The Experts below are selected from a list of 2178 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Massimiliano Materazzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • experimental analysis and preliminary assessment of an integrated thermochemical process for production of low molecular weight biofuels from municipal solid waste msw
    Renewable Energy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Massimiliano Materazzi, Andrew Holt
    Abstract:

    Abstract This work explores the use of advanced thermal technologies for the conversion of refuse derived fuel prepared from MSW into Clean Syngas suitable for catalytic transformation into light hydrocarbon products. In particular, the possibilities for the specific production of C1–C4 hydrocarbons utilising a good quality Syngas produced by two-stage plasma assisted gasification method are investigated. A number of catalytic tests were prepared with modified chemistry to evaluate the preliminary component activities on real waste-derived Syngas. C1–C4 paraffins formed in all cases as a main products, with different product distribution for different conditions examined (up to 95% bioSNG on hydrocarbon product for supported nickel, 40% bioLPG for Cu–Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts mix). CO2 was the main byproduct with outlet concentrations ranging from 10 to 50% in volume. When increasing H2:CO in the Syngas by external addition of hydrogen, CO conversion increases, as well as paraffin selectivity and hydrocarbons yield. Projections on a 65 MW thermal input bioSNG plant show that if 40 MW of electrical output from renewable sources are used to power a PEM stack during high power availability, the production of bioSNG could be increased by more than 33%, with a simultaneous reduction in CO2 emissions of more than 43%.

  • Performance analysis of RDF gasification in a two stage fluidized bed-plasma process
    Waste Management, 2016
    Co-Authors: Massimiliano Materazzi, Paola Lettieri, C Chapman
    Abstract:

    The major technical problems faced by stand-alone fluidized bed gasifiers (FBG) for waste-to gas applications are intrinsically related to the composition and physical properties of waste materials, such as RDF. The high quantity of ash and volatile material in RDF can provide a decrease in thermal output, create high ash clinkering, and increase emission of tars and CO2, thus affecting the operability for Clean Syngas generation at industrial scale. By contrast, a two-stage process which separates primary gasification and selective tar and ash conversion would be inherently more forgiving and stable. This can be achieved with the use of a separate plasma converter, which has been successfully used in conjunction with conventional thermal treatment units, for the ability to 'polish' the producer gas by organic contaminants and collect the inorganic fraction in a molten (and inert) state. This research focused on the performance analysis of a two-stage fluid bed gasification-plasma process to transform solid waste into Clean Syngas. Thermodynamic assessment using the two-stage equilibrium method was carried out to determine optimum conditions for the gasification of RDF and to understand the limitations and influence of the second stage on the process performance (gas heating value, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency), along with other parameters. Comparison with a different thermal refining stage, i.e. thermal cracking (via partial oxidation) was also performed. The analysis is supported by experimental data from a pilot plant.

C Chapman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Performance analysis of RDF gasification in a two stage fluidized bed-plasma process
    Waste Management, 2016
    Co-Authors: Massimiliano Materazzi, Paola Lettieri, C Chapman
    Abstract:

    The major technical problems faced by stand-alone fluidized bed gasifiers (FBG) for waste-to gas applications are intrinsically related to the composition and physical properties of waste materials, such as RDF. The high quantity of ash and volatile material in RDF can provide a decrease in thermal output, create high ash clinkering, and increase emission of tars and CO2, thus affecting the operability for Clean Syngas generation at industrial scale. By contrast, a two-stage process which separates primary gasification and selective tar and ash conversion would be inherently more forgiving and stable. This can be achieved with the use of a separate plasma converter, which has been successfully used in conjunction with conventional thermal treatment units, for the ability to 'polish' the producer gas by organic contaminants and collect the inorganic fraction in a molten (and inert) state. This research focused on the performance analysis of a two-stage fluid bed gasification-plasma process to transform solid waste into Clean Syngas. Thermodynamic assessment using the two-stage equilibrium method was carried out to determine optimum conditions for the gasification of RDF and to understand the limitations and influence of the second stage on the process performance (gas heating value, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency), along with other parameters. Comparison with a different thermal refining stage, i.e. thermal cracking (via partial oxidation) was also performed. The analysis is supported by experimental data from a pilot plant.

Stephan Heidenreich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Tar abatement for Clean Syngas production during biomass gasification in a dual fluidized bed
    Fuel Processing Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Luis Francisco De Diego, Azad Abad, Teresa Mendiara, M. Nacken, Francisco García-labiano, Stephan Heidenreich
    Abstract:

    Syngas obtained from biomass gasification needs to fulfil strong purity requirements before being used as raw material in power energy generation or chemicals manufacturing. The use of hot catalytic filter candles inside the freeboard of fluidized bed gasifiers allows obtaining Clean Syngas without dust and low tar content. The tar removal efficiency of four different catalytic filter designs was evaluated with real biomass tar produced in situ in a dual fluidized bed gasifier (DFBG). The tar conversion reached at the outlet of the fluidized bed gasifier was larger for the candles with catalytically active layer design. If a monolith is also incorporated, the tar conversion increases up to 95% which is one of the highest values obtained up to date. In this case, the tar content at the outlet of the catalytic filter was as low as 0.2 g/Nm3(N2free, d.b.).

Weihong Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • seashell waste derived materials for secondary catalytic tar reduction in municipal solid waste gasification
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yamid Gomezrueda, Ilman Nuran Zaini, Weihong Yang, Lieve Helsen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Catalytic tar removal from producer gas is critical for the economic feasibility of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) gasification in the waste-to-energy(WtE) approach. Nickel- and noble-metal catalysts have the highest tar cracking activities, but they increase costs, use scarce materials, and generate dangerous byproducts. To overcome these drawbacks, naturally occurring materials should be used for tar cracking. In this paper, two nanomaterials, synthesized from oyster and mussel waste shells respectively, are used to Clean Syngas from MSW in a secondary tar cracking unit. We observed that they reform class 1 tar (heavy tars that condense at high temperatures at very low concentrations) into class 3 tar (light hydrocarbons that are not important in condensation) and benzene. Although both catalysts’ composition and textural properties were identical, crystallite size and especially specific surface area variation was enough to generate a change in product selectivity. A larger crystallite size and SSA shows a soot yield reduction of 95% with respect to the non-catalytic case, simultaneously increasing the H 2 /CO at 1000 °C.

  • a thermodynamic analysis of solid waste gasification in the plasma gasification melting process
    Applied Energy, 2013
    Co-Authors: Qinglin Zhang, Weihong Yang, Liran Dor, Wlodzimierz Blasiak
    Abstract:

    Plasma Gasification Melting is a promising technology for solid waste treatment. In this work, a thermodynamic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the advantages and limitations of the PGM technology. According to the characteristics of the PGM, the whole process was divided into four sections such as drying, pyrolysis, char gasification and inorganics melting. The energy and exergy in each section has been calculated. According to different usage of Syngas, two kinds of energy and exergy efficiencies are defined. The results show that the PGM process produces a tar-rich Syngas. When considering the raw Syngas (Syngas with tar), the energy and exergy efficiency of PGM process is very high. The effects of operating conditions on the thermodynamic performance of the PGM process have been analyzed. Considering the energy and exergy of Clean Syngas, it is beneficial to increase sensible heat input to the PGM system. However, high sensible heat input or high steam injection is not suggested when considering the energy and exergy efficiency of raw Syngas.

Lieve Helsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • seashell waste derived materials for secondary catalytic tar reduction in municipal solid waste gasification
    Biomass & Bioenergy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Yamid Gomezrueda, Ilman Nuran Zaini, Weihong Yang, Lieve Helsen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Catalytic tar removal from producer gas is critical for the economic feasibility of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) gasification in the waste-to-energy(WtE) approach. Nickel- and noble-metal catalysts have the highest tar cracking activities, but they increase costs, use scarce materials, and generate dangerous byproducts. To overcome these drawbacks, naturally occurring materials should be used for tar cracking. In this paper, two nanomaterials, synthesized from oyster and mussel waste shells respectively, are used to Clean Syngas from MSW in a secondary tar cracking unit. We observed that they reform class 1 tar (heavy tars that condense at high temperatures at very low concentrations) into class 3 tar (light hydrocarbons that are not important in condensation) and benzene. Although both catalysts’ composition and textural properties were identical, crystallite size and especially specific surface area variation was enough to generate a change in product selectivity. A larger crystallite size and SSA shows a soot yield reduction of 95% with respect to the non-catalytic case, simultaneously increasing the H 2 /CO at 1000 °C.