, dorsal & plantar, n=8 (two Defects, n=5). The Defect size was 0.7cm2 (range, .5-2.5cm2). ROM was 10.3/0/18.8° (dorsal extension/plantar flexion). All patients completed 2-year-follow-up. VAS FA improved to 91.5 (range, 74.2-100; t-test, p
Brian G Amsden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tough semisynthetic hydrogels for adipose derived stem cell delivery for Chondral Defect repair
Macromolecular Bioscience, 2017Co-Authors: Fraz Anjum, Andrew Carroll, Stuart Young, Lauren E Flynn, Brian G AmsdenAbstract:Cell-based therapies have great potential to regenerate and repair injured articular cartilage, and a range of synthetic and natural polymer-based hydrogels have been used in combination with stem cells and growth factors for this purpose. Although the hydrogel scaffolds developed to date possess many favorable characteristics, achieving the required mechanical properties has remained a challenge. A hydrogel system with tunable mechanical properties, composed of a mixture of natural and synthetic polymers, and its use for the encapsulation of adipose derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) is described. Solutions of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MCS) are mixed with solutions of acrylate-poly(trimethylene carbonate)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate)-acrylate (PEG-(PTMC-A)2 ) in phosphate buffered saline and crosslinked via thermally initiated free radical polymerization. The hydrogel compressive equilibrium moduli and toughness are readily tailored by varying the concentration of the pre-polymers, as well as the molecular weight of the PEG used to prepare the PEG-(PTMC-A)2 . Two peptide sequences, GVOGEA and GGGGRGDS, are individually conjugated to the MCS to facilitate cell binding. The presence of the peptide ligands yields high ASC viability and long term metabolic activity following encapsulation in hydrogels prepared using the thermal initiator system. Overall, these hydrogels show promise as a minimally invasive ASC delivery strategy for Chondral Defect repair.
Brian J. Cole - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of vertical or beveled Chondral Defect creation on rim deformation and contact
Cartilage, 2019Co-Authors: Adam B Yanke, Megan L Konopka, Davietta C Butty, Maximilian A Meyer, Eric J Cotter, Alejandro Espinoza, Brian J. ColeAbstract:ObjectiveTo determine biomechanical effects of knee cartilage Defect perimeter morphology based on cartilage strain and opposing subChondral bone contact.DesignArticular cartilage Defects were crea...
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Staging and Practical Issues in Complex Cases
Cartilage Restoration, 2018Co-Authors: David R Christian, Adam B Yanke, Lucy Oliver-welsh, Brian J. ColeAbstract:The management of articular cartilage Defects poses a complex challenge to the orthopedic surgeon. Developing an appropriate treatment plan requires a patient-centered approach with a thorough evaluation of a patient’s clinical history, physical exam, and imaging results. Many factors impact the appropriate treatment such as demographics, patient lifestyle, Defect characteristics, and any concomitant pathology such as meniscal deficiency, malalignment, or instability. Once all factors are considered and surgical management is indicated, the Chondral Defect can be successfully treated with a variety of modalities including debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteoChondral autograft transplant, or osteoChondral allograft, among others. Concomitant pathology can be managed with either staged or combined procedures, but failure to address these additional pathologies predisposes the patient to treatment failure and symptomatic recurrence. There are several complicated scenarios that occur relatively common: concomitant meniscal deficiency and Chondral Defect; concomitant malalignment and Chondral Defect; concomitant ligamentous injury and Chondral Defect; concomitant malalignment, meniscal deficiency, and Chondral Defect; and Chondral Defect with history of failed cartilage surgery. When appropriately applied, cartilage repair and restoration surgery provide reliably successful outcomes in patients with symptomatic articular cartilage Defects, even in the most complex cases.
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fresh osteoChondral allograft transplantation for focal Chondral Defect of the humerus associated with anchor arthropathy and failed slap repair
Arthroscopy techniques, 2017Co-Authors: Kevin C Wang, Eric J Cotter, Rachel M. Frank, Brian R Waterman, Brian J. ColeAbstract:Isolated, full-thickness articular cartilage lesions of the glenohumeral joint can cause pain, mechanical symptoms, and impaired function. Reports on operative management of these injuries with arthroscopic techniques, such as marrow stimulation, have shown improvement in patient symptoms. In cases where the subChondral bone is involved, osteoChondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has shown positive results for contained, focal cartilage Defects. The technique for OCA transplantation to treat Hill-Sachs lesions has been reported in detail, and there are multiple case series reporting on the outcomes of OCA used for this purpose. This Technical Note shows the application of OCA to treat a case of anchor arthropathy where a glenoid anchor placed during arthroscopic stabilization causes iatrogenic damage to the humeral head. This type of injury can result in cartilage lesions in uncommon locations, such as on the posterior humeral head. In this description, the technical pearls and pitfalls of managing difficult-to-access posterior humeral head lesions are presented along with the senior authors' general technique for OCA to treat focal lesions of the humeral head cartilage.
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Treatment of Glenoid Chondral Defect Using Micronized Allogeneic Cartilage Matrix Implantation
Arthroscopy techniques, 2014Co-Authors: Jason J. Shin, Chris R. Mellano, Gregory L. Cvetanovich, Rachel M. Frank, Brian J. ColeAbstract:Focal Chondral lesions of the glenohumeral joint, though less common than Chondral Defects in the knee or ankle, can be a significant source of pain in an active population. For patients in whom nonsurgical management fails, promising results have been reported after arthroscopic microfracture surgery to treat such lesions. However, microfracture leads to growth of fibrocartilage tissue and is biomechanically less durable than native hyaline cartilage. Recently, augmentation of the microfractured Defect with micronized allogeneic cartilage and platelet-rich plasma has been described to restore hyaline-like cartilage and potentially protect the subChondral bone from postsurgical fracture biology within the base of the Defect. We present a simple arthroscopic technique of implanting dehydrated, micronized allogeneic cartilage scaffold to treat an isolated Chondral lesion of the glenoid.
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prospective evaluation of concurrent meniscus transplantation and articular cartilage repair minimum 2 year follow up
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: Adam B Yanke, Matthew L Busam, Allison G Mcnickle, Brian J. ColeAbstract:BackgroundRecognition of the symbiotic relationship between the meniscus and articular cartilage is critical to the success of meniscal allograft transplantation. Simultaneous combined meniscal allograft transplantation and cartilage restoration procedures have been proposed for patients with a symptomatic postmeniscectomy knee with a focal Chondral Defect that would have traditionally been considered a contraindication to meniscal allograft transplantation.HypothesisCombined meniscal allograft transplantation and cartilage restoration procedures can be used to neutralize traditional contraindications to meniscal allograft transplantation with results comparable to either procedure performed in isolation.Study DesignCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsThirty patients underwent 31 combined meniscal allograft transplantation and cartilage restoration procedures between 1997 and 2004. These patients were prospectively studied, and completed standardized outcome surveys (including Lysholm, International ...
Ena Music - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sheep as a model for evaluating mesenchymal stem stromal cell msc based Chondral Defect repair
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 2018Co-Authors: Ena Music, Katarzyna Futrega, Michael R DoranAbstract:Osteoarthritis results from the degradation of articular cartilage and is one of the leading global causes of pain and immobility. Cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair. While repair can be enhanced through surgical intervention, current methods often generate inferior fibrocartilage and repair is transient. The development of tissue engineering strategies to improve repair outcomes is an active area of research. While small animal models such as rodents and rabbits are often used in early pre-clinical work, larger animals that better recapitulate the anatomy and loading of the human joint are required for late-stage preclinical evaluation. Because of their physiological similarities to humans, and low cost relative to other large animals, sheep are routinely used in orthopedic research, including cartilage repair studies. In recent years, there has been considerable research investment into the development of cartilage repair strategies that utilize mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC). In contrast to autologous chondrocytes derived from biopsies of articular cartilage, MSC offer some benefits including greater expansion capacity and elimination of the risk of morbidity at the cartilage biopsy site. The disadvantages of MSC are related to the challenges of inducing and maintaining a stable chondrocyte-like cell population capable of generating hyaline cartilage. Ovine MSC (oMSC) biology and their utility in sheep cartilage repair models have not been reviewed. Herein, we review the biological properties of MSC derived from sheep tissues, and the use of these cells to study articular cartilage repair in this large animal model.