The Experts below are selected from a list of 50070 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rajaraman Durai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Management of Clostridium difficile Infection
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2007Co-Authors: Rajaraman DuraiAbstract:Clostridium difficile infection is an important health problem worldwide and leads to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly population. Antibiotics, especially those with a broad spectrum, often trigger the infection; hence the use of unnecessary antibiotics should be avoided. Mild to moderate cases respond to metronidazole or vancomycin. Severe cases may require bowel resection. Chronic relapsing cases require a prolonged course of antibiotics, immunoglobulin, probiotics, and, occasionally, feces enema. This review provides a comprehensive update on pathogenesis and management of Clostridium difficile infection for health professionals all over the world.
Ciaran P Kelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Update on Clostridium difficile associated disease.
Current opinion in gastroenterology, 2007Co-Authors: Jeffrey Cloud, Ciaran P KellyAbstract:The aim of this article is to report recent changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile associated disease. An epidemic of Clostridium difficile associated disease in Quebec was associated with a threefold increase in incidence and a sharp increase in fatalities. Strain typing of C. difficile isolates from the involved hospitals revealed that 82% were of a single strain (NAP1/027). This strain was found to produce greater than 10 times as much toxin A and toxin B as historic isolates and has been identified in many institutions throughout North America and Europe. Frequent nosocomial use of fluoroquinolones may encourage the spread of this strain as it is fluoroquinolone resistant. An increased rate of community-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated disease has also been noted and, in some cases, without prior antibiotic exposure. Although some studies have suggested an increased failure rate of metronidazole in Clostridium difficile associated disease, it remains the recommended first line treatment for uncomplicated cases. Other antibiotics, a toxin binder, probiotic agents and a vaccine are being tested in clinical trials for efficacy in prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile associated disease. The recent increase in the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile associated disease may be related, at least in part, to the emergence of a highly virulent, fluoroquinolone-resistant, NAP1/027 strain.
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Update on Clostridium difficile associated disease.
Current Opinion in Internal Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: Jeffrey Cloud, Ciaran P KellyAbstract:Purpose of review The aim of this article is to report recent changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile associated disease. Recent findings An epidemic of Clostridium difficile associated disease in Ouebec was associated with a threefold increase in incidence and a sharp increase in fatalities. Strain typing of C. difficile isolates from the involved hospitals revealed that 82% were of a single strain (NAP 1027). This strain was found to produce greater than 10 times as much toxin A and toxin B as historic isolates and has been identified in many institutions throughout North America and Europe. Frequent nosocomial use of fluoroquinolones may encourage the spread of this strain as it is fluoroquinolone resistant. An increased rate of oommunity-acqu Clostridium difficile-associated disease has also been noted and, in some cases, without prior antibiotic exposure. Although some studies have suggested an inoreased failure rate of metronidazole in Olostriditim difficile associated disease, it remains the recommended first line treatment for uncomplicated cases. Other antibiotiot a toxin binder, probiotio agents and a vaccine are being tested in clinical trials for efficacy in prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile associated disease. The recent increase in the incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile assooiated disease may be related, at least in part, to the emergence of a highly virulent, fluoroquinolone-resistant, NAP /027 strain. antibiotic, bacterial strain, colitis, diarrhea, quinolone.
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Clostridium difficile colitis
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Ciaran P Kelly, Charalabos Pothoulakis, J T LamontAbstract:Clostridium difficile, the agent that causes pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy, has been identified in recent years as a common nosocomial pathogen. First described in 1935 by Hall and O'Toole, this gram-positive anaerobic bacillus was named “the difficult Clostridium” because it resisted early attempts at isolation and grew very slowly in culture1. Although the organism released potent toxins in broth culture, the fact that it was found in stool specimens from healthy neonates led to its classification as a commensal. C. difficile subsequently passed into obscurity. In the 1960s and 1970s antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis became a major clinical . . .
J T Lamont - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clostridium difficile colitis
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1994Co-Authors: Ciaran P Kelly, Charalabos Pothoulakis, J T LamontAbstract:Clostridium difficile, the agent that causes pseudomembranous colitis associated with antibiotic therapy, has been identified in recent years as a common nosocomial pathogen. First described in 1935 by Hall and O'Toole, this gram-positive anaerobic bacillus was named “the difficult Clostridium” because it resisted early attempts at isolation and grew very slowly in culture1. Although the organism released potent toxins in broth culture, the fact that it was found in stool specimens from healthy neonates led to its classification as a commensal. C. difficile subsequently passed into obscurity. In the 1960s and 1970s antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis became a major clinical . . .
Linda Nazarko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Understanding and managing Clostridium difficile
Nursing and Residential Care, 2009Co-Authors: Linda NazarkoAbstract:Older people are especially susceptable to Clostridium difficile. Linda Nazarko discusses its prevalence, how to diagnose and treat it, and the importance of preventing cross infection
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Infection control: Clostridium difficile
British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 2007Co-Authors: Linda NazarkoAbstract:Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria that produces toxins when infection occurs. Infection can cause diarrhoea or life-threatening colitis (Barbut et al, 2007). There has been an 85% reduction in hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infections over the past eight years (Public Health England, 2014). Clostridium difficile infection is unpleasant and distressing and exposes the person infected to a range of possible ill effects. High-quality treatment, monitoring and care reduce these risks, improve the person's quality of life, reduce infection risk and enable the person to recover physically and psychologically.
Stephanie M. Rabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection with fecal transplantation.
Gastroenterology Nursing, 2014Co-Authors: Stephanie M. RabeAbstract:Clostridium difficile infection is an increasingly common clinical challenge in hospitals and healthcare facilities. The infection often results in severe complications for the infected individual including relentless diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration, and mortality. Currently, there is a significant gap between research and practice in the management of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and treatment guidelines are limited. Numerous attempts at treating this infection have been made including the practice of fecal transplantation. A comprehensive literature search was conducted and 6 studies were reviewed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fecal transplantation as a modality in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection refractory to other treatment methodologies. The implementation of fecal transplantation is suggested to restore normal bowel flora in individuals with Clostridium difficile and rid patients of the infection. Additional studies have since revealed perceived barriers toward the implementation of this treatment modality, although it has shown promising results with success rates of 83%-100%. Further efficacy testing validation is needed in larger, prospective controlled trials to guide healthcare providers in the direction of a reliable, standardized treatment protocol for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection.