The Experts below are selected from a list of 1341 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Armaniar Armaniar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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penggunaan semut hitam dan bokashi dalam peningkatan resistensi dan produksi tanaman kakao
AGRIUM: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 2019Co-Authors: Armaniar Armaniar, Ahamad Saleh, Fachrina WibowoAbstract:Cocoa is the source of life for more than 6.5 million farming families. Cocoa farmers in Langkat District about 2081 with an area of 2603/ha. Cocoa production in Langkat recorded about 950 kg/ha/year, but some produced about 450 kg/ha/year. In addition to the shortage of subsidized inorganic fertilizers, another problem in Indonesia’s low Cocoa production especially Langkat is because cultivation was not done.Another, the attack of plant-disturbing organisms, such as Cocoa Borer (CPB) and Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD). Cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella is a very serious pest and 80% production reduced. It was because the Cocoa pod borer is difficult to control and had spread throughout Langkat. By 2018, Cocoa production in Langkat about 7 kg/weeks. Biological control using black ants has been developed as a natural CPB pest agency by making ant nest of 30-40 strands of dried Cocoa leaves with permanent polystyrene plastic or dry Cocoa leaves and tied with rafia straps. The results showed that Cocoa Pods were heavy damaged under 5%. Fertilizing with Bokashi which are made of Cocoa leaves, bran, husks and manure fermented with EM-4 was applied 5 kg/tree, for plant resistance to VSD disease and Cocoa production increased. Farmer are commitment to their respective Cocoa gardens and hope they can produce organic Cocoa in the future
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Penggunaan Semut Hitam dan Bokashi dalam Peningkatan Resistensi dan Produksi Tanaman Kakao
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA UTARA, 2019Co-Authors: Armaniar Armaniar, Saleh Ahamad, Wibowo FachrinaAbstract:Cocoa is the source of life for more than 6.5 million farming families. Cocoa farmers in Langkat District about 2081 with an area of 2603/ha. Cocoa production in Langkat recorded about 950 kg/ha/year, but some produced about 450 kg/ha/year. In addition to the shortage of subsidized inorganic fertilizers, another problem in Indonesia’s low Cocoa production especially Langkat is because cultivation was not done.Another, the attack of plant-disturbing organisms, such as Cocoa Borer (CPB) and Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD). Cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella is a very serious pest and 80% production reduced. It was because the Cocoa pod borer is difficult to control and had spread throughout Langkat. By 2018, Cocoa production in Langkat about 7 kg/weeks. Biological control using black ants has been developed as a natural CPB pest agency by making ant nest of 30-40 strands of dried Cocoa leaves with permanent polystyrene plastic or dry Cocoa leaves and tied with rafia straps. The results showed that Cocoa Pods were heavy damaged under 5%. Fertilizing with Bokashi which are made of Cocoa leaves, bran, husks and manure fermented with EM-4 was applied 5 kg/tree, for plant resistance to VSD disease and Cocoa production increased. Farmer are commitment to their respective Cocoa gardens and hope they can produce organic Cocoa in the futur
Alexandra C Morel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbon dynamics net primary productivity and human appropriated net primary productivity across a forest Cocoa farm landscape in west africa
Global Change Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Alexandra C Morel, Michael Adu Sasu, Stephen Adubredu, Marvin Quaye, Christine Moore, Rebecca Ashley Asare, John Mason, Mark Hirons, Constance L McdermottAbstract:Terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) is an important metric of ecosystem functioning; however, there are little empirical data on the NPP of human-modified ecosystems, particularly smallholder, perennial crops like Cocoa (Theobroma cacao), which are extensive across the tropics. Human-appropriated NPP (HANPP) is a measure of the proportion of a natural system's NPP that has either been reduced through land-use change or harvested directly and, previously, has been calculated to estimate the scale of the human impact on the biosphere. Additionally, human modification can create shifts in NPP allocation and decomposition, with concomitant impacts on the carbon cycle. This study presents the results of 3 years of intensive monitoring of forest and smallholder Cocoa farms across disturbance, management intensity, distance from forest and farm age gradients. We measured among the highest reported NPP values in tropical forest, 17.57 ± 2.1 and 17.7 ± 1.6 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for intact and logged forest, respectively; however, the average NPP of Cocoa farms was still higher, 18.8 ± 2.5 Mg C ha−1 year−1, which we found was driven by Cocoa pod production. We found a dramatic shift in litterfall residence times, where Cocoa leaves decomposed more slowly than forest leaves and shade tree litterfall decomposed considerably faster, indicating significant changes in rates of nutrient cycling. The average HANPP value for all Cocoa farms was 2.1 ± 1.1 Mg C ha−1 year−1; however, depending on the density of shade trees, it ranged from −4.6 to 5.2 Mg C ha−1 year−1. Therefore, rather than being related to Cocoa yield, HANPP was reduced by maintaining higher shade levels. Across our monitored farms, 18.9% of farm NPP was harvested (i.e., whole Cocoa Pods) and only 1.1% (i.e., Cocoa beans) was removed from the system, suggesting that the scale of HANPP in smallholder Cocoa agroforestry systems is relatively small. (Less)
Stefan Vidal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compensating Inputs and Farmers ’ Net Returns in West Africa
2016Co-Authors: Herve Bertin, Daniel Fotio, Alain Didier Missoup, Daghela Bisseleua, Stefan VidalAbstract:Cocoa agroforests can significantly support biodiversity, yet intensification of farming practices is degrading agroforestry habitats and compromising ecosystem services such as biological pest control. Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between agricultural matrix, biodiversity and ecosystem services, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked shade index calculated from eight vegetation variables, with insect pests and beneficial insects (ants, wasps and spiders) in 20 Cocoa agroforests differing in woody and herbaceous vegetation diversity. We measured herbivory and predatory rates, and quantified resulting increases in Cocoa yield and net returns. We found that number of spider webs and wasp nests significantly decreased with increasing density of exotic shade tree species. Greater species richness of native shade tree species was associated with a higher number of wasp nests and spider webs while species richness of understory plants did not have a strong impact on these beneficial species. Species richness of ants, wasp nests and spider webs peaked at higher levels of plant species richness. The number of herbivore species (mirid bugs and Cocoa pod borers) and the rate of herbivory on Cocoa Pods decreased with increasing shade index. Shade index was negatively related to yield, with yield significantly higher at shade and herb covers,50%. However, higher inputs in the Cocoa farms do not necessarily result in a higher net return. In conclusion, our study shows the importance of a diverse shade canopy in reducing damage caused by Cocoa pests. It also highlights the importance of conservation initiatives i
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shade tree diversity Cocoa pest damage yield compensating inputs and farmers net returns in west africa
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Herve Bertin Daghela Bisseleua, Daniel Fotio, Alain Didier Missoup, Stefan VidalAbstract:Cocoa agroforests can significantly support biodiversity, yet intensification of farming practices is degrading agroforestry habitats and compromising ecosystem services such as biological pest control. Effective conservation strategies depend on the type of relationship between agricultural matrix, biodiversity and ecosystem services, but to date the shape of this relationship is unknown. We linked shade index calculated from eight vegetation variables, with insect pests and beneficial insects (ants, wasps and spiders) in 20 Cocoa agroforests differing in woody and herbaceous vegetation diversity. We measured herbivory and predatory rates, and quantified resulting increases in Cocoa yield and net returns. We found that number of spider webs and wasp nests significantly decreased with increasing density of exotic shade tree species. Greater species richness of native shade tree species was associated with a higher number of wasp nests and spider webs while species richness of understory plants did not have a strong impact on these beneficial species. Species richness of ants, wasp nests and spider webs peaked at higher levels of plant species richness. The number of herbivore species (mirid bugs and Cocoa pod borers) and the rate of herbivory on Cocoa Pods decreased with increasing shade index. Shade index was negatively related to yield, with yield significantly higher at shade and herb covers<50%. However, higher inputs in the Cocoa farms do not necessarily result in a higher net return. In conclusion, our study shows the importance of a diverse shade canopy in reducing damage caused by Cocoa pests. It also highlights the importance of conservation initiatives in tropical agroforestry landscapes.
Fachrina Wibowo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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penggunaan semut hitam dan bokashi dalam peningkatan resistensi dan produksi tanaman kakao
AGRIUM: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 2019Co-Authors: Armaniar Armaniar, Ahamad Saleh, Fachrina WibowoAbstract:Cocoa is the source of life for more than 6.5 million farming families. Cocoa farmers in Langkat District about 2081 with an area of 2603/ha. Cocoa production in Langkat recorded about 950 kg/ha/year, but some produced about 450 kg/ha/year. In addition to the shortage of subsidized inorganic fertilizers, another problem in Indonesia’s low Cocoa production especially Langkat is because cultivation was not done.Another, the attack of plant-disturbing organisms, such as Cocoa Borer (CPB) and Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD). Cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella is a very serious pest and 80% production reduced. It was because the Cocoa pod borer is difficult to control and had spread throughout Langkat. By 2018, Cocoa production in Langkat about 7 kg/weeks. Biological control using black ants has been developed as a natural CPB pest agency by making ant nest of 30-40 strands of dried Cocoa leaves with permanent polystyrene plastic or dry Cocoa leaves and tied with rafia straps. The results showed that Cocoa Pods were heavy damaged under 5%. Fertilizing with Bokashi which are made of Cocoa leaves, bran, husks and manure fermented with EM-4 was applied 5 kg/tree, for plant resistance to VSD disease and Cocoa production increased. Farmer are commitment to their respective Cocoa gardens and hope they can produce organic Cocoa in the future
Wibowo Fachrina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Penggunaan Semut Hitam dan Bokashi dalam Peningkatan Resistensi dan Produksi Tanaman Kakao
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA UTARA, 2019Co-Authors: Armaniar Armaniar, Saleh Ahamad, Wibowo FachrinaAbstract:Cocoa is the source of life for more than 6.5 million farming families. Cocoa farmers in Langkat District about 2081 with an area of 2603/ha. Cocoa production in Langkat recorded about 950 kg/ha/year, but some produced about 450 kg/ha/year. In addition to the shortage of subsidized inorganic fertilizers, another problem in Indonesia’s low Cocoa production especially Langkat is because cultivation was not done.Another, the attack of plant-disturbing organisms, such as Cocoa Borer (CPB) and Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD). Cocoa pod borer, Conopomorpha cramerella is a very serious pest and 80% production reduced. It was because the Cocoa pod borer is difficult to control and had spread throughout Langkat. By 2018, Cocoa production in Langkat about 7 kg/weeks. Biological control using black ants has been developed as a natural CPB pest agency by making ant nest of 30-40 strands of dried Cocoa leaves with permanent polystyrene plastic or dry Cocoa leaves and tied with rafia straps. The results showed that Cocoa Pods were heavy damaged under 5%. Fertilizing with Bokashi which are made of Cocoa leaves, bran, husks and manure fermented with EM-4 was applied 5 kg/tree, for plant resistance to VSD disease and Cocoa production increased. Farmer are commitment to their respective Cocoa gardens and hope they can produce organic Cocoa in the futur