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Joan Balanyà - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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global warming and Chromosomal inversion adaptation in isolated islands drosophila subobscura populations from madeira
Entomological Science, 2020Co-Authors: Raquel Madrenas, Joan Balanyà, Concepcio Arenas, Manhaz KhademAbstract:Global warming is an environmental phenomenon to which species must adapt to survive. Drosophila subobscura presents an adaptive capacity due to its Chromosomal inversion Polymorphism. Until now, the impact of global warming on this Polymorphism has been studied in D. subobscura populations located either on a continental mainland or on islands not far from a continent. In this context, gene flow could be a relevant mechanism allowing the movement of thermally adapted inversions between populations. Our aim was to sample and study the Chromosomal Polymorphism on Madeira, a small isolated island in the Atlantic Ocean. We compared our findings with those reported in the same location approximately four and five decades ago. Moreover, we studied whether global warming has occurred on this island by analyzing mean, maximum and minimum temperatures over a 55‐year period. All atmospheric parameters have increased significantly, consistent with climate change expectations. Frequencies and Chromosomal thermal index values of thermal adapted inversions remained quite stable over years. Furthermore, J, U and O chromosomes are almost fixed for “warm” adapted inversions. Thus, if there is little genetic variability remaining and temperatures continue increasing, island populations of D. subobscura might be on the threshold of endangerment. However, apart from selection, genetic drift and inbreeding, other processes, such as phenotypic plasticity or thermoregulatory behavior, could be involved in the survival of the species’ populations. Finally, although in danger, D. subobscura is a generalist that lives in humanized environments, and this fact could favor its persistence on Madeira Island.
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Climatic adaptation of Chromosomal inversions in Drosophila subobscura.
Genetica, 2018Co-Authors: Maria Galludo, Joan Balanyà, Jordi Canals, Laura Pineda-cirera, Carla Esteve, Maria Rosselló, Conxita ArenasAbstract:Drosophila subobscura is a species with a rich Chromosomal Polymorphism which is adaptive to different climatic conditions. Five samples of the Font Groga population (Barcelona, Spain) were sampled in autumn during 5 consecutive years (2011-2015) to obtain their inversion Chromosomal Polymorphism, and climatic data of several meteorological variables were also collected. The aim was to analyze the adaptive potential of inversions with regard to climatic variables, being the most relevant: mean temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), humidity (Hm) and rainfall (Rf). As expected, no significant variation in inversion frequencies were detected over this short period of time. However, from a climatic point of view it was possible to differentiate 'warm' and 'dry' from 'cold' and 'humid' samples. The joint study of maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures was a key element to understand the effect on adaptation of many inversions. It was also observed that temperature had to be considered in conjunction with humidity and rainfall. All these factors would condition the biota of D. subobscura habitat, and Chromosomal inversions could provide an adaptive response to it.
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the Chromosomal Polymorphism of drosophila subobscura a microevolutionary weapon to monitor global change
Heredity, 2009Co-Authors: Joan Balanyà, George W. Gilchrist, Raymond B. Huey, L SerraAbstract:The Palaearctic species Drosophila subobscura recently invaded the west coast of Chile and North America. This invasion helped to corroborate the adaptive value of the rich Chromosomal Polymorphism of the species, as the same clinal patterns than those observed in the original Palaearctic area were reproduced in the colonized areas in a relatively short period of time. The rapid response of this Polymorphism to environmental conditions makes it a good candidate to measure the effect of the global rising of temperatures on the genetic composition of populations. Indeed, the long-term variation of this Polymorphism shows a general increase in the frequency of those inversions typical of low latitudes, with a corresponding decrease of those typical of populations closer to the poles. Although the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood, the system remains a valid tool to monitor the genetic impact of global warming on natural populations.
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temperature related genetic changes in laboratory populations of drosophila subobscura evidence against simple climatic based explanations for latitudinal clines
The American Naturalist, 2005Co-Authors: Mauro Santos, Joan Balanyà, Walkiria Céspedes, Antonio Fontdevila, Vincenzo Trotta, Federico C F Calboli, Luo S SerraAbstract:Abstract: Parallel latitudinal clines to the long‐standing ones in the original Palearctic populations have independently evolved at different rates for Chromosomal Polymorphism and body size in South and North American populations of Drosophila subobscura since colonization around 25 years ago. This strongly suggests that (micro) evolutionary changes are largely predictable, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The putative role of temperature per se was investigated by using three sets of populations at each of three temperatures (13°, 18°, and 22°C) spanning much of the tolerable range for this species. We found a lower Chromosomal diversity at the warmest temperature; a quick and consistent shift in gene arrangement frequencies in response to temperature; an evolutionary decrease in wing size, mediated by both cell area and cell number, at 18°C; no relationship between wing size and those inversions involved in latitudinal clines; and a shortening of the basal length of longitudinal vein IV rela...
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long term changes in the Chromosomal inversion Polymorphism of drosophila subobscura ii european populations
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2004Co-Authors: Joan Balanyà, Josep M Oller, E. Solé, Diether Sperlich, L SerraAbstract:The Chromosomal Polymorphism of 13 European populations of Drosophila subobscura has been compared with that of the same populations collected 15–35 years ago. The Chromosomal Polymorphism of the old populations differs significantly from that of the new populations, mainly for chromosomes U and O. There is a very good agreement between the geographical space and the genetic space as shown by a graphical representation of the 26 statistical populations (13 old and 13 new) obtained by a principal coordinate analysis. This reflects both the existence of significant latitudinal clines for the frequencies of some Chromosomal arrangements in the old and new samples and systematic changes that have taken place in these populations during the period that elapsed between the two surveys. An increase in the frequency of those arrangements typical of southern latitudes and a decrease for those common in northern latitudes is observed in all populations – Mediterranean, Atlantic and Central European. Furthermore, the genetic distances of the new populations to a southern population of reference have decreased in comparison with those of the old populations. These changes could be the result of climatic factors that are correlated with latitude. In particular, the assumption that global warming is responsible for all the changes observed appears rather likely. Whether these systematic changes of the Chromosomal Polymorphism are a consequence of local adaptations or have been produced by migration from the south remains an open question. Zusamennfassung Der gegenwartige Chromosomale InversionsPolymorphismus in 13 europaischen Populationen von Drosophila subobscura wurde mit dem Zustand in denselben Populationen verglichen, die vor 15 bis 35 Jahren untersucht worden waren. Der ChromosomenPolymorphismus der ‘‘alten’’ Populationen unterscheidet sich signifikant von dem der ‘‘neuen’’ Populationen, besonders fur die Chromosomen U und O. Eine sehr gute Ubereinstimmung zeigt sich zwischen der geographischen Komponente und der genetischen Komponente bei einer graphischen Darstellung der 26 Populationen (13 alte und 13 neue Populationen) durch eine Koordinatenanalyse. Das spiegelt beides wider, die Existenz von signifikanten breitenabhangigen Klinen in der Haufigkeit einiger Chromosomaler Strukturtypen in den alten und den neuen Populationen, aber auch die systematischen Anderungen, die sich bei diesen Populationen im Laufe der Zeit zwischen den beiden Untersuchungen ereignet haben. Eine Zunahme in den Haufigkeiten jener Chromosomenstrukturen, die typisch fur sudliche Breiten sind, und eine Abnahme solcher Strukturen, die haufig in nordliche Breiten sind, konnte beobachtet werden - in den mediterranen, den atlantischen und den mitteleuropaischen Populationen in der gleichen Weise. Auserdem haben die genetischen Distanzen der neuen Populationen zu einer sudlichen Referenzpopulation im Vergleich zu denen der alten Populationen abgenommen. Diese Veranderungen wurden vermutlich von klimatischen Faktoren bestimmt, die mit der geographischen Breite korreliert sind. Insbesonders erscheint die Annahme, das die globale Erwarmung fur die Veranderungen des ChromosomenPolymorphismus dafur verantwortlich ist, ziemlich wahrscheinlich. Ob diese systematischen Transformationen des ChromosomenPolymorphismus ein Konsequenz lokaler Anpassungen oder auf Migration aus dem Suden zuruckzufuhren sind, bleibt eine offene Frage.
Montserrat Aguadé - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dense gene physical maps of the non-model species Drosophila subobscura
Chromosome Research, 2017Co-Authors: Dorcas J Orengo, Carmen Segarra, Eva Puerma, Montserrat Papaceit, Montserrat AguadéAbstract:The comparative analysis of genetic and physical maps as well as of whole genome sequences had revealed that in the Drosophila genus, most structural rearrangements occurred within Chromosomal elements as a result of paracentric inversions. Genome sequence comparison would seem the best method to estimate rates of Chromosomal evolution, but the high-quality reference genomes required for this endeavor are still scanty. Here, we have obtained dense physical maps for Muller elements A, C, and E of Drosophila subobscura , a species with an extensively studied rich and adaptive Chromosomal Polymorphism . These maps are based on 462 markers: 115, 236, and 111 markers for elements A, C, and E, respectively. The availability of these dense maps will facilitate genome assembly and will thus greatly contribute to obtaining a good reference genome, which is a required step for D. subobscura to attain the model species status. The comparative analysis of these physical maps and those obtained from the D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster genomes allowed us to infer the number of fixed inversions and Chromosomal evolutionary rates for each pairwise comparison. For all three elements, rates inferred from the more closely related species were higher than those inferred from the more distantly related species, which together with results of relative-rate tests point to an acceleration in the D. subobscura lineage at least for elements A and E.
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monitoring Chromosomal Polymorphism in drosophila subobscura over 40 years
Entomological Science, 2016Co-Authors: Dorcas J Orengo, Eva Puerma, Montserrat AguadéAbstract:The inversion Chromosomal Polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura is considered to be adaptive as a result of its responses at different time scales to temperature changes. This work reports the longest-term study of Chromosomal Polymorphism for a single population of D. subobscura with climatic data from the collecting site itself. The Chromosomal analysis of D. subobscura samples collected six times over a 40-year period at the same location and in the same seasonal interval has revealed the continuous presence of 16 common and six moderately rare Chromosomal arrangements through the period. This analysis also corroborates the previously detected negative relationship between the frequencies of the standard (cold-climate) arrangement on each of its five chromosomes and temperature, as well as between a comprehensive measure of cold adaptation (the total autosomal proportion of standard arrangement) and temperature. These and previous results would support that species harboring cold- and warm-adapted polymorphic Chromosomal arrangements, like D. subobscura, can rapidly respond to environmental changes.
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structure and population genetics of the breakpoints of a polymorphic inversion in drosophila subobscura
Evolution, 2013Co-Authors: Montserrat Papaceit, Carmen Segarra, Montserrat AguadéAbstract:Drosophila subobscura is a paleartic species of the obscura group with a rich Chromosomal Polymorphism. To further our understanding on the origin of inversions and on how they regain variation, we have identified and sequenced the two breakpoints of a polymorphic inversion of D. subobscura--inversion 3 of the O chromosome--in a population sample. The breakpoints could be identified as two rather short fragments (∼300 bp and 60 bp long) with no similarity to any known transposable element family or repetitive sequence. The presence of the ∼300-bp fragment at the two breakpoints of inverted chromosomes implies its duplication, an indication of the inversion origin via staggered double-strand breaks. Present results and previous findings support that the mode of origin of inversions is neither related to the inversion age nor species-group specific. The breakpoint regions do not consistently exhibit the lower level of variation within and stronger genetic differentiation between arrangements than more internal regions that would be expected, even in moderately small inversions, if gene conversion were greatly restricted at inversion breakpoints. Comparison of the proximal breakpoint region in species of the obscura group shows that this breakpoint lies in a small high-turnover fragment within a long collinear region (∼300 kb).
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Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism Leads to Extensive Genetic Structure: A Multilocus Survey in Drosophila subobscura
Genetics, 2005Co-Authors: Agustí Munté, Montserrat Aguadé, Julio Rozas, Carmen SegarraAbstract:The adaptive character of inversion Polymorphism in Drosophila subobscura is well established. The OST and O3+4 Chromosomal arrangements of this species differ by two overlapping inversions that arose independently on O3 chromosomes. Nucleotide variation in eight gene regions distributed along inversion O3 was analyzed in 14 OST and 14 O3+4 lines. Levels of variation within arrangements were quite similar along the inversion. In addition, we detected (i) extensive genetic differentiation between arrangements in all regions, regardless of their distance to the inversion breakpoints; (ii) strong association between nucleotide variants and Chromosomal arrangements; and (iii) high levels of linkage disequilibrium in intralocus and also in interlocus comparisons, extending over distances as great as ∼4 Mb. These results are not consistent with the higher genetic exchange between Chromosomal arrangements expected in the central part of an inversion from double-crossover events. Hence, double crossovers were not produced or, alternatively, recombinant chromosomes were eliminated by natural selection to maintain coadapted gene complexes. If the strong genetic differentiation detected along O3 extends to other inversions, nucleotide variation would be highly structured not only in D. subobscura, but also in the genome of other species with a rich Chromosomal Polymorphism.
L Serra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Chromosomal Polymorphism of drosophila subobscura a microevolutionary weapon to monitor global change
Heredity, 2009Co-Authors: Joan Balanyà, George W. Gilchrist, Raymond B. Huey, L SerraAbstract:The Palaearctic species Drosophila subobscura recently invaded the west coast of Chile and North America. This invasion helped to corroborate the adaptive value of the rich Chromosomal Polymorphism of the species, as the same clinal patterns than those observed in the original Palaearctic area were reproduced in the colonized areas in a relatively short period of time. The rapid response of this Polymorphism to environmental conditions makes it a good candidate to measure the effect of the global rising of temperatures on the genetic composition of populations. Indeed, the long-term variation of this Polymorphism shows a general increase in the frequency of those inversions typical of low latitudes, with a corresponding decrease of those typical of populations closer to the poles. Although the mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood, the system remains a valid tool to monitor the genetic impact of global warming on natural populations.
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long term changes in the Chromosomal inversion Polymorphism of drosophila subobscura ii european populations
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 2004Co-Authors: Joan Balanyà, Josep M Oller, E. Solé, Diether Sperlich, L SerraAbstract:The Chromosomal Polymorphism of 13 European populations of Drosophila subobscura has been compared with that of the same populations collected 15–35 years ago. The Chromosomal Polymorphism of the old populations differs significantly from that of the new populations, mainly for chromosomes U and O. There is a very good agreement between the geographical space and the genetic space as shown by a graphical representation of the 26 statistical populations (13 old and 13 new) obtained by a principal coordinate analysis. This reflects both the existence of significant latitudinal clines for the frequencies of some Chromosomal arrangements in the old and new samples and systematic changes that have taken place in these populations during the period that elapsed between the two surveys. An increase in the frequency of those arrangements typical of southern latitudes and a decrease for those common in northern latitudes is observed in all populations – Mediterranean, Atlantic and Central European. Furthermore, the genetic distances of the new populations to a southern population of reference have decreased in comparison with those of the old populations. These changes could be the result of climatic factors that are correlated with latitude. In particular, the assumption that global warming is responsible for all the changes observed appears rather likely. Whether these systematic changes of the Chromosomal Polymorphism are a consequence of local adaptations or have been produced by migration from the south remains an open question. Zusamennfassung Der gegenwartige Chromosomale InversionsPolymorphismus in 13 europaischen Populationen von Drosophila subobscura wurde mit dem Zustand in denselben Populationen verglichen, die vor 15 bis 35 Jahren untersucht worden waren. Der ChromosomenPolymorphismus der ‘‘alten’’ Populationen unterscheidet sich signifikant von dem der ‘‘neuen’’ Populationen, besonders fur die Chromosomen U und O. Eine sehr gute Ubereinstimmung zeigt sich zwischen der geographischen Komponente und der genetischen Komponente bei einer graphischen Darstellung der 26 Populationen (13 alte und 13 neue Populationen) durch eine Koordinatenanalyse. Das spiegelt beides wider, die Existenz von signifikanten breitenabhangigen Klinen in der Haufigkeit einiger Chromosomaler Strukturtypen in den alten und den neuen Populationen, aber auch die systematischen Anderungen, die sich bei diesen Populationen im Laufe der Zeit zwischen den beiden Untersuchungen ereignet haben. Eine Zunahme in den Haufigkeiten jener Chromosomenstrukturen, die typisch fur sudliche Breiten sind, und eine Abnahme solcher Strukturen, die haufig in nordliche Breiten sind, konnte beobachtet werden - in den mediterranen, den atlantischen und den mitteleuropaischen Populationen in der gleichen Weise. Auserdem haben die genetischen Distanzen der neuen Populationen zu einer sudlichen Referenzpopulation im Vergleich zu denen der alten Populationen abgenommen. Diese Veranderungen wurden vermutlich von klimatischen Faktoren bestimmt, die mit der geographischen Breite korreliert sind. Insbesonders erscheint die Annahme, das die globale Erwarmung fur die Veranderungen des ChromosomenPolymorphismus dafur verantwortlich ist, ziemlich wahrscheinlich. Ob diese systematischen Transformationen des ChromosomenPolymorphismus ein Konsequenz lokaler Anpassungen oder auf Migration aus dem Suden zuruckzufuhren sind, bleibt eine offene Frage.
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Chromosomal structure and recombination between inversions in drosophila subobscura
Hereditas, 2004Co-Authors: J Sanz, L SerraAbstract:Drosophila subobscura is a species with rich Chromosomal Polymorphism. More than 45 arrangements have been described in the 0 chromosome. The recombination between them is an interesting topic, because many nonoverlapping arrangements are inherited together. In the analysis of recombination between the arrangements 0, and 0, + + 8, out of 415 individuals observed none was found to be recombinant. The same result was obtained in the study of the recombination between the inversions 0, and 0, + in which 437 individuals were analyzed. In this case a significant non equivalent segregation was found, the 0, chromosomes being more frequent than expected. This phenomenon could be explained by three hypotheses: a meiotic drive, a greater fitness of the individuals carrying this inversion and heterotic effect of a wild chromosome in combination with a chromosome from an inbred laboratory strain. If the second hypothesis is correct, it could explain why an inversion always associated with a lethal gene in American populations is not infrequent and presents a clinal distribution in the colonized areas. Furthermore, another inversion, O,,, is very similar to 05. These two inversions can be distinguished only by careful observation. Although Ozz and 0, are very similar they show different behavior in the wild, probably due to the combinations of genes included in them.
Xiaomao Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the origin and evolution of Chromosomal reciprocal translocation in quasipaa boulengeri anura dicroglossidae
Frontiers in Genetics, 2020Co-Authors: Xiuyun Yuan, Siqi Yuan, Xiaomao ZengAbstract:: Chromosomal rearrangements have long fascinated evolutionary biologists for being widely implicated in causing genetic differentiation. Suppressed recombination has been demonstrated in various species with inversion; however, there is controversy over whether such recombination suppression would facilitate divergence in reciprocal translocation with reduced fitness. In this study, we used the spiny frog, Quasipaa boulengeri, whose western Sichuan Basin populations exhibit translocation Polymorphisms, to test whether the genetic markers on translocated (rearranged) or normal chromosomes have driven this genetic differentiation. We also investigated its overall genetic structure and the possibility of Chromosomal fixation. Whole-chromosome painting and genetic structure clustering suggested a single origin of the translocation Polymorphisms, and high-throughput sequencing of rearranged chromosomes isolated many markers with known localizations on chromosomes. Using these markers, distinct patterns of gene flow were found between rearranged and normal chromosomes. Genetic differentiation was only found in the translocated chromosomes, not in normal chromosomes or the mitochondrial genome. Hybrid unfitness cannot explain the genetic differentiation, as then the differentiation would be observed throughout the whole genome. Our results suggest that suppressed recombination drives genetic differentiation into a balanced Chromosomal Polymorphism. Mapping to a reference genome, we found that the region of genetic differentiation covered a wide range of translocated chromosomes, not only in the vicinity of Chromosomal breakpoints. Our results imply that the suppressed recombination region could be extended by accumulation of repetitive sequences or capture of alleles that are adapted to the local environment, following the spread and/or fixation of Chromosomal rearrangement.
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development of microsatellite markers for the spiny bellied frog quasipaa boulengeri anura dicroglossidae through transcriptome sequencing
Conservation Genetics Resources, 2015Co-Authors: Siqi Yuan, Yun Xia, Yuchi Zheng, Xiaomao ZengAbstract:We detected and isolated thirty-two microsatellite loci from transcriptome-derived microsatellite DNA for Quasipaa boulengeri. The isolated loci were all polymorphic and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 10. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus varied from 0.1493 to 0.9375 and from 0.1563 to 0.9688, respectively. By multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction, seven loci were deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and significant linkage disequilibrium was detected among twenty-five pairs of loci. Those variable microsatellite sites will be applied to assess gene flow between populations and investigate the evolutionary process of Chromosomal Polymorphism. Moreover, microsatellite loci were served as a valuable resource for drawing up criterion for the conservation management of this threatened species.
Xiuyun Yuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the origin and evolution of Chromosomal reciprocal translocation in quasipaa boulengeri anura dicroglossidae
Frontiers in Genetics, 2020Co-Authors: Xiuyun Yuan, Siqi Yuan, Xiaomao ZengAbstract:: Chromosomal rearrangements have long fascinated evolutionary biologists for being widely implicated in causing genetic differentiation. Suppressed recombination has been demonstrated in various species with inversion; however, there is controversy over whether such recombination suppression would facilitate divergence in reciprocal translocation with reduced fitness. In this study, we used the spiny frog, Quasipaa boulengeri, whose western Sichuan Basin populations exhibit translocation Polymorphisms, to test whether the genetic markers on translocated (rearranged) or normal chromosomes have driven this genetic differentiation. We also investigated its overall genetic structure and the possibility of Chromosomal fixation. Whole-chromosome painting and genetic structure clustering suggested a single origin of the translocation Polymorphisms, and high-throughput sequencing of rearranged chromosomes isolated many markers with known localizations on chromosomes. Using these markers, distinct patterns of gene flow were found between rearranged and normal chromosomes. Genetic differentiation was only found in the translocated chromosomes, not in normal chromosomes or the mitochondrial genome. Hybrid unfitness cannot explain the genetic differentiation, as then the differentiation would be observed throughout the whole genome. Our results suggest that suppressed recombination drives genetic differentiation into a balanced Chromosomal Polymorphism. Mapping to a reference genome, we found that the region of genetic differentiation covered a wide range of translocated chromosomes, not only in the vicinity of Chromosomal breakpoints. Our results imply that the suppressed recombination region could be extended by accumulation of repetitive sequences or capture of alleles that are adapted to the local environment, following the spread and/or fixation of Chromosomal rearrangement.