The Experts below are selected from a list of 15783 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Patrick S. Fitze - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reversals in complex traits uncovered as reticulation events: Lessons from the evolution of parity-mode, Chromosome Morphology, and maternal resource transfer.
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B Molecular and developmental evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Luis Horreo, Teresa Suárez, Patrick S. FitzeAbstract:Complex traits include, among many others, the evolution of eyes, wings, body forms, reproductive modes, human intelligence, social behavior, diseases, and Chromosome Morphology. Dollo's law states that the evolution of complex traits is irreversible. However, potential exceptions have been proposed. Here, we investigated whether reticulation, a simple and elegant means by which complex characters may be reacquired, could account for suggested reversals in the evolution of complex characters using two datasets with sufficient genetic coverage and a total of five potential reversals. Our analyses uncovered a potential reversal in the evolution of parity mode and a potential reversal in the evolution of placentotrophy of fish (Cyprinodontiformes) as reticulation events. Moreover, in a reptile that exhibits a potential reversal from viviparity to oviparity (Zootoca vivipara), reticulation provided the most parsimonious explanation for sex Chromosome evolution. Therefore, three of the five studied potential reversals were unraveled as reticulation events. This constitutes the first evidence that accounting for reticulation can fundamentally influence the interpretation of the evolution of complex traits, that testing for reticulation is crucial for obtaining robust phylogenies, and that complex ancestral characters may be reacquired through hybridization with a lineage that still exhibits the trait. Hybridization, rather than reappearance of ancestral traits by means of small evolutionary steps, may thus account for suggested exceptions to Dollo's law. Consequently, ruling out reticulation is required to claim the evolutionary reversal of complex characters and potential exceptions to Dollo's rule.
Michael Hausmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Labelling quality and Chromosome Morphology after low temperature FISH analysed by scanning far-field and near-field optical microscopy.
Journal of Microscopy, 2003Co-Authors: Ralph Winkler, Birgit Perner, Alexander Rapp, Markus Durm, Christoph Cremer, Karl Otto Greulich, Michael HausmannAbstract:Summary A non-enzymatic, low temperature fluorescence in situ hybridization (LTFISH) procedure was applied to metaphase spreads and interphase cell nuclei. In this context ‘low temperature’ means that the denaturation procedure of the chromosomal target DNA usually applied by heat treatment and chaotropic agents such as formamide was completely omitted so that the complete hybridization reaction took place at 37 ° C. For LTFISH, the DNA probe had to be single-stranded, which was achieved by means of separate thermal denaturation of the DNA probe only. The DNA probe pUC1.77 was used for all LTFISH experiments. The labelling quality (number of binding sites, relative background intensity, relative intensity of major and minor binding sites) was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). An optimum in specificity and signal quality was obtained for 15 h hybridization time. For this hybridization condition of LTFISH, the chromosomal Morphology was analysed by scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). The results were compared with the Morphology of Chromosomes after (a) labelling of all centromeres using the same chemical treatment in the FISH procedure but with the application of target denaturation, and (b) labelling of all centromeres using a standard FISH protocol including thermal denaturation of the DNA probe and the chromosomal target. Depending on the FISH-procedure applied, SNOM images show substantial differences in the Chromosome Morphology. After LTFISH the Chromosome Morphology appeared to be much better preserved than after standard FISH. In contrast, the application of the LTFISH chemical treatment accompanied by heat denaturation had a very destructive influence on chromosomal Morphology. The results indicate that, at least for certain DNA probes, specific Chromosome labelling can be obtained without the usually applied heat and chemical denaturation of the DNA target, resulting in an apparently well preserved chromatin Morphology as visualized by SNOM. LTFISH may be therefore a useful labelling technique whenever the chromosomal Morphology had to be preserved after specific labelling of DNA regions. Binding mechanisms of single-stranded DNA probes to doublestranded DNA targets are discussed.
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Labelling quality and Chromosome Morphology after low temperature FISH analysed by scanning far-field and near-field optical microscopy.
Journal of microscopy, 2003Co-Authors: Ralph Winkler, Birgit Perner, Alexander Rapp, Markus Durm, Christoph Cremer, Karl Otto Greulich, Michael HausmannAbstract:A non-enzymatic, low temperature fluorescence in situ hybridization (LTFISH) procedure was applied to metaphase spreads and interphase cell nuclei. In this context 'low temperature' means that the denaturation procedure of the chromosomal target DNA usually applied by heat treatment and chaotropic agents such as formamide was completely omitted so that the complete hybridization reaction took place at 37 degrees C. For LTFISH, the DNA probe had to be single-stranded, which was achieved by means of separate thermal denaturation of the DNA probe only. The DNA probe pUC1.77 was used for all LTFISH experiments. The labelling quality (number of binding sites, relative background intensity, relative intensity of major and minor binding sites) was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). An optimum in specificity and signal quality was obtained for 15 h hybridization time. For this hybridization condition of LTFISH, the chromosomal Morphology was analysed by scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). The results were compared with the Morphology of Chromosomes after (a) labelling of all centromeres using the same chemical treatment in the FISH procedure but with the application of target denaturation, and (b) labelling of all centromeres using a standard FISH protocol including thermal denaturation of the DNA probe and the chromosomal target. Depending on the FISH-procedure applied, SNOM images show substantial differences in the Chromosome Morphology. After LTFISH the Chromosome Morphology appeared to be much better preserved than after standard FISH. In contrast, the application of the LTFISH chemical treatment accompanied by heat denaturation had a very destructive influence on chromosomal Morphology. The results indicate that, at least for certain DNA probes, specific Chromosome labelling can be obtained without the usually applied heat and chemical denaturation of the DNA target, resulting in an apparently well preserved chromatin Morphology as visualized by SNOM. LTFISH may be therefore a useful labelling technique whenever the chromosomal Morphology had to be preserved after specific labelling of DNA regions. Binding mechanisms of single-stranded DNA probes to double-stranded DNA targets are discussed.
Jose Luis Horreo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reversals in complex traits uncovered as reticulation events: Lessons from the evolution of parity-mode, Chromosome Morphology, and maternal resource transfer.
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B Molecular and developmental evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Luis Horreo, Teresa Suárez, Patrick S. FitzeAbstract:Complex traits include, among many others, the evolution of eyes, wings, body forms, reproductive modes, human intelligence, social behavior, diseases, and Chromosome Morphology. Dollo's law states that the evolution of complex traits is irreversible. However, potential exceptions have been proposed. Here, we investigated whether reticulation, a simple and elegant means by which complex characters may be reacquired, could account for suggested reversals in the evolution of complex characters using two datasets with sufficient genetic coverage and a total of five potential reversals. Our analyses uncovered a potential reversal in the evolution of parity mode and a potential reversal in the evolution of placentotrophy of fish (Cyprinodontiformes) as reticulation events. Moreover, in a reptile that exhibits a potential reversal from viviparity to oviparity (Zootoca vivipara), reticulation provided the most parsimonious explanation for sex Chromosome evolution. Therefore, three of the five studied potential reversals were unraveled as reticulation events. This constitutes the first evidence that accounting for reticulation can fundamentally influence the interpretation of the evolution of complex traits, that testing for reticulation is crucial for obtaining robust phylogenies, and that complex ancestral characters may be reacquired through hybridization with a lineage that still exhibits the trait. Hybridization, rather than reappearance of ancestral traits by means of small evolutionary steps, may thus account for suggested exceptions to Dollo's law. Consequently, ruling out reticulation is required to claim the evolutionary reversal of complex characters and potential exceptions to Dollo's rule.
Ralph Winkler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Labelling quality and Chromosome Morphology after low temperature FISH analysed by scanning far-field and near-field optical microscopy.
Journal of Microscopy, 2003Co-Authors: Ralph Winkler, Birgit Perner, Alexander Rapp, Markus Durm, Christoph Cremer, Karl Otto Greulich, Michael HausmannAbstract:Summary A non-enzymatic, low temperature fluorescence in situ hybridization (LTFISH) procedure was applied to metaphase spreads and interphase cell nuclei. In this context ‘low temperature’ means that the denaturation procedure of the chromosomal target DNA usually applied by heat treatment and chaotropic agents such as formamide was completely omitted so that the complete hybridization reaction took place at 37 ° C. For LTFISH, the DNA probe had to be single-stranded, which was achieved by means of separate thermal denaturation of the DNA probe only. The DNA probe pUC1.77 was used for all LTFISH experiments. The labelling quality (number of binding sites, relative background intensity, relative intensity of major and minor binding sites) was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). An optimum in specificity and signal quality was obtained for 15 h hybridization time. For this hybridization condition of LTFISH, the chromosomal Morphology was analysed by scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). The results were compared with the Morphology of Chromosomes after (a) labelling of all centromeres using the same chemical treatment in the FISH procedure but with the application of target denaturation, and (b) labelling of all centromeres using a standard FISH protocol including thermal denaturation of the DNA probe and the chromosomal target. Depending on the FISH-procedure applied, SNOM images show substantial differences in the Chromosome Morphology. After LTFISH the Chromosome Morphology appeared to be much better preserved than after standard FISH. In contrast, the application of the LTFISH chemical treatment accompanied by heat denaturation had a very destructive influence on chromosomal Morphology. The results indicate that, at least for certain DNA probes, specific Chromosome labelling can be obtained without the usually applied heat and chemical denaturation of the DNA target, resulting in an apparently well preserved chromatin Morphology as visualized by SNOM. LTFISH may be therefore a useful labelling technique whenever the chromosomal Morphology had to be preserved after specific labelling of DNA regions. Binding mechanisms of single-stranded DNA probes to doublestranded DNA targets are discussed.
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Labelling quality and Chromosome Morphology after low temperature FISH analysed by scanning far-field and near-field optical microscopy.
Journal of microscopy, 2003Co-Authors: Ralph Winkler, Birgit Perner, Alexander Rapp, Markus Durm, Christoph Cremer, Karl Otto Greulich, Michael HausmannAbstract:A non-enzymatic, low temperature fluorescence in situ hybridization (LTFISH) procedure was applied to metaphase spreads and interphase cell nuclei. In this context 'low temperature' means that the denaturation procedure of the chromosomal target DNA usually applied by heat treatment and chaotropic agents such as formamide was completely omitted so that the complete hybridization reaction took place at 37 degrees C. For LTFISH, the DNA probe had to be single-stranded, which was achieved by means of separate thermal denaturation of the DNA probe only. The DNA probe pUC1.77 was used for all LTFISH experiments. The labelling quality (number of binding sites, relative background intensity, relative intensity of major and minor binding sites) was analysed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). An optimum in specificity and signal quality was obtained for 15 h hybridization time. For this hybridization condition of LTFISH, the chromosomal Morphology was analysed by scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). The results were compared with the Morphology of Chromosomes after (a) labelling of all centromeres using the same chemical treatment in the FISH procedure but with the application of target denaturation, and (b) labelling of all centromeres using a standard FISH protocol including thermal denaturation of the DNA probe and the chromosomal target. Depending on the FISH-procedure applied, SNOM images show substantial differences in the Chromosome Morphology. After LTFISH the Chromosome Morphology appeared to be much better preserved than after standard FISH. In contrast, the application of the LTFISH chemical treatment accompanied by heat denaturation had a very destructive influence on chromosomal Morphology. The results indicate that, at least for certain DNA probes, specific Chromosome labelling can be obtained without the usually applied heat and chemical denaturation of the DNA target, resulting in an apparently well preserved chromatin Morphology as visualized by SNOM. LTFISH may be therefore a useful labelling technique whenever the chromosomal Morphology had to be preserved after specific labelling of DNA regions. Binding mechanisms of single-stranded DNA probes to double-stranded DNA targets are discussed.
Teresa Suárez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reversals in complex traits uncovered as reticulation events: Lessons from the evolution of parity-mode, Chromosome Morphology, and maternal resource transfer.
Journal of experimental zoology. Part B Molecular and developmental evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Jose Luis Horreo, Teresa Suárez, Patrick S. FitzeAbstract:Complex traits include, among many others, the evolution of eyes, wings, body forms, reproductive modes, human intelligence, social behavior, diseases, and Chromosome Morphology. Dollo's law states that the evolution of complex traits is irreversible. However, potential exceptions have been proposed. Here, we investigated whether reticulation, a simple and elegant means by which complex characters may be reacquired, could account for suggested reversals in the evolution of complex characters using two datasets with sufficient genetic coverage and a total of five potential reversals. Our analyses uncovered a potential reversal in the evolution of parity mode and a potential reversal in the evolution of placentotrophy of fish (Cyprinodontiformes) as reticulation events. Moreover, in a reptile that exhibits a potential reversal from viviparity to oviparity (Zootoca vivipara), reticulation provided the most parsimonious explanation for sex Chromosome evolution. Therefore, three of the five studied potential reversals were unraveled as reticulation events. This constitutes the first evidence that accounting for reticulation can fundamentally influence the interpretation of the evolution of complex traits, that testing for reticulation is crucial for obtaining robust phylogenies, and that complex ancestral characters may be reacquired through hybridization with a lineage that still exhibits the trait. Hybridization, rather than reappearance of ancestral traits by means of small evolutionary steps, may thus account for suggested exceptions to Dollo's law. Consequently, ruling out reticulation is required to claim the evolutionary reversal of complex characters and potential exceptions to Dollo's rule.