The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joan F. Brennecke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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speciation conductivities diffusivities and electrochemical reduction as a function of water content in mixtures of hydrated Chromium Chloride choline Chloride
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2015Co-Authors: Dorrell C. Mccalman, Liyuan Sun, Joan F. Brennecke, Yong Zhang, Edward J. Maginn, William F. SchneiderAbstract:We report experiments and simulations to understand the factors that control Chromium (Cr3+) electrodeposition from ionic liquid solutions. Speciation, conductivities and diffusivities in mixtures of trivalent Chromium Chloride, water and choline Chloride (CrCl3/xH2O/yChCl) were computed from molecular dynamics simulations and compared to measured ultraviolet–visible spectra, conductivities from electrical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammograms. Computed changes in Cr3+ first solvation shell and conductivity with solution composition qualitatively agree with experimental observations. The Cr3+ first solvation shell contains predominantly H2O and Cl– and the proportion of the two ligands changes with the relative bulk concentrations of each. Conductivities and diffusivities are observed to be functions of these composition variables. Variations in observed reduction current are primarily determined by dynamical properties and are less influenced by speciation.
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Speciation, Conductivities, Diffusivities, and Electrochemical Reduction as a Function of Water Content in Mixtures of Hydrated Chromium Chloride/Choline Chloride
The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2015Co-Authors: Dorrell C. Mccalman, Liyuan Sun, Joan F. Brennecke, Yong Zhang, Edward J. Maginn, William F. SchneiderAbstract:We report experiments and simulations to understand the factors that control Chromium (Cr3+) electrodeposition from ionic liquid solutions. Speciation, conductivities and diffusivities in mixtures of trivalent Chromium Chloride, water and choline Chloride (CrCl3/xH2O/yChCl) were computed from molecular dynamics simulations and compared to measured ultraviolet–visible spectra, conductivities from electrical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammograms. Computed changes in Cr3+ first solvation shell and conductivity with solution composition qualitatively agree with experimental observations. The Cr3+ first solvation shell contains predominantly H2O and Cl– and the proportion of the two ligands changes with the relative bulk concentrations of each. Conductivities and diffusivities are observed to be functions of these composition variables. Variations in observed reduction current are primarily determined by dynamical properties and are less influenced by speciation.
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Characterization of Imidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids Plus Trivalent Chromium Chloride for Chromium Electroplating
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015Co-Authors: Liyuan Sun, Joan F. BrenneckeAbstract:A series of mixtures consisting of the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride, and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride ([emim][Cl], [bmim][Cl], and [hmim][Cl], respectively) and trivalent Chromium Chloride have been prepared. Physicochemical and electrochemical properties of these mixtures have been studied and the potential applications of these mixtures for Chromium electroplating, as an alternative to the conventional hard Chromium electroplating processes using hexavalent Chromium baths, have been examined. To optimize the transport properties of the mixtures, different amounts of ultrapure water were added to the Cr(III) salt–IL mixtures, although the ultimate goal is to reduce or eliminate water. As shown previously for choline Chloride/Cr(III) salt mixtures, we found that the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the mixtures are affected by the relative water content. Our preliminary electroplating results show that these types o...
Liyuan Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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speciation conductivities diffusivities and electrochemical reduction as a function of water content in mixtures of hydrated Chromium Chloride choline Chloride
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2015Co-Authors: Dorrell C. Mccalman, Liyuan Sun, Joan F. Brennecke, Yong Zhang, Edward J. Maginn, William F. SchneiderAbstract:We report experiments and simulations to understand the factors that control Chromium (Cr3+) electrodeposition from ionic liquid solutions. Speciation, conductivities and diffusivities in mixtures of trivalent Chromium Chloride, water and choline Chloride (CrCl3/xH2O/yChCl) were computed from molecular dynamics simulations and compared to measured ultraviolet–visible spectra, conductivities from electrical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammograms. Computed changes in Cr3+ first solvation shell and conductivity with solution composition qualitatively agree with experimental observations. The Cr3+ first solvation shell contains predominantly H2O and Cl– and the proportion of the two ligands changes with the relative bulk concentrations of each. Conductivities and diffusivities are observed to be functions of these composition variables. Variations in observed reduction current are primarily determined by dynamical properties and are less influenced by speciation.
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Speciation, Conductivities, Diffusivities, and Electrochemical Reduction as a Function of Water Content in Mixtures of Hydrated Chromium Chloride/Choline Chloride
The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2015Co-Authors: Dorrell C. Mccalman, Liyuan Sun, Joan F. Brennecke, Yong Zhang, Edward J. Maginn, William F. SchneiderAbstract:We report experiments and simulations to understand the factors that control Chromium (Cr3+) electrodeposition from ionic liquid solutions. Speciation, conductivities and diffusivities in mixtures of trivalent Chromium Chloride, water and choline Chloride (CrCl3/xH2O/yChCl) were computed from molecular dynamics simulations and compared to measured ultraviolet–visible spectra, conductivities from electrical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammograms. Computed changes in Cr3+ first solvation shell and conductivity with solution composition qualitatively agree with experimental observations. The Cr3+ first solvation shell contains predominantly H2O and Cl– and the proportion of the two ligands changes with the relative bulk concentrations of each. Conductivities and diffusivities are observed to be functions of these composition variables. Variations in observed reduction current are primarily determined by dynamical properties and are less influenced by speciation.
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Characterization of Imidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids Plus Trivalent Chromium Chloride for Chromium Electroplating
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2015Co-Authors: Liyuan Sun, Joan F. BrenneckeAbstract:A series of mixtures consisting of the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride, and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride ([emim][Cl], [bmim][Cl], and [hmim][Cl], respectively) and trivalent Chromium Chloride have been prepared. Physicochemical and electrochemical properties of these mixtures have been studied and the potential applications of these mixtures for Chromium electroplating, as an alternative to the conventional hard Chromium electroplating processes using hexavalent Chromium baths, have been examined. To optimize the transport properties of the mixtures, different amounts of ultrapure water were added to the Cr(III) salt–IL mixtures, although the ultimate goal is to reduce or eliminate water. As shown previously for choline Chloride/Cr(III) salt mixtures, we found that the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the mixtures are affected by the relative water content. Our preliminary electroplating results show that these types o...
William F. Schneider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Speciation, Conductivities, Diffusivities, and Electrochemical Reduction as a Function of Water Content in Mixtures of Hydrated Chromium Chloride/Choline Chloride
The journal of physical chemistry. B, 2015Co-Authors: Dorrell C. Mccalman, Liyuan Sun, Joan F. Brennecke, Yong Zhang, Edward J. Maginn, William F. SchneiderAbstract:We report experiments and simulations to understand the factors that control Chromium (Cr3+) electrodeposition from ionic liquid solutions. Speciation, conductivities and diffusivities in mixtures of trivalent Chromium Chloride, water and choline Chloride (CrCl3/xH2O/yChCl) were computed from molecular dynamics simulations and compared to measured ultraviolet–visible spectra, conductivities from electrical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammograms. Computed changes in Cr3+ first solvation shell and conductivity with solution composition qualitatively agree with experimental observations. The Cr3+ first solvation shell contains predominantly H2O and Cl– and the proportion of the two ligands changes with the relative bulk concentrations of each. Conductivities and diffusivities are observed to be functions of these composition variables. Variations in observed reduction current are primarily determined by dynamical properties and are less influenced by speciation.
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speciation conductivities diffusivities and electrochemical reduction as a function of water content in mixtures of hydrated Chromium Chloride choline Chloride
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2015Co-Authors: Dorrell C. Mccalman, Liyuan Sun, Joan F. Brennecke, Yong Zhang, Edward J. Maginn, William F. SchneiderAbstract:We report experiments and simulations to understand the factors that control Chromium (Cr3+) electrodeposition from ionic liquid solutions. Speciation, conductivities and diffusivities in mixtures of trivalent Chromium Chloride, water and choline Chloride (CrCl3/xH2O/yChCl) were computed from molecular dynamics simulations and compared to measured ultraviolet–visible spectra, conductivities from electrical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammograms. Computed changes in Cr3+ first solvation shell and conductivity with solution composition qualitatively agree with experimental observations. The Cr3+ first solvation shell contains predominantly H2O and Cl– and the proportion of the two ligands changes with the relative bulk concentrations of each. Conductivities and diffusivities are observed to be functions of these composition variables. Variations in observed reduction current are primarily determined by dynamical properties and are less influenced by speciation.
M. Beaudhuin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nanocrystalline Chromium disilicide synthesized by a fast Chlorine-Transfer-Reaction
Materials Letters, 2019Co-Authors: M. Godfroy, A. Russel, F. Mercier, M. Granier, T. Jarrosson, C. Niebel, F. Serein Spirau, R. Viennois, M. BeaudhuinAbstract:Pure nanocrystalline Chromium disilicide (CrSi2) were synthesized for the first time by a fast Chlorine-Transfer-Reaction between Chromium Chloride and silicon with the support of thermodynamics calculation. The use of sodium and lithium Chloride diluent enables to decrease the aggregates size from ∼2000 nm to ∼500 nm and to reach a nanocrystallite size ranging from 50 to 200 nm suitable for new applications
Yan Gong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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catalytic conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid by metal Chlorides
Molecules, 2010Co-Authors: Lincai Peng, Lu Lin, Junhua Zhang, Junping Zhuang, Beixiao Zhang, Yan GongAbstract:The catalytic performance of various metal Chlorides in the conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid in liquid water at high temperatures was investigated. The effects of reaction parameters on the yield of levulinic acid were also explored. The results showed that alkali and alkaline earth metal Chlorides were not effective in conversion of cellulose, while transition metal Chlorides, especially CrCl(3), FeCl(3) and CuCl(2) and a group IIIA metal Chloride (AlCl(3)), exhibited high catalytic activity. The catalytic performance was correlated with the acidity of the reaction system due to the addition of the metal Chlorides, but more dependent on the type of metal Chloride. Among those metal Chlorides, Chromium Chloride was found to be exceptionally effective for the conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid, affording an optimum yield of 67 mol % after a reaction time of 180 min, at 200 degrees C, with a catalyst dosage of 0.02 M and substrate concentration of 50 wt %. Chromium metal, most of which was present in its oxide form in the solid sample and only a small part in solution as Cr3+ ion, can be easily separated from the resulting product mixture and recycled. Finally, a plausible reaction scheme for the Chromium Chloride catalyzed conversion of cellulose in water was proposed.