The Experts below are selected from a list of 30924 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Raphael E Arku - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adverse health impacts of cooking with kerosene a multi country analysis within the prospective urban and rural epidemiology study
Environmental Research, 2020Co-Authors: Raphael E Arku, Michael Aue, Mylinh Duong, Lap Ah Tse, Prem Mony, Pmv Lakshmi, Rajamohana K Pillai, Li Wei, Viswanatha MohaAbstract:Abstract Background Kerosene, which was until recently considered a relatively Clean household Fuel, is still widely used in low and middle-income countries for cooking and lighting. However, there is little data on its health effects. We examined cardiorespiratory effects and mortality in households using kerosene as their primary cooking Fuel within the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Methods We analyzed baseline and follow-up data on 31,490 individuals from 154 communities in China, India, South Africa, and Tanzania where there was at least 10% kerosene use for cooking at baseline. Baseline comorbidities and health outcomes during follow-up (median 9.4 years) were compared between households with kerosene versus Clean (gas or electricity) or solid Fuel (biomass and coal) use for cooking. Multi-level marginal regression models adjusted for individual, household, and community level covariates. Results Higher rates of prevalent respiratory symptoms (e.g. 34% [95% CI:15-57%] more dyspnea with usual activity, 44% [95% CI: 21-72%] more chronic cough or sputum) and lower lung function (differences in FEV1: -46.3 ml (95% CI: -80.5; -12.1) and FVC: -54.7 ml (95% CI: -93.6; -15.8)) were observed at baseline for kerosene compared to Clean Fuel users. The odds of hypertension was slightly elevated but no associations were observed for blood pressure. Prospectively, kerosene was associated with elevated risks of all-cause (HR: 1.32 (95% CI: 1.14-1.53)) and cardiovascular (HR: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.00-1.80)) mortality, as well as major fatal and incident non-fatal cardiovascular (HR: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.08-1.66)) and respiratory (HR: 1.55 (95% CI: 0.98-2.43)) diseases, compared to Clean Fuel use. Further, compared to solid Fuel users, those using kerosene had 20 – 47% higher risks for the above outcomes. Conclusions Kerosene use for cooking was associated with higher rates of baseline respiratory morbidity and increased risk of mortality and cardiorespiratory outcomes during follow-up when compared to either Clean or solid Fuels. Replacing kerosene with Cleaner-burning Fuels for cooking is recommended.
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elevated blood pressure and household solid Fuel use in premenopausal women analysis of 12 demographic and health surveys dhs from 10 countries
Environmental Research, 2018Co-Authors: Raphael E Arku, Majid Ezzati, Jill Baumgartner, Gunther Fink, Bin Zhou, Perry Hystad, Michael BrauerAbstract:Abstract Background Approximately three billion people are exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from solid Fuel cookstoves. Studies from single settings have linked HAP with elevated blood pressure (BP), but no evidence exists from multi-country analyses. Objectives Using nationally representative and internationally comparable data, we examined the association between solid Fuel use and BP in 77,605 largely premenopausal women (aged 15–49) from ten resource-poor countries. Methods We obtained data on systolic and diastolic BP, self-reported primary cooking Fuel, health and socio-demographic characteristics from 12 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Benin, Ghana, Kyrgyzstan, Lesotho, Namibia, and Peru. We estimated associations between history of Fuel use [solid Fuel (coal or biomass) versus Clean Fuel (electricity or gas)] with systolic and diastolic BP and hypertension using a meta-analytical approach. Results Overall, the country-level mean systolic and diastolic BP were 117 (range: 111–127) and 74 (71–83) mmHg, respectively. The country-level mean age of the women was 30.8 years (range: 28.4–32.9). The prevalence of solid Fuel use was 46.0% (range: 4.1–95.8). In adjusted, pooled analyses, primary use of solid Fuel was associated with 0.58 mmHg higher systolic BP (95% CI: 0.23, 0.93) as compared to primary use of Clean Fuel. The pooled estimates for diastolic BP and pulse pressure were also positive, but the confidence intervals contained zero. The pooled odds of hypertension was [OR = 1.07 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.16)], an effect that was driven by rural participants for whom solid Fuel use was associated with a 16% greater odds of hypertension [OR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.35)]. Conclusions Cooking with solid Fuels was associated with small increases in BP and odds of hypertension. Use of Cleaner Fuels like gas or electricity may reduce cardiovascular risk in developing countries, particularly among rural residents.
Jian-ling Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study on palm oil hydrogenation for Clean Fuel over Ni–Mo–W/γ-Al2O3–ZSM-5 catalyst
Fuel Processing Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Hongyan Wang, Tiantian Jiao, Chunshan Li, Zengxi Li, Suojiang Zhang, Jian-ling ZhangAbstract:Biodiesel, derived from vegetable oil via hydrotreating, is becoming a promising alternative energy. Novel Ni-Mo-W/gamma-Al2O3-ZSM-5 catalysts were developed and firstly applied in palm oil hydrogenation process. The catalysts were prepared by extrusion method and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, NH3-TPD, and H-2-TPR The influences of acidity on the activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts were systematically studied. The mechanisms of deoxygenation and isomerization were discussed. The catalyst Ni-Mo-W (5 wt.%-5 wt.%-15 wt.%)/gamma-Al2O3-ZSM-5 (85 wt.% 15 wt.%) was confirmed as the optimum one. Finally, the key reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, liquid hourly space velocity and H-2/oil volume ratio were optimized. The hydrogenation reaction path of palm oil was also proposed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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study on palm oil hydrogenation for Clean Fuel over ni mo w γ al2o3 zsm 5 catalyst
Fuel Processing Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Hongyan Wang, Tiantian Jiao, Suojiang Zhang, Jian-ling ZhangAbstract:Biodiesel, derived from vegetable oil via hydrotreating, is becoming a promising alternative energy. Novel Ni-Mo-W/gamma-Al2O3-ZSM-5 catalysts were developed and firstly applied in palm oil hydrogenation process. The catalysts were prepared by extrusion method and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, NH3-TPD, and H-2-TPR The influences of acidity on the activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts were systematically studied. The mechanisms of deoxygenation and isomerization were discussed. The catalyst Ni-Mo-W (5 wt.%-5 wt.%-15 wt.%)/gamma-Al2O3-ZSM-5 (85 wt.% 15 wt.%) was confirmed as the optimum one. Finally, the key reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, liquid hourly space velocity and H-2/oil volume ratio were optimized. The hydrogenation reaction path of palm oil was also proposed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hongyan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydroprocessing of Coal Tar to Prepare Clean Fuel Oil
Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies, 2017Co-Authors: Hongyan WangAbstract:With the rapid development of the world economy, the demand for Clean energy, especially for Clean Fuel oil, is inevitably increasing. As alternative energy sources, the sources, properties, and utilization styles of coal tar are summarized in this part. Hydroprocessing is a broad term that includes hydrorefining, hydrocracking, and hydrotreating. In this part, the different technologies for coal hydroprocessing: fixed bed hydrofining, fixed bed hydrocracking, fluidized bed hydrocracking, and suspended bed hydrocracking technologies of hydroconversion are reviewed and discussed. A possibility of combining the advantages of these technologies together with suitable catalyst with enhanced and controlled hydrogenation activity is also analyzed.
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Study on palm oil hydrogenation for Clean Fuel over Ni–Mo–W/γ-Al2O3–ZSM-5 catalyst
Fuel Processing Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Hongyan Wang, Tiantian Jiao, Chunshan Li, Zengxi Li, Suojiang Zhang, Jian-ling ZhangAbstract:Biodiesel, derived from vegetable oil via hydrotreating, is becoming a promising alternative energy. Novel Ni-Mo-W/gamma-Al2O3-ZSM-5 catalysts were developed and firstly applied in palm oil hydrogenation process. The catalysts were prepared by extrusion method and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, NH3-TPD, and H-2-TPR The influences of acidity on the activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts were systematically studied. The mechanisms of deoxygenation and isomerization were discussed. The catalyst Ni-Mo-W (5 wt.%-5 wt.%-15 wt.%)/gamma-Al2O3-ZSM-5 (85 wt.% 15 wt.%) was confirmed as the optimum one. Finally, the key reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, liquid hourly space velocity and H-2/oil volume ratio were optimized. The hydrogenation reaction path of palm oil was also proposed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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study on palm oil hydrogenation for Clean Fuel over ni mo w γ al2o3 zsm 5 catalyst
Fuel Processing Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Hongyan Wang, Tiantian Jiao, Suojiang Zhang, Jian-ling ZhangAbstract:Biodiesel, derived from vegetable oil via hydrotreating, is becoming a promising alternative energy. Novel Ni-Mo-W/gamma-Al2O3-ZSM-5 catalysts were developed and firstly applied in palm oil hydrogenation process. The catalysts were prepared by extrusion method and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, NH3-TPD, and H-2-TPR The influences of acidity on the activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts were systematically studied. The mechanisms of deoxygenation and isomerization were discussed. The catalyst Ni-Mo-W (5 wt.%-5 wt.%-15 wt.%)/gamma-Al2O3-ZSM-5 (85 wt.% 15 wt.%) was confirmed as the optimum one. Finally, the key reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, liquid hourly space velocity and H-2/oil volume ratio were optimized. The hydrogenation reaction path of palm oil was also proposed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
David P. Chynoweth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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renewable methane from anaerobic digestion of biomass
Renewable Energy, 2001Co-Authors: David P. Chynoweth, John M. Owens, Robe LegrandAbstract:Production of methane via anaerobic digestion of energy crops and organic wastes would benefit society by providing a Clean Fuel from renewable feedstocks. This would replace fossil Fuel-derived energy and reduce environmental impacts including global warming and acid rain. Although biomass energy is more costly than fossil Fuel-derived energy, trends to limit carbon dioxide and other emissions through emission regulations, carbon taxes, and subsidies of biomass energy would make it cost competitive. Methane derived from anaerobic digestion is competitive in efficiencies and costs to other biomass energy forms including heat, synthesis gases, and ethanol.
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Renewable methane from anaerobic digestion of biomass
Renewable Energy, 2000Co-Authors: David P. Chynoweth, John M. Owens, Robert LegrandAbstract:Production of methane via anaerobic digestion of energy crops and organic wastes would benefit society by providing a Clean Fuel from renewable feedstocks. This would replace fossil Fuel-derived energy and reduce environmental impacts including global warming and acid rain. Although biomass energy is more costly than fossil Fuel-derived energy, trends to limit carbon dioxide and other emissions through emission regulations, carbon taxes, and subsidies of biomass energy would make it cost competitive. Methane derived from anaerobic digestion is competitive in efficiencies and costs to other biomass energy forms including heat, synthesis gases, and ethanol. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Elhameh Narimani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulation of hydrodesulfurization unit for natural gas condensate with high sulfur content
Applied Petrochemical Research, 2016Co-Authors: Javad Alaei Kadijani, Elhameh NarimaniAbstract:The natural gas condensates are composed of various components of hydrocarbons and some contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide, thiols (mercaptans), and aromatics. Thus, the natural gas condensates could be considered as a Fuel resource. This study concerned the simulation of an Ultra-Deep Hydrodesulfurization (UDHDS) unit plus a distillation section to treat a combination of gas condensate and disulfide oils (DSO) and produce Clean Fuel cuts. Gas condensate of South Pars field of Iran with high sulfur content was applied to obtain Clean Fuel cuts. In order to reduce the sulfur content of this stream to less than 10 ppmw as sulfur, a UDHDS unit was simulated using Aspen HYSYS software package. The Clean gas condensate leaving the UDHDS unit (with sulfur content
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simulation of hydrodesulfurization unit for natural gas condensate with high sulfur content
Applied Petrochemical Research, 2016Co-Authors: Javad Alaei Kadijani, Elhameh NarimaniAbstract:The natural gas condensates are composed of various components of hydrocarbons and some contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide, thiols (mercaptans), and aromatics. Thus, the natural gas condensates could be considered as a Fuel resource. This study concerned the simulation of an Ultra-Deep Hydrodesulfurization (UDHDS) unit plus a distillation section to treat a combination of gas condensate and disulfide oils (DSO) and produce Clean Fuel cuts. Gas condensate of South Pars field of Iran with high sulfur content was applied to obtain Clean Fuel cuts. In order to reduce the sulfur content of this stream to less than 10 ppmw as sulfur, a UDHDS unit was simulated using Aspen HYSYS software package. The Clean gas condensate leaving the UDHDS unit (with sulfur content <10 ppmw) contains complex mixtures of hydrocarbon components called petroleum cuts which are identified by their boiling points ranges. To obtain the narrow fractions of butane, light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, and gasoil, a fractional distillation system was simulated. The simulation results revealed that the top products of distillation column, namely butane, light naphtha, and heavy naphtha were sulfur free and the sulfur contents of kerosene and gasoil cuts were 12 and 27 ppmw as sulfur, respectively.