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Rimas V Lukas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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education research case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Dara V F Albert, James R Brorson, Christina Amidei, Rimas V LukasAbstract:Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient Clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and Clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, Clinical Formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the Clinical Formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and Clinical skill. In measurement of Clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved Clinical Formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.
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education research case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Dara V F Albert, James R Brorson, Christina Amidei, Rimas V LukasAbstract:Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient Clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and Clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, Clinical Formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the Clinical Formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and Clinical skill. In measurement of Clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved Clinical Formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.
Sishen Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formulation of docetaxel by folic acid conjugated d α tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate 2000 vitamin e tpgs2k micelles for targeted and synergistic chemotherapy
Biomaterials, 2011Co-Authors: Yutao Liu, Sishen FengAbstract:Abstract Although high efficacy has been showed, Paclitaxel and Docetaxel cause serious side effects due to the adjuvant used in their Clinical Formulation Taxol® and Taxotere®. We developed a micelle system with a newly synthesized TPGS2k polymer, which shows lower CMC of 0.0219 mg/ml compared with 0.2 mg/ml for traditional micelles with TPGS involved, to achieve sustained and controlled drug delivery with Docetaxel used as a model anti-cancer drug. The TPGS2k micelles were further conjugated to folic acid (FA) for targeted drug delivery. The Docetaxel-loaded TPGS2k micelles with and without FA conjugation were found of desired size and size distribution, high drug encapsulation efficiency and favorable drug release. In vitro studies using MCF-7 cancer cells demonstrated significantly the higher cellular uptake of the formulated drug for TPGS2k micelle Formulation than that for Taxotere®. The targeting effects for the FA conjugated TPGS2k micelles are also demonstrated. The IC50 value, which is the drug concentration needed for 50% cell viability in the designated time period, is 103.4, 1.280 and 0.1480 μg/ml for MCF-7 cancer cells after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment respectively, which is greatly decreased to be 0.526, 0.251 and 0.233 μg/ml, i.e. a 99.5%, 80.4% decrease and 57.5% increase for the TPGS2k micelle Formulation, and further decreased to be 0.1780, 0.1520 and 0.1140 μg/ml, i.e. a 99.8%, 88.1% and 23.0% decrease for the folic acid conjugated micelles, respectively. A synergistic effect between TPGS2k and Docetaxel is also achieved. The present work represents a new concept in the design of drug delivery systems – the carrier materials of the drug delivery system can also have therapeutic effects, which either modulate the side effects of, or promote a synergistic interaction with the formulated drug.
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nanoparticles of poly lactide tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate pla tpgs copolymers for protein drug delivery
Biomaterials, 2007Co-Authors: Sie Huey Lee, Zhiping Zhang, Sishen FengAbstract:Nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(lactide)-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (PLA-TPGS) copolymers with various PLA:TPGS component ratios were prepared by the double emulsion technique for protein drug Formulation with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. Influence of the PLA:TPGS component ratio and the BSA loading level on the drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro drug release behavior was investigated. The PLA-TPGS NPs achieved 16.7% protein drug loading and 75.6% EE, which exhibited a biphasic pattern of controlled protein release with higher initial burst for those NPs of more TPGS content. Furthermore, the released proteins retained good structural integrity for at least 35 days at 37 degrees C as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Compared with other biodegradable polymeric NPs such as poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) NPs, PLA-TPGS NPs could provide the encapsulated proteins a milder environment. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observation demonstrated the intracellular uptake of the PLA-TPGS NPs by NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells and Caco-2 cancer cells. This research suggests that PLA-TPGS NPs could be of great potential for Clinical Formulation of proteins and peptides.
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in vitro and in vivo studies on vitamin e tpgs emulsified poly d l lactic co glycolic acid nanoparticles for paclitaxel Formulation
Biomaterials, 2006Co-Authors: Khin Yin Win, Sishen FengAbstract:This work shows a full spectrum of research on Vitamin E TPGS-emulsified Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for paclitaxel Formulation to improve its therapeutic index and to reduce the adverse effects of adjuvant Cremophor EL in its current Clinical Formulation of Taxol. Paclitaxel-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared by a modified solvent extraction/evaporation technique with vitamin E TPGS as emulsifier. The formulated NPs were found in quite uniform size of approximately 240 nm diameter. The in vitro drug release profile exhibited a biphasic pattern with an initial burst followed by a sustained release. In vitro HT-29 cell viability experiment demonstrated that the drug formulated in the NPs was 5.64, 5.36, 2.68, and 1.45 times more effective than that formulated in the Taxol Formulation after 24, 48, 72, 96 h treatment, respectively at 0.25 microg/mL drug concentration, which should be even better with the sustainable release feature of the NPs Formulation considered. In vivo PK measurement confirmed the advantages of the NP Formulation versus Taxol. The area-under-the-curve (AUC) for 48 h for Vitamin E TPGS emulsified PLGA NP Formulation of paclitaxel were found 3.0 times larger than that for the Taxol Formulation. The sustainable therapeutic time, at which the drug concentration drops below the minimum effective value, for the NP Formulation could be 1.67 times longer than that for the Taxol Formulation.
Dara V F Albert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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education research case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Dara V F Albert, James R Brorson, Christina Amidei, Rimas V LukasAbstract:Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient Clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and Clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, Clinical Formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the Clinical Formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and Clinical skill. In measurement of Clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved Clinical Formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.
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education research case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Dara V F Albert, James R Brorson, Christina Amidei, Rimas V LukasAbstract:Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient Clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and Clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, Clinical Formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the Clinical Formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and Clinical skill. In measurement of Clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved Clinical Formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.
Christina Amidei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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education research case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Dara V F Albert, James R Brorson, Christina Amidei, Rimas V LukasAbstract:Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient Clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and Clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, Clinical Formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the Clinical Formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and Clinical skill. In measurement of Clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved Clinical Formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.
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education research case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Dara V F Albert, James R Brorson, Christina Amidei, Rimas V LukasAbstract:Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient Clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and Clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, Clinical Formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the Clinical Formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and Clinical skill. In measurement of Clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved Clinical Formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.
James R Brorson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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education research case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Dara V F Albert, James R Brorson, Christina Amidei, Rimas V LukasAbstract:Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient Clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and Clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, Clinical Formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the Clinical Formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and Clinical skill. In measurement of Clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved Clinical Formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.
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education research case logs in the assessment of medical students in the neurology outpatient clinic
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Dara V F Albert, James R Brorson, Christina Amidei, Rimas V LukasAbstract:Objective: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of outpatient Clinical encounter volume per student on outcomes of knowledge assessed by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination and Clinical skills assessed by the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: Data from 394 medical students from July 2008 to June 2012, representing 9,791 patient encounters, were analyzed retrospectively. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between numbers of cases logged per student and performance on the NBME examination. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on the OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical examination, Clinical Formulation), were evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between the total number of cases logged per student and NBME examination scores (r = 0.142; p = 0.005) and OSCE scores (r = 0.136; p = 0.007). Total number of cases correlated with the Clinical Formulation component of the OSCE (r = 0.172; p = 0.001) but not the performance on history or physical examination components. Conclusion: The volume of cases logged by individual students in the outpatient clinic correlates with performance on measures of knowledge and Clinical skill. In measurement of Clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved Clinical Formulation on the OSCE. These findings may affect methods employed in assessment of medical students, residents, and fellows.