The Experts below are selected from a list of 120 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
H. Haider - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Finite element analysis (FEA) as a model to predict effects of farriery on the equine hoof
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2001Co-Authors: C. Hinterhofer, Christian Stanek, H. HaiderAbstract:Summary A finite element (FE) hoof capsule was built as a small, symmetrical forelimb hoof on IDEAS* as a model for calculation and visualisation of stress and displacement of the equine hoof capsule. The model's loading was performed according to the suspension of the Coffin Bone within the hoof wall (pulling force) and over the sole and frog (compressing force) with a total of 3000 N. Restraints of the model's ground nodes and surface wall nodes were defined for simulation of 4 shoeing situations: a regular horseshoe, a horseshoe with a toe clip, a horseshoe with regular side clips and a horseshoe with a toe clip and more caudally-placed side clips, all fixed to the hoof capsule with 3 nails on each side and each calculated in a tense and a loose nailed condition. Von Mises stresses were taken ranging from 1.22 N/mm2 in the weighthearing border of the side clip shoe fixed loosely to the capsule up to 16.67 N/mm2 in the hoof horn material surrounding the third nail. Further high stress zones were calculated in the proximal dorsal wall, the distal heel and the lateral hoof wall. Displacement values were taken showing movements of hoof wall, sole and frog according to the shoeing conditions. Maximal displacement was calculated in the hoof capsule shod with a regular horseshoe without a clip. Minimal displacement was found in the capsule with a toe clip and 2 side clips placed behind the 3rd nail. All models showed higher displacements when calculated with a loose nail fixation. Validation of the detailed features of the models is not yet possible. Finite element analysis (FEA) can be used practically to predict influences of various farrier techniques on the equine hoof in order to avoid possible harm to horses' feet in field studies.
-
The effect of flat horseshoes, raised heels and lowered heels on the biomechanics of the equine hoof assessed by finite element analysis (FEA).
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A-physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Ch. Hinterhofer, Ch. Stanek, H. HaiderAbstract:The biomechanical effects of lowering and raising the heels were studied using a finite element (FE) computer model of the equine hoof capsule consisting of 18,635 finite elements. A static load of 3000 N was distributed to nodes of the inner hoof wall (80%) according to the suspension of the Coffin Bone, 20% loaded sole and frog. When loaded the FE hoof capsules showed the following deformations: the proximal dorsal wall moves back, the quarters flare to the side and sole and frog perform a downward movement. Stresses are high in the material surrounding the quarter nails, in the heels and in the proximal dorsal wall. Three types of horseshoes were simulated, a regular shoe with flat branches, a shoe with 5 degrees raised heels and a shoe with 5 degrees lowered heels. Raising the heels resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) low stress and displacement values. The lowered heels model calculated highest stress and displacement values and the results of the FE model with the regular horseshoe were found in between.
Klaus-dieter Budras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Anatomy of the Horse
2012Co-Authors: Klaus-dieter Budras, W. O. Sack, Sabine Rock, Aaron Horowitz, Rolf BergAbstract:Preface Skin The external Skin (common integument) Thoracic Limb The Skeleton of the Thoracic Limb Topography of the Thoracic Limb (Nerves and Muscles) Cutaneous Innervation, Blood Vessels, and Lymphatic Structures of the Thoracic Limb Vessels, Nerves, and Deep Fascia of Carpus, Metacarpus, and Digit The passive Stay-apparatus of the Thoracic Limb Synovial Structures of the Thoracic Limb Pelvic Limb The Skeleton of the Pelvic Limb Topography of the Pelvic Limb (Nerves and Muscles) Skin Innervation, Blood, Vessels, and Lymphatics of the Pelvic Limb Vessels, Nerves, and deep Fascia of Tarsus, Metatarsus, and Digit Passive Stay-Apparatus of the Hindlimb, also Hoof and Contents The Hoof (Ungula) Suspensory Apparatus of the Coffin Bone (Distal Phalanx), Vessels and Nerves of the Hoof Synovial Structures of the Pelvic Limb Head Skull and Dentition Skull with Teeth and Paranasal Sinuses Supf. Veins of the Head, Facial nerve (VII) and Muscles supplied by the Facial Nerve Trigeminal Nerve (V-3 and V-2), Muscles of Mastication, Salivary Glands, and Lymphatic Structures Adnexa of the Eye The Eye Nose and Nasal Cavity, Mouth and Tongue Pharynx, Guttural Pouch and Larynx Larynx and Laryngeal Muscles Head-Neck Junction and Ear The Central Nervous System The Brain The Spinal Cord Axial Skeleton and Neck Vertebral Column with Thorax and Nuchal Ligament Neck and Thoracic Wall Deep Shoulder-Girdle Muscles, the Muscles of the ventral Part of the Neck and the visceral Space they enclose Thoracic Cavity Thoracic Wall, Respiratory Muscles, Lungs, and Lymphatic Structures Heart and Thymus Abdominal Wall and Cavity The Abdominal Wall Topography of the Abdominal Organs and Their Relation to the Abdominal Wall Spleen, Liver and Bile Duct, Pancreas, and Stomach with Omenta Intestines Pelvis, Inguinal Region, and Urogenital Organs Bony Pelvis with Sacrosciatic Ligament, Supf. Inguinal Structures Inguinal Area Prepubic Tendon, Inguinal Canal of the Mare, Nerves of the Lumbar Plexus, Hypaxial Lumbar Muscles, and Udder Lymphatics, Adrenal Glands, and Urinary Organs Arteries, Veins, and Nerves of the Pelvic Cavity Female Reproductive Organs Male Reproductive Organs Perineum, Pelvic Diaphragm, and Tail Selected Body Systems in Tabular Form Muscles Lymphatic Structures Peripheral Nervous System Cranial Nerves Contributions to Clinical-Functional Anatomy List of References Index
-
The Coffin Bone with periosteum and insertion zone of the suspensory apparatus
Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift, 1997Co-Authors: Klaus-dieter Budras, H. Bragulla, R. Pellmann, Sven ReeseAbstract:The Coffin Bone is fixed to the hoof capsule by a particular suspensory apparatus. That is attached with its fibrocatilaginous insertion zone on the parietal surface of the Coffin hone. During growth of the CoffinBone, osseous lamellae are formed by indirect ossification, as calcified fibrocartilage is replaced by lamellar Bone. The periosteum on theparietal surface of the Coffin Bone is confined to the grooves between the osseous lamellae. The meanings of periosteum and of the insertion zone of the suspensory apparatus for growth and healing of fractures of the Coffin Bone are explained.
-
Computertomographic study on the equine hoof affected by laminitis
1997Co-Authors: Sven Reese, Klaus-dieter Budras, H. Bragulla, B. Huskamp, S. PetzoldtAbstract:Laminitis is an extremely painful condition which requires intensive andoften long-term treatment, Even after months or years of therapy theoutcome might still be unfavourable, the condition prooving to beincurable. Considering the economical questions and the severe welfareconsequences caused by this problem the importance of a reliableprognosis becomes evident. The Coffin Bone is suspended in the hoofcapsule. The bond between the Coffin Bone and the wall of the hoofcapsule is established by the suspensory apparatus of the Coffin Bone.Laminitis is the most important disease of this apparatus. X-ray andultrasonography have turned out to be insufficient in visualising thesuspensory apparatus of the Coffin Bone. In computertomography howeverpathological changes can be localized and demonstrated in great detail.On ct-scans of healthy hooves two zones of the suspensory apparatus canbe distinguished: A section of low radiographic density adjacent to theCoffin Bone and a section of higher radiographic density in theperiphery. The sections are separated by a distinct line levelling withthe border of the basal third of the horny lamellae. In light cases oflaminitis this line is blurred. Chronic laminitis is accompanied byexcessive production of cap horn in the wall segment (scar horn inclinical terms) represented by a line of lower radiographic density inthe ct-scan. In severe cases of chronic laminitis necrosis of thelamellar apparatus and production of new lamellae can be observed in thescan. Reactive changes in structure (atrophy, sclerosis) and contour(exostosis) of the Coffin Bone are frequent consequences of chroniclaminitis. Localisation and extension of these alterations are importantcriteria for prognosis and can be assessed in the ct-scan. In comparisonto conventional radiography, computertomography holds fundamentaladvantages. Type, severity and extension of pathological changes in thesuspensory apparatus of the Coffin Bone can be diagnosed clearly.Reactive changes of the Coffin Bone can be assessed. In conclusion dataobtained by the technique of computertomography offer valuableinformation for prognosis and treatment strategy of laminitis.
C. Hinterhofer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Finite element analysis (FEA) as a model to predict effects of farriery on the equine hoof
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2001Co-Authors: C. Hinterhofer, Christian Stanek, H. HaiderAbstract:Summary A finite element (FE) hoof capsule was built as a small, symmetrical forelimb hoof on IDEAS* as a model for calculation and visualisation of stress and displacement of the equine hoof capsule. The model's loading was performed according to the suspension of the Coffin Bone within the hoof wall (pulling force) and over the sole and frog (compressing force) with a total of 3000 N. Restraints of the model's ground nodes and surface wall nodes were defined for simulation of 4 shoeing situations: a regular horseshoe, a horseshoe with a toe clip, a horseshoe with regular side clips and a horseshoe with a toe clip and more caudally-placed side clips, all fixed to the hoof capsule with 3 nails on each side and each calculated in a tense and a loose nailed condition. Von Mises stresses were taken ranging from 1.22 N/mm2 in the weighthearing border of the side clip shoe fixed loosely to the capsule up to 16.67 N/mm2 in the hoof horn material surrounding the third nail. Further high stress zones were calculated in the proximal dorsal wall, the distal heel and the lateral hoof wall. Displacement values were taken showing movements of hoof wall, sole and frog according to the shoeing conditions. Maximal displacement was calculated in the hoof capsule shod with a regular horseshoe without a clip. Minimal displacement was found in the capsule with a toe clip and 2 side clips placed behind the 3rd nail. All models showed higher displacements when calculated with a loose nail fixation. Validation of the detailed features of the models is not yet possible. Finite element analysis (FEA) can be used practically to predict influences of various farrier techniques on the equine hoof in order to avoid possible harm to horses' feet in field studies.
Sven Reese - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The Coffin Bone with periosteum and insertion zone of the suspensory apparatus
Wiener Tierarztliche Monatsschrift, 1997Co-Authors: Klaus-dieter Budras, H. Bragulla, R. Pellmann, Sven ReeseAbstract:The Coffin Bone is fixed to the hoof capsule by a particular suspensory apparatus. That is attached with its fibrocatilaginous insertion zone on the parietal surface of the Coffin hone. During growth of the CoffinBone, osseous lamellae are formed by indirect ossification, as calcified fibrocartilage is replaced by lamellar Bone. The periosteum on theparietal surface of the Coffin Bone is confined to the grooves between the osseous lamellae. The meanings of periosteum and of the insertion zone of the suspensory apparatus for growth and healing of fractures of the Coffin Bone are explained.
-
Computertomographic study on the equine hoof affected by laminitis
1997Co-Authors: Sven Reese, Klaus-dieter Budras, H. Bragulla, B. Huskamp, S. PetzoldtAbstract:Laminitis is an extremely painful condition which requires intensive andoften long-term treatment, Even after months or years of therapy theoutcome might still be unfavourable, the condition prooving to beincurable. Considering the economical questions and the severe welfareconsequences caused by this problem the importance of a reliableprognosis becomes evident. The Coffin Bone is suspended in the hoofcapsule. The bond between the Coffin Bone and the wall of the hoofcapsule is established by the suspensory apparatus of the Coffin Bone.Laminitis is the most important disease of this apparatus. X-ray andultrasonography have turned out to be insufficient in visualising thesuspensory apparatus of the Coffin Bone. In computertomography howeverpathological changes can be localized and demonstrated in great detail.On ct-scans of healthy hooves two zones of the suspensory apparatus canbe distinguished: A section of low radiographic density adjacent to theCoffin Bone and a section of higher radiographic density in theperiphery. The sections are separated by a distinct line levelling withthe border of the basal third of the horny lamellae. In light cases oflaminitis this line is blurred. Chronic laminitis is accompanied byexcessive production of cap horn in the wall segment (scar horn inclinical terms) represented by a line of lower radiographic density inthe ct-scan. In severe cases of chronic laminitis necrosis of thelamellar apparatus and production of new lamellae can be observed in thescan. Reactive changes in structure (atrophy, sclerosis) and contour(exostosis) of the Coffin Bone are frequent consequences of chroniclaminitis. Localisation and extension of these alterations are importantcriteria for prognosis and can be assessed in the ct-scan. In comparisonto conventional radiography, computertomography holds fundamentaladvantages. Type, severity and extension of pathological changes in thesuspensory apparatus of the Coffin Bone can be diagnosed clearly.Reactive changes of the Coffin Bone can be assessed. In conclusion dataobtained by the technique of computertomography offer valuableinformation for prognosis and treatment strategy of laminitis.
Marco-maximilian Schwan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Quantitative assessment of nuclear Bone scans using the “region of interest” technique as applied to the navicular Bone and insertion of the deep digital flexor tendon regions in the distal phalanx of the horse
2005Co-Authors: Marco-maximilian SchwanAbstract:Introduction: The use of Bone scan images of the distal equine limb allows for the comparison of differences of radiopharmaceutical uptake between the contralateral limbs for diagnostic purposes. In order to quantitate and compare the density of the radiopharmaceutical in each of the limbs, uptake from the so-called region of interest to that of a region of reference in the same leg can be compared. The objective of this study was to assess the ratios for increased uptake in the navicular Bone and the area of insertion of the deep digital flexor tendon to the Coffin Bone. Material and methods: The study was performed retrospectively on 53 horses. The essential requirement was a positive response to the palmar digital nerve block on the lame forelimb. The palmar and lateral scintigraphic views were assessed quantitatively using regions of interest. The results were analysed statistically using discriminant analysis. The degree of lameness and radiological changes of the diseased animals were documented and compared to the results of the ratio of uptake. Results: The results of this study indicate some reference areas in each region. The areas will be described and recommend as a reference points.