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R. P. Suggate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coal rank, Coal Type, and marine influence in the north Taranaki Coalfields, New Zealand
New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 2006Co-Authors: R. P. SuggateAbstract:Abstract A few Coal seams in the thin early Miocene Maryville Coal Measures have been mined in the relatively minor north Taranaki Coalfields: Mokau, Ohura, Tangarakau, Waitewhena, and Aria. Generally accepted as sub‐bituminous, the Coals are discussed in terms of the Rank(Sr) classification to identify more closely the variations of Coal Type and Coal rank. The use of a mineral‐matter‐ and sulphur‐free basis for the analyses is made necessary by the generally moderate to high sulphur contents. The range of volatile matter is 15%, and of calorific value is 1500 Btu/lb (= 3.5 MJ/kg specific energy). In the most closely explored Coalfield, Mokau, c. 450 Coal analyses from up to 5 seams in 130 drillholes over an area of c. 65 km2 have been used. Analyses from 27 seam sections in Tatu Mine (Tangarakau Coalfield) come from an area of c. 2.5 km2. Analyses from a few mines in Waitewhena and Aria Coalfields, and from widely spaced drillholes in Waitewhena, Ohura, and Tangarakau Coalfields, provide additional data...
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carbon nmr of Coals the effects of Coal Type and rank
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2004Co-Authors: R. P. Suggate, W W DickinsonAbstract:Abstract Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, which provide direct measurements of the chemical structure of organic matter, have been obtained for a large number of New Zealand Coals ranging from peat to semi-anthracite. Converted into numerical parameters, the spectra show differences related to Coal Type and rank. Four NMR parameters— f a , S ox , f CO2H and f COH —are examined, whereas only f a is commonly treated in previous publications. Previously, the effects of Coal Type have not been considered in interpreting whole-Coal samples, although f a had been shown to vary inversely with hydrogen content in the lower rank Coals. A wide variety of analytical determinations were used as rank indicators. In the present study, Rank( S r ), which is Type-compensated, is used as the principal rank index; T max and reflectance are also considered. Coals within the middle one-third of the New Zealand Coal Band, representing a restricted Type range of moderately high hydrogen Coals, exemplify the changes in NMR parameters as rank increases. These are all particularly sensitive to the earliest changes in kerogen, when the distinguishing oxygenated functional groups are abundant, both within the peat and as peat changes to the lowest-rank lignite. As rank increases, both f CO2H and f COH progressively decline, but neither f a nor S ox shows such uniform change. In particular, inflections in the f a /Rank( S r ) and S ox /Rank( S r ) curves closely correspond, for New Zealand Coals, to the onset of oil expulsion and the culmination (before rapid decline) of Coal coking properties.
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Analytical variation in Australian Coals related to Coal Type and rank
International Journal of Coal Geology, 1998Co-Authors: R. P. SuggateAbstract:Analyses of Australian Coals, ranging in age from Permian to Miocene, are reviewed principally by using the van Krevelen diagram (atomic O/C vs. H/C), but also by plotting calorific value vs. volatile matter. Groups of Coals of particular ages or from particular areas or seams within Coalfields plot in well-defined parts of the diagrams. Each group, however, covers only part of the rank range from lignite to semi-anthracite. Accordingly, the New Zealand (NZ) Coal Band, based on medium to high H/C Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Coals, is used as a reference maturation path. The extremes of H/C in low-rank Australian Coals are shown by the particularly high H/C Jurassic Queensland Coals and the low H/C Triassic Queensland (Callide) Coals. The majority of Coals plot between these extremes. These include Cenozoic Victorian lignites (brown Coals) which, except for high H/C pale and light lithoTypes, are similar to New Zealand lignites. Vitrains from Australian Permian Coals plot across the width of the NZ Coal Band, and the range of Permian Coals extends into much lower H/C parts of the van Krevelen diagram. The spectrum of all Coals is continuous throughout the extensive range of H/C. Comparison with data on maceral group compositions shows close relations between H/C ratios and the proportion of vitrinite, provided allowance is made for the counteracting effects of high H/C liptinite and low H/C inertinite. In most Coals, vitrinite is the dominant maceral group, and the range of H/C ratios of vitrain samples from Permian Coals shows that vitrinite composition also must be significant in influencing the elemental composition of the heterogenous Coal.
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Coal Type and rank variation in Tatu Mine, New Zealand
International Journal of Coal Geology, 1995Co-Authors: R. P. SuggateAbstract:Tatu State Mine in Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand, worked a Miocene subbituminous Coal seam about 2 m thick over an area of nearly 3 km2. Detailed face sampling of the seam from 1940 to 1961 provided 46 proximate and 15 proximate and ultimate analyses. They show great variation, particularly in moisture, volatile matter, calorific value and sulphur content. The relations between the various analytical parameters exemplify and amplify those found generally within Coals from New Zealand and many other countries, providing basic elements for geological study of Coal properties. The detailed inferences are: 1. (1) The relation between bed moisture and moisture in Coal air dried under standard conditions of 20°C and 70% relative humidity (R.H.) is MB = ∼ 1.1 × MADS(af). 2. (2) Sulphur content decreases from roof to floor of the seam, with a minor increase close to the floor. Although the sulphur contents of the top ply samples range from >6% to 6% to 51% to 8.5. 9. (9) Moisture content shows no significant rank-related variation. 10. (10) Taken individually, almost all samples would be ASTM rank subbituminous A, but particularly high-volatile samples would be High-volatile C and B bituminous. Production from the mine has always been subbituminous Coal.
T.a. Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The influence of macroscopic texture on biogenically-derived Coalbed methane, Huntly Coalfield, New Zealand
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2008Co-Authors: Tennille E. Mares, T.a. MooreAbstract:Abstract Secondary biogenic gas content can be related to textural characteristics in Eocene age subbituminous Coals from the Huntly Coalfield, New Zealand. However, the relationships between the two major Coal seams in the basin are considerably different despite their close stratigraphic proximity (less than 25 m). In this study, 163 Coal samples were collected and desorbed from eight drill holes. Gas adsorption capacity and proximate analyses were conducted as well as macroscopic logging for Coal Type and vitrain banding characteristics. Vitrain bands were quantitatively point counted and the longest dimension of the shortest axis measured. Three Coal Types were recognized: bright luster non-banded, bright moderately banded and bright highly banded. Vitrain band thickness, converted to the phi (− log 2 ) scale, was found to increase across the Coal Types with the thickest bands being associated with the most banded Coal Type. Overall, when normalized by seam and location, the dataset reveals a relationship between Coal Type and gas content with the non-banded Coal Type having the highest gas contents and conversely, the Coal Types with the most vitrain bands having the lowest gas contents. However, when the seams are considered separately, it can be seen that in the stratigraphically higher Renown Coal seam, gas has an indirect association with increasing band thickness, in agreement with the overall trend, while the stratigraphically lower Kupakupa Coal seam appears to have a direct relationship. Interestingly the Renown seam, which has a greater percentage of non-banded material, generally has a greater methane adsorption capacity as well as a greater gas content compared to the Kupakupa seam. It is believed these differences are related to macroscopic texture and that the differing proportions of the Coal Types between the two seams has a fundamental effect on microporosity, ultimately controlling the available surface area for gas adsorption.
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peat Coal Type and depositional environment are they related
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2003Co-Authors: T.a. Moore, J C ShearerAbstract:Abstract Four bogs in New Zealand were investigated in order to understand the relationship between peat Type and depositional environment. This relationship is important because peat Type translates into Coal Type, and Coal Types can ultimately be used to infer how and under what conditions the original peat bog formed. In our study, no correlation was found between peat Type and depositional environment in the four bogs examined. Moreover, no correlation was found between peat Type and either tectonic setting or climate. Water table level and degree of fluctuation are the only parameters which seem to have a good causative relationship on peat Type. The bogs, Whangamarino, Moanatuatua and Kopouatai in the North Island and Sponge Swamp in the South Island, all have different depositional settings ranging from coastal plain, to fluvial-meandering and fluvial-braided river floodplain. We found no diagnostic peat Types that would allow those different environments to be distinguished from studies of the peat. Data from other tropical and temperate climate peat bogs also support our contention that no diagnostic peat Types can distinguish particular depositional settings. However, the level and variability of water table does have a correlation, one that is also seen in bogs elsewhere. From our observations, we infer that the validity of using maceral ratios (directly related to Coal Type) to indicate depositional environment should be questioned. At best, Coal Type only represents to what degree the original plant components were degraded, but not how they were degraded. To infer other parameters such as depositional environment, tectonic setting or climate, other data (e.g. distribution of surrounding sediment Types, palynology, etc.) must be collected and assessed.
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Peat/Coal Type and depositional environment: are they related?
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2003Co-Authors: T.a. Moore, J C ShearerAbstract:Abstract Four bogs in New Zealand were investigated in order to understand the relationship between peat Type and depositional environment. This relationship is important because peat Type translates into Coal Type, and Coal Types can ultimately be used to infer how and under what conditions the original peat bog formed. In our study, no correlation was found between peat Type and depositional environment in the four bogs examined. Moreover, no correlation was found between peat Type and either tectonic setting or climate. Water table level and degree of fluctuation are the only parameters which seem to have a good causative relationship on peat Type. The bogs, Whangamarino, Moanatuatua and Kopouatai in the North Island and Sponge Swamp in the South Island, all have different depositional settings ranging from coastal plain, to fluvial-meandering and fluvial-braided river floodplain. We found no diagnostic peat Types that would allow those different environments to be distinguished from studies of the peat. Data from other tropical and temperate climate peat bogs also support our contention that no diagnostic peat Types can distinguish particular depositional settings. However, the level and variability of water table does have a correlation, one that is also seen in bogs elsewhere. From our observations, we infer that the validity of using maceral ratios (directly related to Coal Type) to indicate depositional environment should be questioned. At best, Coal Type only represents to what degree the original plant components were degraded, but not how they were degraded. To infer other parameters such as depositional environment, tectonic setting or climate, other data (e.g. distribution of surrounding sediment Types, palynology, etc.) must be collected and assessed.
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Peat/Coal Type and depositional environment—are they related?
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2003Co-Authors: T.a. Moore, J C ShearerAbstract:Abstract Four bogs in New Zealand were investigated in order to understand the relationship between peat Type and depositional environment. This relationship is important because peat Type translates into Coal Type, and Coal Types can ultimately be used to infer how and under what conditions the original peat bog formed. In our study, no correlation was found between peat Type and depositional environment in the four bogs examined. Moreover, no correlation was found between peat Type and either tectonic setting or climate. Water table level and degree of fluctuation are the only parameters which seem to have a good causative relationship on peat Type. The bogs, Whangamarino, Moanatuatua and Kopouatai in the North Island and Sponge Swamp in the South Island, all have different depositional settings ranging from coastal plain, to fluvial-meandering and fluvial-braided river floodplain. We found no diagnostic peat Types that would allow those different environments to be distinguished from studies of the peat. Data from other tropical and temperate climate peat bogs also support our contention that no diagnostic peat Types can distinguish particular depositional settings. However, the level and variability of water table does have a correlation, one that is also seen in bogs elsewhere. From our observations, we infer that the validity of using maceral ratios (directly related to Coal Type) to indicate depositional environment should be questioned. At best, Coal Type only represents to what degree the original plant components were degraded, but not how they were degraded. To infer other parameters such as depositional environment, tectonic setting or climate, other data (e.g. distribution of surrounding sediment Types, palynology, etc.) must be collected and assessed.
Yukihiko Okumura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of heating rate and Coal Type on the yield of functional tar components
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Yukihiko OkumuraAbstract:Abstract Pyrolysis with a rapid heating rate can be expected to achieve a higher yield of volatile matter than that with a slow heating rate. Therefore, this technique is attracting attention as a means to obtain useful liquid or gaseous materials in high yields. However, a detailed study on the tar components and increasing/decreasing yields of chemical materials involved in various-heating-rate pyrolysis has not been reported. Hence, in order to contribute to the advanced chemical applications of pyrolysis products, this study quantitatively investigated the effects of heating rate and Coal Type on the yield of functional Coal-tar components using GC–MS. The main outcomes of the study are as follows: (1) The yields of cyclized aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, styrene, indene, naphthalene, and PAH (3- to 5-membered rings) increased with increasing heating rate. (2) A systematic method for obtaining the yields of functional Coal-tar components was developed. The tar yield increased linearly with the H/C atomic ratio in various Coal Types. (3) The yield of indene, which can be used as a functional raw material, increased proportionally with increasing H/C ratio. The yield of fluorene, which can be used to enhance resin functionality, increased only for Coals with a high H/C ratio.
Shen Ping - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coal-Type gas provinces in China and their geochemical characteristics
AAPG Bulletin, 1996Co-Authors: Zhang Xiaobao, Xu Yonghang, Shen PingAbstract:The distribution of Coal - Type gases in China can be divided into the east gas province, the central gas province and the west gas province the east gas province lies in the East China Meso - Cenozoic Rift Belt, including Donghai Basin and Bohaiwan Basin. The ages of gas source rocks are Carbo - Permian and Tertiary. The Types of gas reservoirs are a anticline or a hidden mountain - fault block combination reservoir. The CH[sub 4] content ofthe gases there is 83 -90%, with [delta][sup 13]C[sub 1] -35.5 [approximately] -39.9[per thousand], and [delta][sup 13]C[sub 2] -24.0 [approximately] -26.8[per thousand]. The [delta][sup 13]C of condensate oils associated with the gases ranges from -25.4[per thousand] to -26.8[per thousand]. The central gas province is inside the Central China Paleozoic Plates, including Orclos Basin and Sichuan Basin. The gas source rocks are Carbo - Permian and Triassic. The Types of gas reservoirs are an anticline-fault combination or a lithological-tectonic combination reservoir. The [delta][sup 13]C[sub 1] of the gases there is -37.9 [approximately] -37. l[per thousand], with the [delta][sup 13]C of condensate oil accompanying them - 25.1 [approximately] -26.6[per thousand]. The west gas province is within the West China Late Paleozoic Intracontinental Compressivemore » Belt, including Tarim Basin, Jungar Basin and Tuna Basin. The age of gas source rocks is Jurassic. The Types of gas reservoirs are an anticline or an anticline-fault reservoir. The CH[sub 4] content of the gases there varies from 60 to 90%, with [delta][sup 13]C[sub 1] from - 38.7 to -43.7[per thousand] and [delta] [sup 13]C[sub 2] from -25.9[per thousand] to -29.9[per thousand]. The [delta] [sup 13]C of light oils and condensate oils accompanying the gases changes from 24.3[per thousand] to 27.8[per thousand].« less
J C Shearer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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peat Coal Type and depositional environment are they related
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2003Co-Authors: T.a. Moore, J C ShearerAbstract:Abstract Four bogs in New Zealand were investigated in order to understand the relationship between peat Type and depositional environment. This relationship is important because peat Type translates into Coal Type, and Coal Types can ultimately be used to infer how and under what conditions the original peat bog formed. In our study, no correlation was found between peat Type and depositional environment in the four bogs examined. Moreover, no correlation was found between peat Type and either tectonic setting or climate. Water table level and degree of fluctuation are the only parameters which seem to have a good causative relationship on peat Type. The bogs, Whangamarino, Moanatuatua and Kopouatai in the North Island and Sponge Swamp in the South Island, all have different depositional settings ranging from coastal plain, to fluvial-meandering and fluvial-braided river floodplain. We found no diagnostic peat Types that would allow those different environments to be distinguished from studies of the peat. Data from other tropical and temperate climate peat bogs also support our contention that no diagnostic peat Types can distinguish particular depositional settings. However, the level and variability of water table does have a correlation, one that is also seen in bogs elsewhere. From our observations, we infer that the validity of using maceral ratios (directly related to Coal Type) to indicate depositional environment should be questioned. At best, Coal Type only represents to what degree the original plant components were degraded, but not how they were degraded. To infer other parameters such as depositional environment, tectonic setting or climate, other data (e.g. distribution of surrounding sediment Types, palynology, etc.) must be collected and assessed.
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Peat/Coal Type and depositional environment: are they related?
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2003Co-Authors: T.a. Moore, J C ShearerAbstract:Abstract Four bogs in New Zealand were investigated in order to understand the relationship between peat Type and depositional environment. This relationship is important because peat Type translates into Coal Type, and Coal Types can ultimately be used to infer how and under what conditions the original peat bog formed. In our study, no correlation was found between peat Type and depositional environment in the four bogs examined. Moreover, no correlation was found between peat Type and either tectonic setting or climate. Water table level and degree of fluctuation are the only parameters which seem to have a good causative relationship on peat Type. The bogs, Whangamarino, Moanatuatua and Kopouatai in the North Island and Sponge Swamp in the South Island, all have different depositional settings ranging from coastal plain, to fluvial-meandering and fluvial-braided river floodplain. We found no diagnostic peat Types that would allow those different environments to be distinguished from studies of the peat. Data from other tropical and temperate climate peat bogs also support our contention that no diagnostic peat Types can distinguish particular depositional settings. However, the level and variability of water table does have a correlation, one that is also seen in bogs elsewhere. From our observations, we infer that the validity of using maceral ratios (directly related to Coal Type) to indicate depositional environment should be questioned. At best, Coal Type only represents to what degree the original plant components were degraded, but not how they were degraded. To infer other parameters such as depositional environment, tectonic setting or climate, other data (e.g. distribution of surrounding sediment Types, palynology, etc.) must be collected and assessed.
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Peat/Coal Type and depositional environment—are they related?
International Journal of Coal Geology, 2003Co-Authors: T.a. Moore, J C ShearerAbstract:Abstract Four bogs in New Zealand were investigated in order to understand the relationship between peat Type and depositional environment. This relationship is important because peat Type translates into Coal Type, and Coal Types can ultimately be used to infer how and under what conditions the original peat bog formed. In our study, no correlation was found between peat Type and depositional environment in the four bogs examined. Moreover, no correlation was found between peat Type and either tectonic setting or climate. Water table level and degree of fluctuation are the only parameters which seem to have a good causative relationship on peat Type. The bogs, Whangamarino, Moanatuatua and Kopouatai in the North Island and Sponge Swamp in the South Island, all have different depositional settings ranging from coastal plain, to fluvial-meandering and fluvial-braided river floodplain. We found no diagnostic peat Types that would allow those different environments to be distinguished from studies of the peat. Data from other tropical and temperate climate peat bogs also support our contention that no diagnostic peat Types can distinguish particular depositional settings. However, the level and variability of water table does have a correlation, one that is also seen in bogs elsewhere. From our observations, we infer that the validity of using maceral ratios (directly related to Coal Type) to indicate depositional environment should be questioned. At best, Coal Type only represents to what degree the original plant components were degraded, but not how they were degraded. To infer other parameters such as depositional environment, tectonic setting or climate, other data (e.g. distribution of surrounding sediment Types, palynology, etc.) must be collected and assessed.