The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dan T L Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supplement to the Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry
Radiotherapy and Oncology, 1994Co-Authors: Stefaan Vynckier, D E Bonnett, Dan T L JonesAbstract:The 'Code of Practice for Clinical Proton Dosimetry' (Vynckier, S., Bonnett, D.E. and Jones, D.T.L. Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry. Radiother. Oncol. 20: 53-63, 1991) was published in 1991, but since then new data for mass stopping powers have been reported and consideration has been given to the specification of absorbed dose in water instead of the original recommendation of absorbed dose in tissue. This supplement summarises the basic recommendations of the original Code of Practice and incorporates the new stopping power data for dose specification in water.
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Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry
Radiotherapy and Oncology, 1991Co-Authors: Stefaan Vynckier, D E Bonnett, Dan T L JonesAbstract:Abstract The objective of this document is to make recommendations for the determination of absorbed dose to tissue for clinical proton beams and to achieve uniformity in proton dosimetry. A Code of Practice has been chosen, providing specific guidelines for the choice of the detector and the method of determination of absorbed dose for proton beams only. This Code of Practice is confined specifically to the determination of absorbed dose and is not concerned with the biological effects of proton beams. It is recommended that dosimeters be calibrated by comparison with a calorimeter. If this is not available, a Faraday cup, or alternatively, an ionization chamber, with a 60 Co calibration factor should be used. Physical parameters for determining the dose from tissue-equivalent ionization chamber measurements are given together with a worksheet. It is recommended that calibrations be carried out in water at the centre of the spread-out-Bragg-peak and that dose distributions be measured in a water phantom. It is estimated that the error in the calibrations will be less than ± 5% (1 S.D.) in all cases. Adoption and implementation of this Code of Practice will facilitate the exchange of clinical information.
Stefaan Vynckier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supplement to the Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry
Radiotherapy and Oncology, 1994Co-Authors: Stefaan Vynckier, D E Bonnett, Dan T L JonesAbstract:The 'Code of Practice for Clinical Proton Dosimetry' (Vynckier, S., Bonnett, D.E. and Jones, D.T.L. Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry. Radiother. Oncol. 20: 53-63, 1991) was published in 1991, but since then new data for mass stopping powers have been reported and consideration has been given to the specification of absorbed dose in water instead of the original recommendation of absorbed dose in tissue. This supplement summarises the basic recommendations of the original Code of Practice and incorporates the new stopping power data for dose specification in water.
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Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry
Radiotherapy and Oncology, 1991Co-Authors: Stefaan Vynckier, D E Bonnett, Dan T L JonesAbstract:Abstract The objective of this document is to make recommendations for the determination of absorbed dose to tissue for clinical proton beams and to achieve uniformity in proton dosimetry. A Code of Practice has been chosen, providing specific guidelines for the choice of the detector and the method of determination of absorbed dose for proton beams only. This Code of Practice is confined specifically to the determination of absorbed dose and is not concerned with the biological effects of proton beams. It is recommended that dosimeters be calibrated by comparison with a calorimeter. If this is not available, a Faraday cup, or alternatively, an ionization chamber, with a 60 Co calibration factor should be used. Physical parameters for determining the dose from tissue-equivalent ionization chamber measurements are given together with a worksheet. It is recommended that calibrations be carried out in water at the centre of the spread-out-Bragg-peak and that dose distributions be measured in a water phantom. It is estimated that the error in the calibrations will be less than ± 5% (1 S.D.) in all cases. Adoption and implementation of this Code of Practice will facilitate the exchange of clinical information.
D E Bonnett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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supplement to the Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry
Radiotherapy and Oncology, 1994Co-Authors: Stefaan Vynckier, D E Bonnett, Dan T L JonesAbstract:The 'Code of Practice for Clinical Proton Dosimetry' (Vynckier, S., Bonnett, D.E. and Jones, D.T.L. Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry. Radiother. Oncol. 20: 53-63, 1991) was published in 1991, but since then new data for mass stopping powers have been reported and consideration has been given to the specification of absorbed dose in water instead of the original recommendation of absorbed dose in tissue. This supplement summarises the basic recommendations of the original Code of Practice and incorporates the new stopping power data for dose specification in water.
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Code of Practice for clinical proton dosimetry
Radiotherapy and Oncology, 1991Co-Authors: Stefaan Vynckier, D E Bonnett, Dan T L JonesAbstract:Abstract The objective of this document is to make recommendations for the determination of absorbed dose to tissue for clinical proton beams and to achieve uniformity in proton dosimetry. A Code of Practice has been chosen, providing specific guidelines for the choice of the detector and the method of determination of absorbed dose for proton beams only. This Code of Practice is confined specifically to the determination of absorbed dose and is not concerned with the biological effects of proton beams. It is recommended that dosimeters be calibrated by comparison with a calorimeter. If this is not available, a Faraday cup, or alternatively, an ionization chamber, with a 60 Co calibration factor should be used. Physical parameters for determining the dose from tissue-equivalent ionization chamber measurements are given together with a worksheet. It is recommended that calibrations be carried out in water at the centre of the spread-out-Bragg-peak and that dose distributions be measured in a water phantom. It is estimated that the error in the calibrations will be less than ± 5% (1 S.D.) in all cases. Adoption and implementation of this Code of Practice will facilitate the exchange of clinical information.
P. Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bscc Code of Practice fine needle aspiration cytology
Cytopathology, 2009Co-Authors: G Kocjan, Tim Giles, A Herbert, K. Denton, P Cross, Denis Remedios, Ashish Chandra, Peter A Smith, P. WilsonAbstract:BSCC Code of Practice - fine needle aspiration cytologyThe British Society for Clinical Cytology Code of Practice on fine needle aspiration cytology complements that on exfoliative cytopathology, which was published in the last issue (Cytopathology 2009;20:211-23). Both have been prepared with wide consultation within and outside the BSCC and have been endorsed by the Royal College of Pathologists. A separate Code of Practice for gynaecological cytopathology is in preparation. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an accepted first line investigation for mass lesions, which may be targeted by palpation or a variety of imaging methods. Although FNA cytology has been shown to be a cost-effective, reliable technique its accurate interpretation depends on obtaining adequately cellular samples prepared to a high standard. Its accuracy and cost-effectiveness can be seriously compromised by inadequate samples. Although cytopathologists, radiologists, nurses or clinicians may take FNAs, they must be adequately trained, experienced and subject to regular audit. The best results are obtained when a pathologist or an experienced and trained biomedical scientist (cytotechnologist) provides immediate on-site assessment of sample adequacy whether or not the FNA requires image-guidance. This COP provides evidence-based recommendations for setting up FNA services, managing the patients, taking the samples, preparing the slides, collecting material for ancillary tests, providing rapid on-site assessment, classifying the diagnosis and providing a final report. Costs, cost-effectiveness and rare complications are taken into account as well as the time and resources required for quality control, audit and correlation of cytology with histology and outcome. Laboratories are expected to have an effective quality management system conforming to the requirements of a recognised accreditation scheme such as Clinical Pathology Accreditation (UK) Ltd.
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BSCC Code of Practice - Fine needle aspiration cytology
Cytopathology, 2009Co-Authors: G. Ocjan, Tim Giles, A Herbert, K. Denton, Abha Chandra, P Cross, Denis Remedios, P Smith, P. WilsonAbstract:G. Kocjan, A. Chandra, P. Cross, K. Denton, T. Giles, A. Herbert, P. Smith, D. Remedios and P. Wilson BSCC Code of Practice - fine needle aspiration cytology The British Society for Clinical Cytology Code of Practice on fine needle aspiration cytology complements that on exfoliative cytopathology, which was published in the last issue (Cytopathology 2009;20:211-23). Both have been prepared with wide consultation within and outside the BSCC and have been endorsed by the Royal College of Pathologists. A separate Code of Practice for gynaecological cytopathology is in preparation. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an accepted first line investigation for mass lesions, which may be targeted by palpation or a variety of imaging methods. Although FNA cytology has been shown to be a cost-effective, reliable technique its accurate interpretation depends on obtaining adequately cellular samples prepared to a high standard. Its accuracy and cost-effectiveness can be seriously compromised by inadequate samples. Although cytopathologists, radiologists, nurses or clinicians may take FNAs, they must be adequately trained, experienced and subject to regular audit. The best results are obtained when a pathologist or an experienced and trained biomedical scientist (cytotechnologist) provides immediate on-site assessment of sample adequacy whether or not the FNA requires image-guidance. This COP provides evidence-based recommendations for setting up FNA services, managing the patients, taking the samples, preparing the slides, collecting material for ancillary tests, providing rapid on-site assessment, classifying the diagnosis and providing a final report. Costs, cost-effectiveness and rare complications are taken into account as well as the time and resources required for quality control, audit and correlation of cytology with histology and outcome. Laboratories are expected to have an effective quality management system conforming to the requirements of a recognised accreditation scheme such as Clinical Pathology Accreditation (UK) Ltd. (copyright) 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Esther Shainblum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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who Code of Practice on the international recruitment of health personnel
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2008Co-Authors: Manuel Dayrit, Alynn Taylor, Jeanmarc Braichet, Pascal Zurn, Esther ShainblumAbstract:The numbers of migrating health workers have increased significantly over the past few decades and patterns of global migration have become more complex as increasing demand for health workers in the world’s wealthiest countries has resulted in large numbers of health workers migrating from lower-income countries to work in higher-income countries.1 Health worker migration is contributing to severe shortages of trained health workers in the lower-income countries and areas of greatest need, thereby weakening health systems that are already fragile in many countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. International health workforce migration is an extraordinary and multifaceted public health challenge. While health workers have the human right to migrate to countries that wish to employ them and destination countries can appropriately strengthen their health systems by employing foreign health workers, large-scale migration can have a devastating impact on the health systems of source countries. In addition, widespread concerns have been increasingly raised about unethical and unfair recruitment Practices. In response to this evolving global health challenge, Member States of WHO adopted resolution WHA 57.19 at the World Health Assembly in May 2004 mandating that the WHO Director-General develop a Code of Practice on the international recruitment of health personnel in consultation with WHO Member States and all relevant partners. This historic resolution authorizing the elaboration of the proposed Code, marks the first time that WHO has used its constitutional authority to develop a non-binding Code to be adopted by the World Health Assembly since the 1980 International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes. On 1 September 2008, the WHO secretariat published the first draft of the Code for consideration and comment by Member States and other stakeholders. The initial draft Code was built on existing regional and bilateral agreements, memoranda of understanding, and national and regional Codes of Practice, as well as the web-based multistakeholder global dialogue and the collaborative work of the Health Worker Migration Policy Initiative and the Global Forum on Human Resources for Health, organized by the Global Health Workforce Alliance. Web-based hearings on the draft Code were held through to 30 September 2008. This initiative provides an opportunity for Member States, health workers, recruiters, employers, academic and research institutions, health professional organizations, relevant sub-regional, regional and international organizations, whether governmental or nongovernmental, and all persons concerned with the international recruitment of health personnel to consider and comment on the draft Code. Input received during the course of these web-based public hearings will contribute to developing a revised draft Code of Practice on the international recruitment of health personnel. The WHO Code of Practice is expected to be an important new instrument in the global response to the health worker migration issue. Designed to be global in scope, it is directed towards all persons concerned with the international recruitment of health personnel, including WHO Member States as well as health workers, recruiters, employers and civil society. Prior to the initiation of the proposed WHO Code, several Codes of Practice on health worker migration were adopted over the previous decade at the national and regional level. However, there is no existing legal instrument with global coverage applicable to both source and destination countries. The proposed WHO Code of Practice would, therefore, be unique in scope and contribute new and vital guidance on the international recruitment of health personnel. The draft Code sets out guiding principles and voluntary international standards for recruitment of health workers, to increase the consistency of national policies and discourage unethical Practices, while promoting an equitable balance of interests among health workers, source countries and destination countries. Consistent with contemporary international legal Practice, the initial draft of the Code also aims to establish an international procedural structure to foster national dialogue, commitment and action on health worker migration. Importantly, this first draft does not aim to comprehensively address and resolve all of the complex substantive issues raised by the international recruitment of health personnel. Rather, the text was purposefully kept brief. The goal of the first draft is to provide a straightforward framework and platform on which to launch negotiations. WHO Member States may potentially consider and elaborate more detailed national and international commitments in the final version of the Code or in future international instruments. Although the final text will technically be a non-binding international instrument, the proposed Code may provide a significant first step towards the development of an effective framework for national and international cooperation to maximize the benefits, and mitigate the potential negative impacts, of international health worker migration on countries and to safeguard the rights of migrant health workers. ■