The Experts below are selected from a list of 109836 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jeroen Wouters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mathematical and physical ideas for Climate Science
    Reviews of Geophysics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Valerio Lucarini, Richard Blender, Corentin Herbert, Francesco Ragone, Salvatore Pascale, Jeroen Wouters
    Abstract:

    The Climate is a forced and dissipative nonlinear system featuring nontrivial dynamics on a vast range of spatial and temporal scales. The understanding of the Climate's structural and multiscale properties is crucial for the provision of a unifying picture of its dynamics and for the implementation of accurate and efficient numerical models. We present some recent developments at the intersection between Climate Science, mathematics, and physics, which may prove fruitful in the direction of constructing a more comprehensive account of Climate dynamics. We describe the Nambu formulation of fluid dynamics and the potential of such a theory for constructing sophisticated numerical models of geophysical fluids. Then, we focus on the statistical mechanics of quasi-equilibrium flows in a rotating environment, which seems crucial for constructing a robust theory of geophysical turbulence. We then discuss ideas and methods suited for approaching directly the nonequilibrium nature of the Climate system. First, we describe some recent findings on the thermodynamics of Climate, characterize its energy and entropy budgets, and discuss related methods for intercomparing Climate models and for studying tipping points. These ideas can also create a common ground between geophysics and astrophysics by suggesting general tools for studying exoplanetary atmospheres. We conclude by focusing on nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, which allows for a unified framing of problems as different as the Climate response to forcings, the effect of altering the boundary conditions or the coupling between geophysical flows, and the derivation of parametrizations for numerical models.

Amy Butros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Valerio Lucarini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mathematical and physical ideas for Climate Science
    Reviews of Geophysics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Valerio Lucarini, Richard Blender, Corentin Herbert, Francesco Ragone, Salvatore Pascale, Jeroen Wouters
    Abstract:

    The Climate is a forced and dissipative nonlinear system featuring nontrivial dynamics on a vast range of spatial and temporal scales. The understanding of the Climate's structural and multiscale properties is crucial for the provision of a unifying picture of its dynamics and for the implementation of accurate and efficient numerical models. We present some recent developments at the intersection between Climate Science, mathematics, and physics, which may prove fruitful in the direction of constructing a more comprehensive account of Climate dynamics. We describe the Nambu formulation of fluid dynamics and the potential of such a theory for constructing sophisticated numerical models of geophysical fluids. Then, we focus on the statistical mechanics of quasi-equilibrium flows in a rotating environment, which seems crucial for constructing a robust theory of geophysical turbulence. We then discuss ideas and methods suited for approaching directly the nonequilibrium nature of the Climate system. First, we describe some recent findings on the thermodynamics of Climate, characterize its energy and entropy budgets, and discuss related methods for intercomparing Climate models and for studying tipping points. These ideas can also create a common ground between geophysics and astrophysics by suggesting general tools for studying exoplanetary atmospheres. We conclude by focusing on nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, which allows for a unified framing of problems as different as the Climate response to forcings, the effect of altering the boundary conditions or the coupling between geophysical flows, and the derivation of parametrizations for numerical models.

  • Modeling complexity: the case of Climate Science
    arXiv: History and Philosophy of Physics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Valerio Lucarini
    Abstract:

    We briefly review some of the scientific challenges and epistemological issues related to Climate Science. We discuss the formulation and testing of theories and numerical models, which, given the presence of unavoidable uncertainties in observational data, the non-repeatability of world-experiments, and the fact that relevant processes occur in a large variety of spatial and temporal scales, require a rather different approach than in other scientific contexts. A brief discussion of the intrinsic limitations of geo-engineering solutions to global warming is presented, and a framework of investigation based upon non-equilibrium thermodynamics is proposed. We also critically discuss recently proposed perspectives of development of Climate Science based purely upon massive use of supercomputer and centralized planning of scientific priorities.

  • Towards a definition of Climate Science
    International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 2002
    Co-Authors: Valerio Lucarini
    Abstract:

    The intrinsic difficulties in building realistic Climate models and in providing complete, reliable and meaningful observational datasets, and the conceptual impossibility of testing theories against data imply that the usual Galilean scientific validation criteria do not apply to Climate Science. The different epistemology pertaining to Climate Science implies that its answers cannot be singular and deterministic; they must be plural and stated in probabilistic terms. Therefore, in order to extract meaningful estimates of future Climate change from a model, it is necessary to explore the model's uncertainties. In terms of societal impacts of scientific knowledge, it is necessary to accept that any political choice in a matter involving complex systems is made under unavoidable conditions of uncertainty. Nevertheless, detailed probabilistic results in Science can provide a baseline for a sensible process of decision making.

Milton Halem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ISWC (Best Workshop Papers) - Ontology-Grounded Topic Modeling for Climate Science Research
    2018
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Sleeman, Tim Finin, Milton Halem
    Abstract:

    In scientific disciplines where research findings have a strong impact on society, reducing the amount of time it takes to understand, synthesize and exploit the research is invaluable. Topic modeling is an effective technique for summarizing a collection of documents to find the main themes among them and to classify other documents that have a similar mixture of co-occurring words. We show how grounding a topic model with an ontology, extracted from a glossary of important domain phrases, improves the topics generated and makes them easier to understand. We apply and evaluate this method to the Climate Science domain. The result improves the topics generated and supports faster research understanding, discovery of social networks among researchers, and automatic ontology generation.

  • Ontology-Grounded Topic Modeling for Climate Science Research
    arXiv: Computation and Language, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Sleeman, Tim Finin, Milton Halem
    Abstract:

    In scientific disciplines where research findings have a strong impact on society, reducing the amount of time it takes to understand, synthesize and exploit the research is invaluable. Topic modeling is an effective technique for summarizing a collection of documents to find the main themes among them and to classify other documents that have a similar mixture of co-occurring words. We show how grounding a topic model with an ontology, extracted from a glossary of important domain phrases, improves the topics generated and makes them easier to understand. We apply and evaluate this method to the Climate Science domain. The result improves the topics generated and supports faster research understanding, discovery of social networks among researchers, and automatic ontology generation.

Sven Ove Hansson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Social constructionism and Climate Science denial
    European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sven Ove Hansson
    Abstract:

    It has been much debated whether epistemic relativism in academia, for instance in the form of social constructivism, the strong programme, deconstructionism, and postmodernism, has paved the way for the recent upsurge in Science denial, in particular Climate Science denial. In order to provide an empirical basis for this discussion, an extensive search of the social Science literature was performed. It showed that in the 1990s, Climate Science was a popular target among academic epistemic relativists. In particular, many STS scholars used it as an allegedly clear example of claims by natural scientists that should be treated as mere social constructions, rather than as reports on the actual state of the natural world. A few connections between social constructivists and corporate Science denialism were also uncovered, but the extent of such connections could not be determined. With few exceptions, the stream of criticism of Climate Science from academic relativists has dwindled since the 1990s. One reason for this seems to be that the contrarian position lost its attraction when it became associated with corporate and right-wing propagandists.