The Experts below are selected from a list of 13395 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Baoshan Cui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficient tidal channel networks alleviate the drought induced die off of salt marshes implications for Coastal Restoration and management
Science of The Total Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Zezheng Liu, Chengjie Xie, Sergio Fagherazzi, Xiaojun She, Baoshan CuiAbstract:Massive die-off in salt marshes is one of the most common examples of widespread degradation in marine and Coastal ecosystems. In salt marshes, tidal channel networks facilitate the exchange of water, nutrients, sediments and biota with the open marine environments. However, quantitative analyses of the role of channel networks in alleviating vegetation die-off in salt marshes are scarce. Here we quantified the spatial-temporal development of marsh vegetation die-off in the northern Liaodong Bay by analyzing aerial images before, during, and after a drought (from 2014 to 2018). We found that Suaeda salsa marshes have recently experienced large-scale die-off. The extent of vegetation die-off increases with increasing distance from the channel network. Moreover, our results suggested that efficient tidal channel networks (high drainage density, low mean unchanneled path length) can mitigate die-off at the watershed scale. We presented possible abiotic & biotic processes in channel networks that explain this spatial dynamic. Our study highlights the importance of efficient tidal channel networks in mitigating die-off and enhancing the resistance of marshes to droughts, and call for incorporating theses dynamics in Coastal Restoration and management.
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Biogeomorphological processes and structures facilitate seedling establishment and distribution of annual plants: implications for Coastal Restoration
The Science of the total environment, 2020Co-Authors: Dongdong Qiu, Jiaguo Yan, Dongdong Shao, Junhong Bai, Baoshan CuiAbstract:Abstract Biogeomorphological processes and structures (BPS) can affect plant growth and community structure and promote landscape complexity in ecosystems. However, there is a lack of understanding of how BPS facilitates seedling establishment and distribution of annual plants and promotes the success of Coastal Restoration. We studied the relationships between seedling establishment of a native annual plant species (Suaeda salsa) and BPS resulting from crabs and plants in a middle elevation salt marsh with moderate tides (where inhabited generally high density of plants and crabs) in the Yellow River Delta of China. While there were many crabs but fewer plants in lower elevation areas with more frequent and stronger tides; and in higher elevation areas with weaker tides there were both fewer crabs and plants. Investigations and field manipulation experiments of microtopography, crabs and plants were conducted to determine if and how these BPS influenced seedling establishment and distribution under tidal influence in the middle elevation salt marshes. Results demonstrated that biogeomorphological structures, mainly concave hollows generated by crab burrowing and concave hollows around plant roots and stems under tidal influence, were associated with the trapping of seeds and influenced the establishment and distribution of seedlings. Additionally, upon senescence, maternal plants with unreleased seeds lodged on the ground and influenced seed retention and seedling establishment. The artificial concave hollows that were created experimentally also trapped many seeds and facilitated seedling establishment. Experimental plantings and creation of artificial hollow microtopography attracted crabs that created burrows, resulting in a positive feedback on seedling establishment. We used information obtained from the experimental component of the study to conduct a hollow microtopography manipulation to successfully restore degraded salt marshes. Understanding the associations between seedling establishment and biogeomorphological processes provides important insights for the utilization of natural or human ecosystem engineering to restore Coastal vegetation ecosystems.
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Shifting paradigms in Coastal Restoration: Six decades' lessons from China.
The Science of the total environment, 2016Co-Authors: Zezheng Liu, Baoshan CuiAbstract:With accelerating degradation of Coastal environment worldwide, Restoration has been elevated as a global strategy to enhance the functioning and social services of Coastal ecosystems. While many developing countries suffer from intense Coastal degradation, current understanding of the science and practice of their Coastal Restorations is extremely limited. Based on analysis of >1000 Restoration projects, we provide the first synthesis of China's Coastal Restorations. We show that China's Coastal Restoration has recently entered a rapidly developing stage, with an increasing number of Restoration projects carried out in multiple types of Coastal ecosystems. While long-term, national-level Restorations enforced by the government appear promising for some Coastal ecosystems, especially mangroves, Restorations of many other Coastal ecosystems, such as salt marshes, seagrasses and coral reefs, have been much less implemented, likely due to under-appreciation of their ecosystem services values. Furthermore, the planning, techniques, research/assessment, and participation models underlying current Restorations remain largely inadequate for Restoration to effectively halt rapid Coastal degradation. To promote success, we propose a framework where paradigms in current Restorations from planning to implementation and assessment are transformed in multiple ways. Our study has broad implications for Coastal environmental management policies and practices, and should inform sustainable development of coupled human-ocean systems in many countries.
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Mismatch between watershed effects and local efforts constrains the success of Coastal salt marsh vegetation Restoration
Journal of Cleaner Production, 1Co-Authors: Zezheng Liu, Sergio Fagherazzi, Baoshan CuiAbstract:Abstract Coastal Restoration is considered a key solution to counteract Coastal degradation and mitigate climate change. In recent years, China’s Coastal Restoration projects have multiplied, with more than one billion US dollars spent during 2016–2019. Due to the sudden die-off of marsh vegetation in the Liaohe River Estuary, local managers have spent more than 30 million dollars to restore these salt marshes since 2015. However, these projects either failed or yielded limited results. Combining long-term remote sensing data to ground-based surveys, we found that salt marshes in the Liaohe River Estuary have experienced two dramatic diebacks separated by a recovery period, and the rapid changes in vegetation canopy were primarily driven by freshwater availability, especially river discharge. We suggest that mismatch between degradation drivers at the watershed-scale and Restoration efforts at the local-scale hinders the success of Coastal Restorations. Efforts to restore these salt marshes will always be thwarted unless freshwater availability is replenished. Therefore, we propose a watershed-based solution, incorporating water replenishment from the river basin in estuarine Restoration projects. Given the declining trends in river freshwater inputs in low-middle latitude coastlines, such wetland deterioration might also occur in many world’s estuaries. Lessons from China’s large-scale Coastal Restoration projects can help other regions to avoid similar shortcomings, and improve our Restoration practices before too many resources are lost.
Karine Gagnon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Context-dependency of eelgrass−clam interactions: implications for Coastal Restoration
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020Co-Authors: Lukas Meysick, Karine Gagnon, Alf Norkko, Max Gräfnings, Christoffer BoströmAbstract:Facilitative interactions between co-occurring species sustain diverse communities and constitute a vital functional component of Coastal marine ecosystems. In seagrass ecosystems, facilitation ensures the survival and resilience of this important habitat. As seagrass meadows are in decline, innovative Restoration strategies incorporating facilitative interactions could open new avenues in marine Restoration. Here, we investigated the interactions between eelgrass Zostera marina and the Baltic clam Macoma balthica, and tested whether clams could enhance early survival and biomass increase of transplanted eelgrass shoots in the northern Baltic Sea. We measured eelgrass responses to differing densities of clams, as well as porewater ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43-) concentrations in field and aquarium experiments. Overall, survival of transplanted plots was high, independent of clam density. Specifically, we found that clams facilitated eelgrass above- and below-ground biomass in low porewater nutrient conditions, potentially through nutrient release, but inhibited growth in high-nutrient conditions, particularly where clams were added at high densities. Our results show the important role of infaunal bivalves for nutrient fluxes within seagrass meadows. Most notably, we highlight the importance of considering and testing context- and density-dependency when studying interspecific interactions, as clams could both benefit and hamper Zostera biomass increase. This becomes particularly crucial when incorporating such interactions in a Restoration context.
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Data from: Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success
2020Co-Authors: Ralph J.m. Temmink, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Gregory S. Fivash, Christine Angelini, Christoffer Boström, K. Didderen, Sabine M. Engel, Nicole Esteban, Jeffrey Gaeckle, Karine GagnonAbstract:Data from: Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success. Nature Communications In this study, we experimentally tested how mimicking key emergent traits that locally suppress physical stress using biodegradable establishment structures can increase Restoration success. Experiments across (sub)tropical and temperate seagrass and salt marsh systems demonstrate greatly enhanced yields when individuals are transplanted within structures mimicking emergent traits that suppress waves or sediment mobility. Specifically, belowground mimics of dense root mats most facilitated seagrasses via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitated marsh grasses by reducing stem movement. This dataset contains data of plant performance of the experimental plots, sediment movement data of seagrass plots, and stem movement data of the flume experiment.
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Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success.
Nature communications, 2020Co-Authors: Ralph J.m. Temmink, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Gregory S. Fivash, Christine Angelini, Christoffer Boström, K. Didderen, Sabine M. Engel, Nicole Esteban, Jeffrey Gaeckle, Karine GagnonAbstract:Restoration is becoming a vital tool to counteract Coastal ecosystem degradation. Modifying transplant designs of habitat-forming organisms from dispersed to clumped can amplify Coastal Restoration yields as it generates self-facilitation from emergent traits, i.e. traits not expressed by individuals or small clones, but that emerge in clumped individuals or large clones. Here, we advance Restoration science by mimicking key emergent traits that locally suppress physical stress using biodegradable establishment structures. Experiments across (sub)tropical and temperate seagrass and salt marsh systems demonstrate greatly enhanced yields when individuals are transplanted within structures mimicking emergent traits that suppress waves or sediment mobility. Specifically, belowground mimics of dense root mats most facilitate seagrasses via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitate marsh grasses by reducing stem movement. Mimicking key emergent traits may allow upscaling of Restoration in many ecosystems that depend on self-facilitation for persistence, by constraining biological material requirements and implementation costs.
Zezheng Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficient tidal channel networks alleviate the drought induced die off of salt marshes implications for Coastal Restoration and management
Science of The Total Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Zezheng Liu, Chengjie Xie, Sergio Fagherazzi, Xiaojun She, Baoshan CuiAbstract:Massive die-off in salt marshes is one of the most common examples of widespread degradation in marine and Coastal ecosystems. In salt marshes, tidal channel networks facilitate the exchange of water, nutrients, sediments and biota with the open marine environments. However, quantitative analyses of the role of channel networks in alleviating vegetation die-off in salt marshes are scarce. Here we quantified the spatial-temporal development of marsh vegetation die-off in the northern Liaodong Bay by analyzing aerial images before, during, and after a drought (from 2014 to 2018). We found that Suaeda salsa marshes have recently experienced large-scale die-off. The extent of vegetation die-off increases with increasing distance from the channel network. Moreover, our results suggested that efficient tidal channel networks (high drainage density, low mean unchanneled path length) can mitigate die-off at the watershed scale. We presented possible abiotic & biotic processes in channel networks that explain this spatial dynamic. Our study highlights the importance of efficient tidal channel networks in mitigating die-off and enhancing the resistance of marshes to droughts, and call for incorporating theses dynamics in Coastal Restoration and management.
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Shifting paradigms in Coastal Restoration: Six decades' lessons from China.
The Science of the total environment, 2016Co-Authors: Zezheng Liu, Baoshan CuiAbstract:With accelerating degradation of Coastal environment worldwide, Restoration has been elevated as a global strategy to enhance the functioning and social services of Coastal ecosystems. While many developing countries suffer from intense Coastal degradation, current understanding of the science and practice of their Coastal Restorations is extremely limited. Based on analysis of >1000 Restoration projects, we provide the first synthesis of China's Coastal Restorations. We show that China's Coastal Restoration has recently entered a rapidly developing stage, with an increasing number of Restoration projects carried out in multiple types of Coastal ecosystems. While long-term, national-level Restorations enforced by the government appear promising for some Coastal ecosystems, especially mangroves, Restorations of many other Coastal ecosystems, such as salt marshes, seagrasses and coral reefs, have been much less implemented, likely due to under-appreciation of their ecosystem services values. Furthermore, the planning, techniques, research/assessment, and participation models underlying current Restorations remain largely inadequate for Restoration to effectively halt rapid Coastal degradation. To promote success, we propose a framework where paradigms in current Restorations from planning to implementation and assessment are transformed in multiple ways. Our study has broad implications for Coastal environmental management policies and practices, and should inform sustainable development of coupled human-ocean systems in many countries.
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Mismatch between watershed effects and local efforts constrains the success of Coastal salt marsh vegetation Restoration
Journal of Cleaner Production, 1Co-Authors: Zezheng Liu, Sergio Fagherazzi, Baoshan CuiAbstract:Abstract Coastal Restoration is considered a key solution to counteract Coastal degradation and mitigate climate change. In recent years, China’s Coastal Restoration projects have multiplied, with more than one billion US dollars spent during 2016–2019. Due to the sudden die-off of marsh vegetation in the Liaohe River Estuary, local managers have spent more than 30 million dollars to restore these salt marshes since 2015. However, these projects either failed or yielded limited results. Combining long-term remote sensing data to ground-based surveys, we found that salt marshes in the Liaohe River Estuary have experienced two dramatic diebacks separated by a recovery period, and the rapid changes in vegetation canopy were primarily driven by freshwater availability, especially river discharge. We suggest that mismatch between degradation drivers at the watershed-scale and Restoration efforts at the local-scale hinders the success of Coastal Restorations. Efforts to restore these salt marshes will always be thwarted unless freshwater availability is replenished. Therefore, we propose a watershed-based solution, incorporating water replenishment from the river basin in estuarine Restoration projects. Given the declining trends in river freshwater inputs in low-middle latitude coastlines, such wetland deterioration might also occur in many world’s estuaries. Lessons from China’s large-scale Coastal Restoration projects can help other regions to avoid similar shortcomings, and improve our Restoration practices before too many resources are lost.
Christine Angelini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Data from: Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success
2020Co-Authors: Ralph J.m. Temmink, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Gregory S. Fivash, Christine Angelini, Christoffer Boström, K. Didderen, Sabine M. Engel, Nicole Esteban, Jeffrey Gaeckle, Karine GagnonAbstract:Data from: Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success. Nature Communications In this study, we experimentally tested how mimicking key emergent traits that locally suppress physical stress using biodegradable establishment structures can increase Restoration success. Experiments across (sub)tropical and temperate seagrass and salt marsh systems demonstrate greatly enhanced yields when individuals are transplanted within structures mimicking emergent traits that suppress waves or sediment mobility. Specifically, belowground mimics of dense root mats most facilitated seagrasses via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitated marsh grasses by reducing stem movement. This dataset contains data of plant performance of the experimental plots, sediment movement data of seagrass plots, and stem movement data of the flume experiment.
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Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success.
Nature communications, 2020Co-Authors: Ralph J.m. Temmink, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Gregory S. Fivash, Christine Angelini, Christoffer Boström, K. Didderen, Sabine M. Engel, Nicole Esteban, Jeffrey Gaeckle, Karine GagnonAbstract:Restoration is becoming a vital tool to counteract Coastal ecosystem degradation. Modifying transplant designs of habitat-forming organisms from dispersed to clumped can amplify Coastal Restoration yields as it generates self-facilitation from emergent traits, i.e. traits not expressed by individuals or small clones, but that emerge in clumped individuals or large clones. Here, we advance Restoration science by mimicking key emergent traits that locally suppress physical stress using biodegradable establishment structures. Experiments across (sub)tropical and temperate seagrass and salt marsh systems demonstrate greatly enhanced yields when individuals are transplanted within structures mimicking emergent traits that suppress waves or sediment mobility. Specifically, belowground mimics of dense root mats most facilitate seagrasses via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitate marsh grasses by reducing stem movement. Mimicking key emergent traits may allow upscaling of Restoration in many ecosystems that depend on self-facilitation for persistence, by constraining biological material requirements and implementation costs.
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Optimizing Coastal Restoration with the stress gradient hypothesis.
Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Hallie S. Fischman, Sinead M. Crotty, Christine AngeliniAbstract:Restoration efforts have been escalating worldwide in response to widespread habitat degradation. However, Coastal Restoration attempts notoriously vary in their ability to establish resilient, high-functioning ecosystems. Conventional Restoration attempts disperse transplants in competition-minimizing arrays, yet recent studies suggest that clumping transplants to maximize facilitative interactions may improve Restoration success. Here, we modify the stress gradient hypothesis to generate predictions about where each Restoration design will perform best across environmental stress gradients. We then test this conceptual model with field experiments manipulating transplant density and configuration across dune elevations and latitudes. In hurricane-damaged Georgia (USA) dunes, grass transplanted in competition-minimizing (low-density, dispersed) arrays exhibited the highest growth, resilience to disturbance and dune formation in low-stress conditions. In contrast, transplants survived best in facilitation-maximizing (high-density, clumped) arrays in high-stress conditions, but these benefits did not translate to higher transplant growth or resilience. In a parallel experiment in Massachusetts where dune grasses experience frequent saltwater inundation, fewer transplants survived, suggesting that there are thresholds above which intraspecific facilitation cannot overcome local stressors. These results suggest that ecological theory can be used to guide Restoration strategies based on local stress regimes, maximizing potential Restoration success and return-on-investment of future efforts.
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All ESM materials from Optimizing Coastal Restoration with the stress gradient hypothesis
2019Co-Authors: Hallie S. Fischman, Sinead M. Crotty, Christine AngeliniAbstract:Diagram of block design and mobility poles, expansion tiller picture, per transplant leaf counts, survival by density, physical stress measurements by latitudes, and ANOVA tables.
Christoffer Boström - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Context-dependency of eelgrass−clam interactions: implications for Coastal Restoration
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2020Co-Authors: Lukas Meysick, Karine Gagnon, Alf Norkko, Max Gräfnings, Christoffer BoströmAbstract:Facilitative interactions between co-occurring species sustain diverse communities and constitute a vital functional component of Coastal marine ecosystems. In seagrass ecosystems, facilitation ensures the survival and resilience of this important habitat. As seagrass meadows are in decline, innovative Restoration strategies incorporating facilitative interactions could open new avenues in marine Restoration. Here, we investigated the interactions between eelgrass Zostera marina and the Baltic clam Macoma balthica, and tested whether clams could enhance early survival and biomass increase of transplanted eelgrass shoots in the northern Baltic Sea. We measured eelgrass responses to differing densities of clams, as well as porewater ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43-) concentrations in field and aquarium experiments. Overall, survival of transplanted plots was high, independent of clam density. Specifically, we found that clams facilitated eelgrass above- and below-ground biomass in low porewater nutrient conditions, potentially through nutrient release, but inhibited growth in high-nutrient conditions, particularly where clams were added at high densities. Our results show the important role of infaunal bivalves for nutrient fluxes within seagrass meadows. Most notably, we highlight the importance of considering and testing context- and density-dependency when studying interspecific interactions, as clams could both benefit and hamper Zostera biomass increase. This becomes particularly crucial when incorporating such interactions in a Restoration context.
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Data from: Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success
2020Co-Authors: Ralph J.m. Temmink, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Gregory S. Fivash, Christine Angelini, Christoffer Boström, K. Didderen, Sabine M. Engel, Nicole Esteban, Jeffrey Gaeckle, Karine GagnonAbstract:Data from: Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success. Nature Communications In this study, we experimentally tested how mimicking key emergent traits that locally suppress physical stress using biodegradable establishment structures can increase Restoration success. Experiments across (sub)tropical and temperate seagrass and salt marsh systems demonstrate greatly enhanced yields when individuals are transplanted within structures mimicking emergent traits that suppress waves or sediment mobility. Specifically, belowground mimics of dense root mats most facilitated seagrasses via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitated marsh grasses by reducing stem movement. This dataset contains data of plant performance of the experimental plots, sediment movement data of seagrass plots, and stem movement data of the flume experiment.
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Mimicry of emergent traits amplifies Coastal Restoration success.
Nature communications, 2020Co-Authors: Ralph J.m. Temmink, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Gregory S. Fivash, Christine Angelini, Christoffer Boström, K. Didderen, Sabine M. Engel, Nicole Esteban, Jeffrey Gaeckle, Karine GagnonAbstract:Restoration is becoming a vital tool to counteract Coastal ecosystem degradation. Modifying transplant designs of habitat-forming organisms from dispersed to clumped can amplify Coastal Restoration yields as it generates self-facilitation from emergent traits, i.e. traits not expressed by individuals or small clones, but that emerge in clumped individuals or large clones. Here, we advance Restoration science by mimicking key emergent traits that locally suppress physical stress using biodegradable establishment structures. Experiments across (sub)tropical and temperate seagrass and salt marsh systems demonstrate greatly enhanced yields when individuals are transplanted within structures mimicking emergent traits that suppress waves or sediment mobility. Specifically, belowground mimics of dense root mats most facilitate seagrasses via sediment stabilization, while mimics of aboveground plant structures most facilitate marsh grasses by reducing stem movement. Mimicking key emergent traits may allow upscaling of Restoration in many ecosystems that depend on self-facilitation for persistence, by constraining biological material requirements and implementation costs.