The Experts below are selected from a list of 33 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
H Anttonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Occupational needs and evaluation methods for cold protective Clothing.
Arctic medical research, 1993Co-Authors: H AnttonenAbstract:The aim of the study was to evaluate the needs for and properties of the occupational cold protective Clothing with different methods and the risks related to work in cold conditions from the point of view of occupational hygiene and Clothing Physiology. The thermal insulation of textile materials and Clothing was investigated with the equipment, methods and parameters developed especially in cold and windy conditions in dynamic and steady states. Also the simulation and calculation of results were done and compared to the measurements. The cold exposure from the point of occupational hygiene was evaluated in working life to evaluate the risk of cooling and frostbite and utility ranges of Clothing. The function of the sweating hot plate constructed and cylinder in the wind tunnel could be regarded adequate for the evaluation of winter Clothing with good precision, stability and repeatability. The measured total thermal resistance was mainly dependent on, and operative thermal resistance independent of, temperature. The operative thermal resistance was also very sensitive to errors in measurement procedures. The heat flow usually evaluated by thermal and water vapour resistance could be substituted for total thermal resistance. Both the measurements and theories showed that, in addition to air permeability, also the ambient temperature, air gaps, contact layers and thickness of Clothing were important parameters. Increase of wind (1...8 m/s) decreased the total thermal resistance and mass transfer up to 60% depending on conditions. The comparison of calculation models with material measurements proved the value of the simulation models. The reason for differences between the methods was mainly due to changes in water vapour resistance in the cold. The heat flux method was exact enough in the evaluation of the insulation of Clothing in the field but in sweating conditions the condensation and evaporation must be taken into consideration. In the case of heat debt in the cold the heat flux method gave smaller values than the thermometric method. The material measurements diverged logically from the Clothing measurements but material methods had a better capability to analyze the differences of material ensembles. In the evaluation of body cooling and performance degradation in outdoor work the physiological recommendations given were temporarily exceeded in 70% of the cases measured (N = 143). The cold problems already occurred in temperatures from 0 to 10 degrees C. The reasons for the cold problems were related to the type of work e.g. wind to the face and long exposure to the feet caused frostbite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Occupational needs and evaluation methods for cold protective Clothing.
Arctic medical research, 1993Co-Authors: H AnttonenAbstract:The aim of the study was to evaluate the needs for and properties of the occupational cold protective Clothing with different methods and the risks related to work in cold conditions from the point of view of occupational hygiene and Clothing Physiology. The thermal insulation of textile materials and Clothing was investigated with the equipment, methods and parameters developed especially in cold and windy conditions in dynamic and steady states. Also the simulation and calculation of results were done and compared to the measurements. The cold exposure from the point of occupational hygiene was evaluated in working life to evaluate the risk of cooling and frostbite and utility ranges of Clothing. The function of the sweating hot plate constructed and cylinder in the wind tunnel could be regarded adequate for the evaluation of winter Clothing with good precision, stability and repeatability. The measured total thermal resistance was mainly dependent on, and operative thermal resistance independent of, temperature. The operative thermal resistance was also very sensitive to errors in measurement procedures. The heat flow usually evaluated by thermal and water vapour resistance could be substituted for total thermal resistance. Both the measurements and theories showed that, in addition to air permeability, also the ambient temperature, air gaps, contact layers and thickness of Clothing were important parameters. Increase of wind (1...8 m/s) decreased the total thermal resistance and mass transfer up to 60% depending on conditions. The comparison of calculation models with material measurements proved the value of the simulation models. The reason for differences between the methods was mainly due to changes in water vapour resistance in the cold. The heat flux method was exact enough in the evaluation of the insulation of Clothing in the field but in sweating conditions the condensation and evaporation must be taken into consideration. In the case of heat debt in the cold the heat flux method gave smaller values than the thermometric method. The material measurements diverged logically from the Clothing measurements but material methods had a better capability to analyze the differences of material ensembles. In the evaluation of body cooling and performance degradation in outdoor work the physiological recommendations given were temporarily exceeded in 70% of the cases measured (N = 143). The cold problems already occurred in temperatures from 0 to 10 degrees C. The reasons for the cold problems were related to the type of work e.g. wind to the face and long exposure to the feet caused frostbite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED) Language: en
Koleszár András - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Garments under brace life quality improve affect experiment of technology and Physiology
Biomechanica Hungarica, 2013Co-Authors: Nagyné Szabó Orsolya, Koleszár AndrásAbstract:Scoliosis is a spinal deformity that most commonly appears in girls and makes itself apparent at puberty during the early teenage years. Living with scoliosis can be especially difficult for children, particularly when a brace is required to stop its progression. The context of Clothing Physiology help a Clothing system of air, vapor permeable insulation and opportunities. These same characteristics are changed when brace wearing, but also help the right materials and design concepts for the development. In view of the currently available properties of fabrics during the test and we see Clothing Physiology using different raw materials and functional textiles, as well as the solution for improving the body's microclimate.In our research achieve an optimal physiological state of body with a corver on the brace,that improves the body's microclimate, reduce the unpleasant effects of thebrace at high temperatures, but the basic function of the medical device support. DOI: 10.17489/biohun/2013/1/08
Nagyné Szabó Orsolya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Garments under brace life quality improve affect experiment of technology and Physiology
Biomechanica Hungarica, 2013Co-Authors: Nagyné Szabó Orsolya, Koleszár AndrásAbstract:Scoliosis is a spinal deformity that most commonly appears in girls and makes itself apparent at puberty during the early teenage years. Living with scoliosis can be especially difficult for children, particularly when a brace is required to stop its progression. The context of Clothing Physiology help a Clothing system of air, vapor permeable insulation and opportunities. These same characteristics are changed when brace wearing, but also help the right materials and design concepts for the development. In view of the currently available properties of fabrics during the test and we see Clothing Physiology using different raw materials and functional textiles, as well as the solution for improving the body's microclimate.In our research achieve an optimal physiological state of body with a corver on the brace,that improves the body's microclimate, reduce the unpleasant effects of thebrace at high temperatures, but the basic function of the medical device support. DOI: 10.17489/biohun/2013/1/08
Anna-mari Almila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Dressed Body, Material and Technology: Rethinking the Hijab through Sartorial Sociology
International Journal of Fashion Studies, 2018Co-Authors: Anna-mari AlmilaAbstract:This article explores the opportunities provided for dress and fashion studies by an analytical focus on garments through a number of disciplinary and conceptual lenses. Drawing upon sociological sources, including Bourdieu’s practice theory and Alfred Gell’s insights of human/object agency, as well as anthropology, considerations of material technologies, and Clothing Physiology, a framework is developed for depicting the many roles that textile materials and garment objects play in knowledge-creation, individual experiences of wearing garments, and the operation of habitus. In my case-study analysis of female Islamic veiling in Finland, I draw upon both primary data and secondary sources that take account of histories – involving individual histories, socio-cultural histories, histories of technological and material developments, and histories of transnational trade-routes – and materialities, including the physicality of garments, human bodies and physical and spatial environments.
Ian Gilligan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clothing and modern human behaviour: prehistoric Tasmania as a case study
Archaeology in Oceania, 2007Co-Authors: Ian GilliganAbstract:Abstract A general model is outlined showing how the prehistoric development of Clothing for thermal reasons may be relevant to the emergence of modern human behaviour. A distinction is drawn between simple and complex Clothing, with the latter leading to repercussions that can ultimately became decoupled from thermal contingencies. Archaeological correlates of complex Clothing can be linked to attributes of modern human behaviour, some but not all of which made a transient appearance in late Pleistocene Tasmania. Cave sites in the southwest of the island have yielded bone tools and distinctive stone scraper tools, along with evidence for the targeting of prey species and parietal artworks in some caves. Thermal conditions in late Pleistocene Tasmania approached the known limits of human cold tolerance, necessitating the use of Clothing. The archaeological record is reviewed in relation to likely technological and other correlates of the manufacture of Clothing. It is argued that thermal parameters were a significant aspect of the human response to climate change in Tasmania. These developments invite comparison with those witnessed outside the region during the Upper and late Middle Pleistocene, particularly in northern middle latitudes and also in Africa, where they are interpreted as indicating the emergence of modern human behaviour. Keywords: Clothing, Tasmania, human cold tolerance ********** This paper explores links between the development of Clothing and behavioural modernity and, as a case study, examines archaeological evidence for human responses to changing thermal conditions during and after the last ice age in Tasmania. It begins with a brief outline of the main issues in thermal Physiology and their relevance to prehistoric humans. The focus is on the limits of cold tolerance, and how Clothing functions to provide thermal insulation. Protection from wind chill is the most important aspect, and wind chill levels in Tasmania approached these limits during the late Pleistocene. If Clothing was required, no direct evidence of such garments has survived, but the archaeological record can be examined for indirect evidence of Clothing. The Tasmanian developments are then considered in relation to trends seen elsewhere across the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary. An 'insular' model based on thermal principles is outlined, linking environmental and human behavioural change in this crucial period based on the correlates and repercussions of Clothing. Some background material is briefly covered, such as thermal and Clothing Physiology and details of palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. More extensive treatments are available in Gilligan (2007, in press a). A key assumption is that the origin and development of Clothing prior to the Holocene was predicated largely if not exclusively on human thermal needs (see Gilligan Submitted). Thermal Physiology The principles and experimental findings relating to human responses to varying thermal conditions have been well documented (e.g. Jessen 2001; Parsons 2003:293-325). The optimal ambient temperature for lightly-clothed people is 25 [degrees] C (Fanger 1970:130-131), and shivering begins at around 13 [degrees] C. The chilling effect of wind is evident in the wind-chill index (Steadman 1995). Reports of accidental exposure demonstrate how hypothermia can lead rapidly to death (e.g. Collins 1983; Tanaka and Tokudome 1991). Cold tolerance is improved through acclimatisation (e.g. Bodley 1978), and routinely unclothed populations such as the Australian Aborigines show superior cold responses (e.g. Hicks et al. 1931; Scholander et al. 1958), but these improved defences are 'of little use during intense and continuous exposure' (Jessen 2001:152). Humans can adapt to cold, but only down to a 'critical level' below which hypothermia begins within hours (Hensel 1981:220). Published findings suggest that the safe limit for modern-day humans, beyond which the risk of hypothermia can become acute, occurs at a still-air temperature of approximately -1 [degrees] C. …