The Experts below are selected from a list of 84 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Luigi Gambarotta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork under eccentric loading. Part II: CFRP reinforced masonry
Materials and Structures, 2020Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:The mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork in presence of CFRP near-surface reinforcement and under eccentric loads is addressed in this paper. Experimental tests on CFRP reinforced masonry (CFRP-RM) prisms under eccentric loads are compared to similar tests on URM specimens in order to give a preliminary insight in the collapse mechanisms of CFRP-reinforced masonry. While URM is found to exhibit a quasi-brittle response, so raising objections to several analytical procedures for masonry bridge assessment, CFRP reinforcement may be responsible of a significant increase in the Brickwork compressive strength and ductility. Some considerations on the cracking processes inside reinforced masonry prisms are discusse
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Eccentrically loaded Brickwork: Theoretical and experimental results
Engineering Structures, 2008Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, C. Corradi, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:The assessment procedures for masonry arches and columns usually assume homogeneous constitutive models for which strength and stiffness parameters are described in terms of a uni-axial constitutive law. The limits of such an approach are seldom discussed and related to the Brickwork inhomogeneity, i.e. to the brick size and to the masonry bond. In this paper, a first theoretical and experimental approach to concentric and eccentric loading of solid Clay Brickwork are developed and discussed, investigating the failure modes and the compressive strength of masonry and their dependence on the strength, on the geometry of the constituents and on the loading conditions. A mechanical model for the load carrying capacity of eccentrically compressed Brickwork prisms, based on the Static Theorem of Limit Analysis, is proposed allowing: (i) the compressive strength to be related to the size of bricks and mortar joints, showing that edge effects at the free edges do not significantly affect the global behaviour of the material; (ii) the limit domains in the axial force-bending moment space to be derived. Moreover, a series of Brickwork prisms have been tested with different load eccentricities; the comparison with the theoretical approach provides upper and lower bounds to the load carrying capacity of the material and shows that: (i) Brickwork exhibits limited inelastic strains that need to be taken into account to explain the experimental data; (ii) plastic models for masonry overestimate the actual load carrying capacity. On the basis of these results, one-dimensional homogenized constitutive models, suitable for applications, are formulated and their effectiveness supported by the experimental results.
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Mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork under eccentric loading. Part II: CFRP reinforced masonry
Materials and Structures, 2005Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:Dans cette étude, on rapporte les résultats mécaniques d'un mur en briques pleines renforcées superficiellement par des polymères renforcés de fibres de carbone (CFRP) et soumis à des charges excentriques. Les essais expérimentaux sur les murs renforcés par des CFRP soumis à des charges excentriques sont comparables à des essais semblables effectués sur des spécimens URM de façon à fournir des actions préliminaires sur les mécanismes d'effondrement des murs renforcés par des CFRP. Alors que l'URM révèle une réponse presque fragile qui prevue soulever des objections sur les différentes procédures s'analyse pour vérifier les ponts en maçonnerie le renfort avec CFRP peut déterminer une augmentation et de la ductilité des murs. Quelques considérations sur les phénomènes de fissures dans la maçonnerie renforcée sont à examiner. The mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork in presence of CFRP near-surface reinforcement and under eccentric loads is addressed in this paper. Experimental tests on CFRP reinforced masonry (CFRP-RM) prisms under eccentric loads are compared to similar tests on URM specimens in order to give a preliminary insight in the collapse mechanisms of CFRP-reinforced masonry. While URM is found to exhibit a quasi-brittle response, so raising objections to several analytical procedures for masonry bridge assessment, CFRP reinforcement may be responsible of a significant increase in the Brickwork compressive strength and ductility. Some considerations on the cracking processes inside reinforced masonry prisms are discussed.
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Mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork under eccentric loading. Part I: Unreinforced masonry
Materials and Structures, 2005Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:The compressive strength of eccentrically loaded masonry, affecting the strength of arches, vaults, pillars and out-of-plane loaded masonry panels, is addressed in this paper both from the experimental and numerical point of view. The aim is that of relating the eccentric compressive strength to the concentric value, to the mechanical characteristics of the constituents, i.e. mortar and bricks, and to the Brickwork bond. In the paper, displacement controlled compression tests on solid Clay brick and cement-lime mortar masonry prisms, under concentric and moderate-to-highly eccentric loading, are presented and discussed. The experimental outcomes and the results of FEM models give a preliminary insight in the mechanical response of masonry up to collapse. It is found that edge effects may affect the load carrying capacity of the Brickwork, while detailed measurements on the mortar joints show that the plane section assumption, typical of many design procedures, is reasonably verified up to the limit load, giving was to simplified but reliable design procedures. La résistance à compression dans les murs chargé excentriquement, typique des arches, des voûtes, des piliers et des panneaux de murs charges hors de leurs propres étages est prise en considération dans ce travail d'un point de vue expérimental et numérique. Le but est de trouver une relation entre la résistance à compression excentrique et celle centrée et les caractéristiques mécaniques des composants, par exemple mortier et briques avec la texture de la maçonnerie. Dans l'étude, on présente et on discute les preuves de compression en contrôlant la compression sur les prismes des briques pleines et mortier de chaux et ciment. Les résultats expérimentaux et ceux des modèles FEM fournissent quelques informations sur les réponses mécaniques des murs jusqu'à leur effondrement. On s'est rendu compte que les effets de bord peuvent influencer la capacité de résistance de la maçonnerie alors que des mesures détaillées sur les joints de mortier démontrent que les hypothèses de conservation des sections plates, selon différentes façons de calculer, sont vérifiées raisonnablement jusqu'à la limite de la charge, ouvrant la route à des façons de calculer plus simples mais fiables.
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mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork under eccentric loading part i unreinforced masonry
Materials and Structures, 2005Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:The mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork in presence of CFRP near-surface reinforcement and under eccentric loads is addressed in this paper. Experimental tests on CFRP reinforced masonry (CFRP-RM) prisms under eccentric loads are compared to similar tests on URM specimens in order to give a preliminary insight in the collapse mechanisms of CFRP-reinforced masonry. While URM is found to exhibit a quasi-brittle response, so raising objections to several analytical procedures for masonry bridge assessment, CFRP reinforcement may be responsible of a significant increase in the Brickwork compressive strength and ductility. Some considerations on the cracking processes inside reinforced masonry prisms are discussed.
Antonio Brencich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork under eccentric loading. Part II: CFRP reinforced masonry
Materials and Structures, 2020Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:The mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork in presence of CFRP near-surface reinforcement and under eccentric loads is addressed in this paper. Experimental tests on CFRP reinforced masonry (CFRP-RM) prisms under eccentric loads are compared to similar tests on URM specimens in order to give a preliminary insight in the collapse mechanisms of CFRP-reinforced masonry. While URM is found to exhibit a quasi-brittle response, so raising objections to several analytical procedures for masonry bridge assessment, CFRP reinforcement may be responsible of a significant increase in the Brickwork compressive strength and ductility. Some considerations on the cracking processes inside reinforced masonry prisms are discusse
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Eccentrically loaded Brickwork: Theoretical and experimental results
Engineering Structures, 2008Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, C. Corradi, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:The assessment procedures for masonry arches and columns usually assume homogeneous constitutive models for which strength and stiffness parameters are described in terms of a uni-axial constitutive law. The limits of such an approach are seldom discussed and related to the Brickwork inhomogeneity, i.e. to the brick size and to the masonry bond. In this paper, a first theoretical and experimental approach to concentric and eccentric loading of solid Clay Brickwork are developed and discussed, investigating the failure modes and the compressive strength of masonry and their dependence on the strength, on the geometry of the constituents and on the loading conditions. A mechanical model for the load carrying capacity of eccentrically compressed Brickwork prisms, based on the Static Theorem of Limit Analysis, is proposed allowing: (i) the compressive strength to be related to the size of bricks and mortar joints, showing that edge effects at the free edges do not significantly affect the global behaviour of the material; (ii) the limit domains in the axial force-bending moment space to be derived. Moreover, a series of Brickwork prisms have been tested with different load eccentricities; the comparison with the theoretical approach provides upper and lower bounds to the load carrying capacity of the material and shows that: (i) Brickwork exhibits limited inelastic strains that need to be taken into account to explain the experimental data; (ii) plastic models for masonry overestimate the actual load carrying capacity. On the basis of these results, one-dimensional homogenized constitutive models, suitable for applications, are formulated and their effectiveness supported by the experimental results.
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Mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork under eccentric loading. Part II: CFRP reinforced masonry
Materials and Structures, 2005Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:Dans cette étude, on rapporte les résultats mécaniques d'un mur en briques pleines renforcées superficiellement par des polymères renforcés de fibres de carbone (CFRP) et soumis à des charges excentriques. Les essais expérimentaux sur les murs renforcés par des CFRP soumis à des charges excentriques sont comparables à des essais semblables effectués sur des spécimens URM de façon à fournir des actions préliminaires sur les mécanismes d'effondrement des murs renforcés par des CFRP. Alors que l'URM révèle une réponse presque fragile qui prevue soulever des objections sur les différentes procédures s'analyse pour vérifier les ponts en maçonnerie le renfort avec CFRP peut déterminer une augmentation et de la ductilité des murs. Quelques considérations sur les phénomènes de fissures dans la maçonnerie renforcée sont à examiner. The mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork in presence of CFRP near-surface reinforcement and under eccentric loads is addressed in this paper. Experimental tests on CFRP reinforced masonry (CFRP-RM) prisms under eccentric loads are compared to similar tests on URM specimens in order to give a preliminary insight in the collapse mechanisms of CFRP-reinforced masonry. While URM is found to exhibit a quasi-brittle response, so raising objections to several analytical procedures for masonry bridge assessment, CFRP reinforcement may be responsible of a significant increase in the Brickwork compressive strength and ductility. Some considerations on the cracking processes inside reinforced masonry prisms are discussed.
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Mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork under eccentric loading. Part I: Unreinforced masonry
Materials and Structures, 2005Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:The compressive strength of eccentrically loaded masonry, affecting the strength of arches, vaults, pillars and out-of-plane loaded masonry panels, is addressed in this paper both from the experimental and numerical point of view. The aim is that of relating the eccentric compressive strength to the concentric value, to the mechanical characteristics of the constituents, i.e. mortar and bricks, and to the Brickwork bond. In the paper, displacement controlled compression tests on solid Clay brick and cement-lime mortar masonry prisms, under concentric and moderate-to-highly eccentric loading, are presented and discussed. The experimental outcomes and the results of FEM models give a preliminary insight in the mechanical response of masonry up to collapse. It is found that edge effects may affect the load carrying capacity of the Brickwork, while detailed measurements on the mortar joints show that the plane section assumption, typical of many design procedures, is reasonably verified up to the limit load, giving was to simplified but reliable design procedures. La résistance à compression dans les murs chargé excentriquement, typique des arches, des voûtes, des piliers et des panneaux de murs charges hors de leurs propres étages est prise en considération dans ce travail d'un point de vue expérimental et numérique. Le but est de trouver une relation entre la résistance à compression excentrique et celle centrée et les caractéristiques mécaniques des composants, par exemple mortier et briques avec la texture de la maçonnerie. Dans l'étude, on présente et on discute les preuves de compression en contrôlant la compression sur les prismes des briques pleines et mortier de chaux et ciment. Les résultats expérimentaux et ceux des modèles FEM fournissent quelques informations sur les réponses mécaniques des murs jusqu'à leur effondrement. On s'est rendu compte que les effets de bord peuvent influencer la capacité de résistance de la maçonnerie alors que des mesures détaillées sur les joints de mortier démontrent que les hypothèses de conservation des sections plates, selon différentes façons de calculer, sont vérifiées raisonnablement jusqu'à la limite de la charge, ouvrant la route à des façons de calculer plus simples mais fiables.
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mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork under eccentric loading part i unreinforced masonry
Materials and Structures, 2005Co-Authors: Antonio Brencich, Luigi GambarottaAbstract:The mechanical response of solid Clay Brickwork in presence of CFRP near-surface reinforcement and under eccentric loads is addressed in this paper. Experimental tests on CFRP reinforced masonry (CFRP-RM) prisms under eccentric loads are compared to similar tests on URM specimens in order to give a preliminary insight in the collapse mechanisms of CFRP-reinforced masonry. While URM is found to exhibit a quasi-brittle response, so raising objections to several analytical procedures for masonry bridge assessment, CFRP reinforcement may be responsible of a significant increase in the Brickwork compressive strength and ductility. Some considerations on the cracking processes inside reinforced masonry prisms are discussed.
S W Garrity - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clay Brickwork and its potential contribution to sustainable infrastructure
2012Co-Authors: S W GarrityAbstract:As we strive to achieve more sustainable forms of construction, factors such as the thermal mass of a material; its local availability; maintenance demands; ease of maintenance; opportunity for re-use; the amounts of embodied energy and embodied carbon, to name a few, all gain greater significance. Many of these aforementioned factors are inter-dependent and are influenced by durability. Experience shows that well-fired Clay Brickwork can be extremely durable. This point is illustrated from a brief review of the performance of two distinctly different structures, both built in the UK, subjected to very severe exposure conditions and a lack of planned maintenance over a prolonged period of time. The first of these is a Saxon church built, in 664, from the remains of an earlier Roman fort. The second is a multi-span railway viaduct built between 1882 and 1884. In both cases the Brickwork has remained in excellent condition and, where repair work has been necessary, it has been much easier to implement than is the case with other more commonly used construction materials. The longevity of Clay brick construction and the scope to re-use bricks both result in a material that has a very low level of embodied energy per unit of time. In spite of these potential benefits, Clay Brickwork now tends to be used in the UK as a non-structural cladding material for buildings. It is rarely used for engineering structures. This is due, primarily, to the long construction periods when compared with steel and reinforced concrete construction. The principal purposes of this paper are to identify the potential of Clay Brickwork to contribute to sustainable design solutions; to encourage those engaged in building and civil engineering structure design to consider Clay Brickwork as a structural material for new build and to summarise the main challenges facing designers.
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computational modelling of Clay Brickwork walls containing openings
8th International Masonry Conference (8IMC), 2010Co-Authors: Yong Sheng, S W GarrityAbstract:The use of the Distinct Element Method to simulate the response of single leaf Clay Brickwork walls with openings to vertical, in-plane, static loading is described. The walls were modelled as an assemblage of stiff yet deformable bricks with mortar joints as zero thickness interfaces. Conventionally, the results of tests on small specimens are used to determine the material or interface parameters. These values usually need to be adjusted to allow for inherent variations in the materials, workmanship effects and differences in the boundary conditions of the small-scale tests compared with those in the larger structure. In this research the material and interface parameters were determined by applying a manual optimisation to the results of a series of laboratory tests carried out on full-scale wall panels. The computational model was then used to predict successfully the behaviour of a longer span wall panel constructed from a similar brick and mortar combination.
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MODERN Brickwork HIGHWAY STRUCTURES
1995Co-Authors: S W GarrityAbstract:Clay Brickwork is set to reemerge as a major structural material with the growing emphasis on designing aesthetically pleasing highway structures with low maintenance costs. This paper addresses the use of Clay Brickwork construction for new highway structures such as earth retaining walls, short-span arch bridges and bridge abutments, piers, parapets, and wingwalls. The performance of existing masonry structures is appraised, the principal design requirements for new Brickwork structures are identified, and recent research and development is summarized. Two recently completed bridges with major elements of structural Clay Brickwork construction are described in brief.
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prestressed Clay Brickwork bridge abutments research design and construction
BRIDGE MANAGEMENT 2: INSPECTION MAINTENANCE ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR. PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BRIDGE MANAGEMENT HELD 1, 1993Co-Authors: S W Garrity, S E BellAbstract:Vertically prestressed Clay Brickwork cellular or "diaphragm" walls may be a viable alternative to brick clad reinforced concrete for highway structures such as bridge piers, abutments and retaining walls. In this paper, the results of tests of laterally loaded prestressed Brickwork diaphragm walls are summarised, the design methods proposed for such walls are reviewed in the light of this research and the recently constructed prestressed Brickwork bridge abutments designed by Cambridgeshire County Council are described. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 858602.
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THE TEST PERFORMANCE OF A FULL-SCALE PRESTRESSED Brickwork BRIDGE ABUTMENT . DEVELOPMENTS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING. PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORTH RAIL BRIDGE CENTENARY CONFERENCE, HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY, ENDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, AUGUST 21-23, 1990. VOLUMES
1990Co-Authors: S W Garrity, T G GarwoodAbstract:A prestressed Clay Brickwork diaphragm wall, representing part of a 6.6m high bridge abutment, was built in the laboratory. The wall was test loaded by a system of hydraulic rams fixed to a similarly constructed reaction wall. The rams were arranged to simulate both the longitudinal load applied to the abutment at carriageway level and the earth pressure forces acting on the back face. In the test, no cracking was observed in the Brickwork until the applied loading was well in excess of that corresponding to the design service condition. At the final stage of the test there was no indication of impending shear or bending failure. The bending moment and shear force resisted by the abutment at this stage were greater than those produced by the design ultimate loads as defined in BS 5400. (See IRRD 819658, 235663, 282725, 264406, 235665, 249424, 267691, 268353 and 245610. (Author/TRRL)
J J Brooks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enlarged Moisture Expansion due to Cryptoflorescence
Concrete and Masonry Movements, 2020Co-Authors: J J BrooksAbstract:Sometimes instances of an enlarged moisture expansion can occur in Clay Brickwork, namely, an expansion in excess of the irreversible expansion of the Clay brick used to construct the Brickwork. It often occurs in small, unrestrained walls built with some types of Clay unit of low strength, high water absorption, and high initial suction rate. Enlarged expansion may be regarded as a transitional zone effect at the mortar/brick interface—the product of which is crystallization or, more specifically, cryptoflorescence. The phenomenon is similar in nature to the more commonly known surface crystallisation known as efflorescence. The nature of florescence is reviewed and the potential sources of soluble salts leading to crystallisation and mechanisms involved, which could be responsible for enlarged moisture expansion are discussed. The effect of in-plane restraint and the implications of cryptoflorescence occurring in a load-free control specimen when assessing creep in the laboratory are highlighted.
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Creep of Clay masonry exhibiting cryptoflorescence
Materials and Structures, 2007Co-Authors: John P. Forth, J J BrooksAbstract:To determine creep of Clay masonry in the laboratory, total time-dependent strain readings are recorded from a wall subjected to a constant load and from a corresponding control wall not subjected to load. Creep is then calculated by subtracting the moisture movement strain of the control wall plus the elastic strain from the loaded wall, from the total strain recorded on the loaded wall. It is assumed that the moisture movement behaviour is the same in both the loaded and the control walls. The paper questions that assumption for certain types of Clay Brickwork. Small control walls built from low strength bricks having high water absorption can undergo an enlarged moisture expansion. The enlarged expansion is greater than the irreversible moisture expansion of the unbonded Clay brick and is thought to be the result of crystallization of salts at the brick-mortar interface, a process known as cryptoflorescence. In a loaded wall, cryptoflorescence is suppressed or restrained so that the effect of an enlarged expansion of the control wall is to overestimate creep and considerably so in some cases. The paper demonstrates the problem by examining the effect of enlarged expansions when ascertaining creep of masonry built from different types of Clay bricks. Experimental and design recommendations are made for more reliable methods of determining creep.
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Creep of Clay masonry exhibiting cryptoflorescence
Materials and Structures, 2007Co-Authors: John P. Forth, J J BrooksAbstract:Pour déterminer le fluage de maçonnerie dans le laboratoire, les relevés de déformations dues à la traction dépendant du temps sont enregistrés pour un mur soumis à une charge constante et un mur témoin sans charge. Le fluage est ainsi calculé en soustrayant la déformation due à l’humidité du mur témoin d’une part et la déformation élastique du mur chargé d’autre part, de la déformation totale enregistrée pour le mur chargé. On suppose que le comportement du mouvement dû à l’humidité dans le mur chargé et le mur témoin sont identiques. L’article suivant met en question cette hypothèse dans le cas de certains types de briquetage argileux. Des murets témoins construits avec des briques de faible résistance ayant une forte absorption d’eau peuvent subir une expansion accrue dans la direction verticale due à l’humidité. Cette expansion accrue est plus importante que l’expansion due à l’humidité irréversible de la brique argileuse sans liaison, censée être le résultat d’une cristallisation des sels à l’interface brique-mortier, un phénomène connu sous le nom de cryptofluorescence. Dans un mur chargé la cryptofluorescence est supprimée ou réprimée de telle manière que l’effet d’une expansion accrue dans la direction verticale du mur témoin va surestimer le fluage, de façon considérable dans certains cas. Dans cet article, l’auteur décrit ce problème et examine l’effet d’expansion accrue quand on détermine le fluage de maçonnerie fabriqué avec différents types de briques argileuses. Des recommandations expérimentales et de conception sont proposées afin d’utiliser des méthodes de détermination de fluage plus fiables. To determine creep of Clay masonry in the laboratory, total time-dependent strain readings are recorded from a wall subjected to a constant load and from a corresponding control wall not subjected to load. Creep is then calculated by subtracting the moisture movement strain of the control wall plus the elastic strain from the loaded wall, from the total strain recorded on the loaded wall. It is assumed that the moisture movement behaviour is the same in both the loaded and the control walls. The paper questions that assumption for certain types of Clay Brickwork. Small control walls built from low strength bricks having high water absorption can undergo an enlarged moisture expansion. The enlarged expansion is greater than the irreversible moisture expansion of the unbonded Clay brick and is thought to be the result of crystallization of salts at the brick-mortar interface, a process known as cryptoflorescence. In a loaded wall, cryptoflorescence is suppressed or restrained so that the effect of an enlarged expansion of the control wall is to overestimate creep and considerably so in some cases. The paper demonstrates the problem by examining the effect of enlarged expansions when ascertaining creep of masonry built from different types of Clay bricks. Experimental and design recommendations are made for more reliable methods of determining creep.
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vertically restrained Clay Brickwork cladding
Structural Survey, 2001Co-Authors: P R Bingel, J J Brooks, J P ForthAbstract:The use of Clay Brickwork masonry as a cladding on framed building structures is reviewed and the problems with the modern form of construction for Brickwork cladding highlighted. The potential for developing simpler, improved forms of cladding, in which free vertical movement of the Brickwork is restrained, is discussed. Preliminary results are presented of an ongoing programme of research to investigate the performance of Clay Brickwork under conditions of vertical restraint, involving the construction and monitoring of full‐scale Brickwork test panels on a multi‐storey concrete frame.
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Composite modelling of masonry deformation
Materials and Structures, 1990Co-Authors: J J BrooksAbstract:Based on the measured properties of individual bricks, blocks and mortar specimens, composite model expressions are presented for elasticity, creep and moisture movement of masonry in two directions. The model demonstrates the influence of creep in horizontal moisture movement, and allows for anisotropy of brick or block. Simulation of the role of moisture diffusion in masonry is a requirement for statisfactory predictions by the model, this being achieved by testing specimens having the same volume/exposed surface area ratio as the masonry component phases. Experimental verification is shown for Clay Brickwork walls and piers, and for calcium silicate walls.
S E Bell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prestressed Clay Brickwork bridge abutments research design and construction
BRIDGE MANAGEMENT 2: INSPECTION MAINTENANCE ASSESSMENT AND REPAIR. PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BRIDGE MANAGEMENT HELD 1, 1993Co-Authors: S W Garrity, S E BellAbstract:Vertically prestressed Clay Brickwork cellular or "diaphragm" walls may be a viable alternative to brick clad reinforced concrete for highway structures such as bridge piers, abutments and retaining walls. In this paper, the results of tests of laterally loaded prestressed Brickwork diaphragm walls are summarised, the design methods proposed for such walls are reviewed in the light of this research and the recently constructed prestressed Brickwork bridge abutments designed by Cambridgeshire County Council are described. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 858602.