The Experts below are selected from a list of 180 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Florence C Najjuka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identification of staphylococcus aureus dnase and mannitol salt agar improve the efficiency of the tube Coagulase test
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2010
    Co-Authors: David P Kateete, Cyrus N Kimani, Fred A Katabazi, Alfred Okeng, Moses Okee, Ann Nanteza, Moses Joloba, Florence C Najjuka
    Abstract:

    Background: The ideal identification of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates requires a battery of tests and this is costly in resource limited settings. In many developing countries, the tube Coagulase test is usually confirmatory for S. aureus and is routinely done using either human or sheep plasma. This study evaluated Mannitol salt agar and the deoxyribonuclease (DNase) test for improving the efficiency of the tube Coagulase test in resource limited settings. The efficiency of human and sheep plasma with tube Coagulase tests was also evaluated. Methods: One hundred and eighty Gram positive, Catalase positive cocci occurring in pairs, short chains or clusters were subjected to growth on Mannitol salt agar, deoxyribonuclease and tube Coagulase tests. Of these, isolates that were positive for at least two of the three tests (n = 60) were used to evaluate the performance of the tube Coagulase test for identification of S. aureus, using PCR-amplification of the nuc gene as a gold standard. Results: Human plasma was more sensitive than sheep plasma for the tube Coagulase test (sensitivity of 91% vs. 81% respectively), but both plasmas had very low specificity (11% and 7% respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of the tube Coagulase test (human plasma) was markedly improved when Mannitol salt agar and DNase were introduced as a tri-combination test for routine identification of Staphylococcus aureus (100% specificity and 75% sensitivity). The specificity and sensitivity of Mannitol salt agar/DNase/tube Coagulase (sheep plasma) combination was 100% and 67%, respectively. Conclusion: The efficiency of the tube Coagulase test can be markedly improved by sequel testing of the isolates with Mannitol salt agar, DNase and Tube Coagulase. There is no single phenotypic test (including tube Coagulase) that can guarantee reliable results in the identification of Staphylococcus aureus.

Franklin R Cockerill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • prosthetic joint infection due to staphylococcus lugdunensis
    Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2000
    Co-Authors: Priya Sampathkumar, Douglas R. Osmon, Franklin R Cockerill
    Abstract:

    Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a Coagulase-negative staphylococcus, is being increasingly recognized as the cause of serious infections. We report 2 cases of total knee arthroplasty infection caused by S lugdunensis. S lugdunensis frequently produces a clumping factor that can result in a positive slide (short) Coagulase test result. If the microbiology laboratory does not use the tube Coagulase (long) test to confirm the slide Coagulase test result, the organism may be misidentified as Staphylococcus aureus. S lugdunensis is more virulent than other Coagulase-negative staphylococci and in many clinical situations behaves like S aureus, further increasing the confusion. However, S lugdunensis differs from S aureus in that it is susceptible to most antibiotics. This fact may alert the microbiology laboratory or the clinician that the isolate is likely not S aureus and prompt further testing of a specific isolate. Accurate identification of S lugdunensis isolates facilitates studies to define the epidemiology and pathogenesis of prosthetic joint infection due to S lugdunensis and delineates optimal medical and surgical therapies.

Thomas E. Besser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Coagulase positive staphylococcus intramammary infections in primiparous dairy cows
    Journal of Dairy Science, 1994
    Co-Authors: J R Roberson, Dale D. Hancock, Thomas E. Besser
    Abstract:

    Objectives were to determine the prevalence of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in primiparous cows at first parturition, to contrast the differences in Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in primiparous cows at parturition in herds with high and low prevalences of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in the lactating herd, and to determine the percentage of primiparous cows having persistent Coagulase-positive staphylococcal MI. Milk samples were collected aseptically from cows at the start and end of the study, at dry-off, and at parturition. Herds (n = 18) were split evenly into two categories: high (>10%) or low (<5%) prevalence of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI. At the start, the mean prevalence of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in high prevalence herds was 30%, ranging from 13 to 65%, and in low prevalence herds was 2%, ranging from 0 to 5%. Overall the prevalence of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in primiparous cows at parturition was 8.1% (67 of 828), ranging from 0 to 27%. Although primiparous cows from high prevalence herds had a higher prevalence of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI (9.2%; 40 of 436) at parturition than did primiparous cows from low herds (6.9%; 27 of 392), the difference was not significant. Of primiparous cows with Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI at parturition, 43% had Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI at least 2 mo after parturition. Primiparous cows with Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI at parturition may represent significant reservoirs of infection to uninfected herdmates.

  • Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus intramammary infections in primiparous dairy cows
    Journal of Dairy Science, 1994
    Co-Authors: J R Roberson, Dale D. Hancock, Thomas E. Besser
    Abstract:

    Objectives were to determine the prevalence of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in primiparous cows at first parturition, to contrast the differences in Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in primiparous cows at parturition in herds with high and low prevalences of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in the lactating herd, and to determine the percentage of primiparous cows having persistent Coagulase-positive staphylococcal MI. Milk samples were collected aseptically from cows at the start and end of the study, at dry-off, and at parturition. Herds (n = 18) were split evenly into two categories: high (>10%) or low (

  • PHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus Intramammary Infections in Primiparous Dairy Cows1
    1994
    Co-Authors: J R Roberson, Dale D. Hancock, Thomas E. Besser
    Abstract:

    Objectives were to determine the prevalence of Coagulase-positive staphy­ lococcal IMI in primiparous cows at first parturition, to contrast the differences in Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in primiparous cows at parturition in herds with high and low prevalences of Coagulase-positive staphylococcal IMI in the lactating herd, and to determine the percentage of primiparous cows having persistent Coagulase-positive staphylo­ coccal IMI. Milk samples were collected aseptically from cows at the start and end of the study, at dry-off, and at partu­ rition. Herds (n = 18) were split evenly into two categories: high (>10%) or low (

Shridar Rao.p.n - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Coagulase test
    Microbiology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Shridar Rao.p.n
    Abstract:

    The first report of Coagulase activity was by Loeb in 1904 (16). He reported that staphylococci were capable of influencing the coagulation process of blood. In his experiments, he mixed small volumes of bouillon broth cultures of bacteria with 3 cubic centimeters of goose plasma. After incubation, he noted that “staphylococcus pyogenes aureus” (now known as Staphylococcus aureus) was capable of causing the blood to coagulate, usually within 5 hours. This version of the Coagulase test is now referred to as the tube Coagulase test. Nine species of bacteria were tested, and while some response was seen with several of the other species, S. aureus produced the strongest and swiftest response. A further experiment using rabbits determined that the organism was able to affect mammalian blood as well. He also observed that a sterilized culture of the organism was not able to coagulate blood. We now know that several other species of Staphylococcus are capable of giving a positive Coagulase test (4). Shortly after that, in 1908, Much (18) described an apparently related phenomenon where S. aureus cells immediately clumped when mixed with plasma, which is now called the slide Coagulase test or clumping test.

Philip R. Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
    American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nicola E. Natsis, Philip R. Cohen
    Abstract:

    Coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms may be normal flora of human skin, however these bacteria can also be pathogens in skin and soft tissue infections. A summary of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Coagulase-negative staphylococcus species is provided in this review. We conducted a search of the PubMed database using the following terms: abscess, auricularis, biofilm, capitis, cellulitis, Coagulase, contaminant, cyst, draining, epidermidis, felon, folliculitis, furuncle, haemolyticus, hominis, indolent, infection, lugdunensis, mecA, microbiome, negative, osteomyelitis, paronychia, saprophyticus, skin, simulans, sinus, soft, staphylococcus, systemic, tissue, virulence, virulent, and vulvar. The relevant papers, and their references, generated by the search were reviewed. Skin and soft tissue infections have been observed to be caused by many Coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms: Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus simulans. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus skin infections predominantly present as abscesses and paronychia. They are most common in elderly patients or those individuals who are immunosuppressed, and tend to be broadly susceptible to antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, albeit less common, Coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms can result in skin and soft tissue infections, particularly in older and/or immunocompromised individuals. A review of the literature found that Coagulase-negative staphylococcus organisms are most commonly grown in cultures of abscesses and paronychia. Therefore, Coagulase-negative staphylococcal organisms should not always be considered as contaminants or normal flora, but rather as causative pathogens. They are usually susceptible to antibiotics used to treat methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus .