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Jeroan J Allison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early childhood undernutrition preadolescent physical growth and Cognitive Achievement in india a population based cohort study
PLOS Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Apurv Soni, Nisha Fahey, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jean A Frazier, Tiffany Moore A Simas, Somashekhar M Nimbalkar, Jeroan J AllisonAbstract:BACKGROUND There is a lack of nationally representative estimates for the consequences of early childhood undernutrition on preadolescent outcomes in India. Understanding this relationship is helpful to develop interventions that not only prevent child undernutrition but also mitigate its consequences. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this cohort study, we analyzed prospectively gathered data from 2 waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) to investigate the association of undernutrition during early childhood (0 to 5 years) in 2004 to 2005 with physical and Cognitive outcomes during preadolescent (8 to 11 years) years in 2011 to 2012. These surveys interviewed 41,554 households across all 33 states and union territories in India in 2004 to 2005 and reinterviewed 83% of the households in 2011 to 2012. Primary exposure was assessed using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) based on 2004 to 2005 survey. Primary outcomes were short stature (height-for-age z-score [HAZ] <-2), thinness (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2), reading, and arithmetic skills during preadolescence based on the 2011 to 2012 survey. Survey-weighted generalized linear models were used, and effect modification based on child sex and sociodemographic variables were evaluated using 3-way interaction terms. Of the 7,868 children included in this analysis, 4,334 (57.3%) were undernourished. Being undernourished was associated with increased odds of short stature (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45 to 2.06) and thinness (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.73) during the preadolescent period, while it was associated with decreased odds of achieving a higher reading (cumulative odds ratio [cumOR]: 0.76, 0.66 to 0.87) and arithmetic (cumOR: 0.72, 0.63 to 0.82) outcomes. The disparity in outcomes based on CIAF increased with age, especially for female children. Increased level of female education within the household reduced the disadvantages of undernutrition among female children. Study limitations include observational and missing data, which limit our ability to draw strong causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that early child undernutrition was associated with several adverse preadolescent physical and Cognitive outcomes, especially among female children. Improved female education mitigates this association. Female education promotion should assume a central role in Indian public health policy making.
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the effect of early childhood undernutrition on pre adolescent physical growth and Cognitive Achievement results from india s first nationally representative panel dataset
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Apurv Soni, Nisha Fahey, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jean A Frazier, Tiffany Moore A Simas, Somashekhar M Nimbalkar, Jeroan J AllisonAbstract:Background: There is a lack of nationally representative estimates for the consequences of early child undernutrition on pre-adolescent outcomes in India. Understanding this relationship is helpful to develop interventions that not only prevent child undernutrition but also mitigate its consequences. Methods: Data from two waves of India Human Development, a nationally representative panel survey dataset was used to identify 7,868 children who were assessed for undernutrition during early childhood (0-5 years) in 2004-05 and later re-interviewed during their pre-adolescent (8-11 years) years in 2011-12. Early childhood undernutrition was assessed using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Short stature (height-for-age z <-2), thinness (BMI <18·5 kg/m2), reading, and arithmetic skills during pre-adolescence were considered as outcomes. We used survey-weighted generalized linear models to determine the association between child undernutrition and pre-adolescent outcomes. We assessed differences in this association based on child sex and sociodemographic variables using three-way interaction terms. Results: CIAF increased the odds of short stature and thinness in the pre-adolescent period by 73% and 52%, respectively, while it decreased the odds of achieving a higher reading and arithmetic score by 20%. The disparity in outcomes based on CIAF increased with age, especially for girls. Increased level of female education within the household reduced the disadvantages of undernutrition among female children. Discussion: Early child undernutrition is associated with several adverse pre-adolescent physical and Cognitive outcomes, especially among female children. Improved female education can mitigate these consequences. Female education promotion should assume a central role in Indian public health policy-making. Funding Statement: AS received support from the National Institute of General Medical Science (T32GM107000), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (TL1-TR001454) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1F30HD091975-03). TMS received support from the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (5U01DP006093-04). JA received support from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60-MD006912-05). JAF received support from the National Institute of Health (R01 HD092374-03), and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (UH3OD023348-03). Declaration of Interests: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Dr. Frazier has had research support from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fulcrum Therapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, and has served as a consultant for Takeda Pharmaceuticals. However, these activities were not related to the research contained in this manuscript. Ethics Approval Statement: The IRB at the University of Massachusetts Medical School reviewed the protocol and exempted it from full committee review because the publicly available data contained no personal identifiable information on survey participants.
Arjun S Bedi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of a cash transfer program on Cognitive Achievement the bono de desarrollo humano of ecuador
Economics of Education Review, 2010Co-Authors: Juan Ponce, Arjun S BediAbstract:Abstract Throughout Latin America, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs play an important role in social policy. These programs aim to influence the accumulation of human capital, as well as reduce poverty. In terms of educational outcomes, a number of impact evaluation studies have shown that such programs have led to an increase in school enrollment, ensured regular school attendance and led to a reduction in child labor. Theoretically, such cash transfer programs may also be expected to exert a positive impact on students’ test scores, but related empirical evidence is scarce. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the impact of a cash transfer program, the Bono de Desarrollo Humano of Ecuador, on students’ Cognitive Achievements. The paper uses a regression discontinuity strategy to identify the impact of the program on second grade Cognitive Achievement. Regardless of the specification and sample used, we find no impact of the program on test scores, suggesting that attempts at building human capital, as measured by Cognitive Achievement, require additional and alternative interventions.
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the impact of a cash transfer program on Cognitive Achievement the bono de desarrollo humano of ecuador
Research Papers in Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Juan Ponce, Arjun S BediAbstract:Throughout Latin America, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs play an important role in social policy. These programs aim to influence the accumulation of human capital, as well as reduce poverty. In terms of educational outcomes, a number of impact evaluation studies have shown that such programs have led to an increase in school enrollment, ensured regular school attendance and led to a reduction in child labor. Theoretically, such cash transfer programs may also be expected to exert a positive impact on students’ test scores, but related empirical evidence is scarce. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the impact of a cash transfer program, the Bono de Desarrollo Humano of Ecuador, on students’ Cognitive Achievements. The paper uses a regression discontinuity strategy to identify the impact of the program on second grade Cognitive Achievement. Regardless of the specification and the sample used, we find that there is no impact of the program on test scores, suggesting that attempts at building human capital, as measured by Cognitive Achievement, require additional and alternative interventions.
Apurv Soni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early childhood undernutrition preadolescent physical growth and Cognitive Achievement in india a population based cohort study
PLOS Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Apurv Soni, Nisha Fahey, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jean A Frazier, Tiffany Moore A Simas, Somashekhar M Nimbalkar, Jeroan J AllisonAbstract:BACKGROUND There is a lack of nationally representative estimates for the consequences of early childhood undernutrition on preadolescent outcomes in India. Understanding this relationship is helpful to develop interventions that not only prevent child undernutrition but also mitigate its consequences. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this cohort study, we analyzed prospectively gathered data from 2 waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) to investigate the association of undernutrition during early childhood (0 to 5 years) in 2004 to 2005 with physical and Cognitive outcomes during preadolescent (8 to 11 years) years in 2011 to 2012. These surveys interviewed 41,554 households across all 33 states and union territories in India in 2004 to 2005 and reinterviewed 83% of the households in 2011 to 2012. Primary exposure was assessed using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) based on 2004 to 2005 survey. Primary outcomes were short stature (height-for-age z-score [HAZ] <-2), thinness (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2), reading, and arithmetic skills during preadolescence based on the 2011 to 2012 survey. Survey-weighted generalized linear models were used, and effect modification based on child sex and sociodemographic variables were evaluated using 3-way interaction terms. Of the 7,868 children included in this analysis, 4,334 (57.3%) were undernourished. Being undernourished was associated with increased odds of short stature (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45 to 2.06) and thinness (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.73) during the preadolescent period, while it was associated with decreased odds of achieving a higher reading (cumulative odds ratio [cumOR]: 0.76, 0.66 to 0.87) and arithmetic (cumOR: 0.72, 0.63 to 0.82) outcomes. The disparity in outcomes based on CIAF increased with age, especially for female children. Increased level of female education within the household reduced the disadvantages of undernutrition among female children. Study limitations include observational and missing data, which limit our ability to draw strong causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that early child undernutrition was associated with several adverse preadolescent physical and Cognitive outcomes, especially among female children. Improved female education mitigates this association. Female education promotion should assume a central role in Indian public health policy making.
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the effect of early childhood undernutrition on pre adolescent physical growth and Cognitive Achievement results from india s first nationally representative panel dataset
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Apurv Soni, Nisha Fahey, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jean A Frazier, Tiffany Moore A Simas, Somashekhar M Nimbalkar, Jeroan J AllisonAbstract:Background: There is a lack of nationally representative estimates for the consequences of early child undernutrition on pre-adolescent outcomes in India. Understanding this relationship is helpful to develop interventions that not only prevent child undernutrition but also mitigate its consequences. Methods: Data from two waves of India Human Development, a nationally representative panel survey dataset was used to identify 7,868 children who were assessed for undernutrition during early childhood (0-5 years) in 2004-05 and later re-interviewed during their pre-adolescent (8-11 years) years in 2011-12. Early childhood undernutrition was assessed using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Short stature (height-for-age z <-2), thinness (BMI <18·5 kg/m2), reading, and arithmetic skills during pre-adolescence were considered as outcomes. We used survey-weighted generalized linear models to determine the association between child undernutrition and pre-adolescent outcomes. We assessed differences in this association based on child sex and sociodemographic variables using three-way interaction terms. Results: CIAF increased the odds of short stature and thinness in the pre-adolescent period by 73% and 52%, respectively, while it decreased the odds of achieving a higher reading and arithmetic score by 20%. The disparity in outcomes based on CIAF increased with age, especially for girls. Increased level of female education within the household reduced the disadvantages of undernutrition among female children. Discussion: Early child undernutrition is associated with several adverse pre-adolescent physical and Cognitive outcomes, especially among female children. Improved female education can mitigate these consequences. Female education promotion should assume a central role in Indian public health policy-making. Funding Statement: AS received support from the National Institute of General Medical Science (T32GM107000), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (TL1-TR001454) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1F30HD091975-03). TMS received support from the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (5U01DP006093-04). JA received support from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60-MD006912-05). JAF received support from the National Institute of Health (R01 HD092374-03), and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (UH3OD023348-03). Declaration of Interests: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Dr. Frazier has had research support from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fulcrum Therapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, and has served as a consultant for Takeda Pharmaceuticals. However, these activities were not related to the research contained in this manuscript. Ethics Approval Statement: The IRB at the University of Massachusetts Medical School reviewed the protocol and exempted it from full committee review because the publicly available data contained no personal identifiable information on survey participants.
Juan Ponce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of a cash transfer program on Cognitive Achievement the bono de desarrollo humano of ecuador
Economics of Education Review, 2010Co-Authors: Juan Ponce, Arjun S BediAbstract:Abstract Throughout Latin America, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs play an important role in social policy. These programs aim to influence the accumulation of human capital, as well as reduce poverty. In terms of educational outcomes, a number of impact evaluation studies have shown that such programs have led to an increase in school enrollment, ensured regular school attendance and led to a reduction in child labor. Theoretically, such cash transfer programs may also be expected to exert a positive impact on students’ test scores, but related empirical evidence is scarce. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the impact of a cash transfer program, the Bono de Desarrollo Humano of Ecuador, on students’ Cognitive Achievements. The paper uses a regression discontinuity strategy to identify the impact of the program on second grade Cognitive Achievement. Regardless of the specification and sample used, we find no impact of the program on test scores, suggesting that attempts at building human capital, as measured by Cognitive Achievement, require additional and alternative interventions.
-
the impact of a cash transfer program on Cognitive Achievement the bono de desarrollo humano of ecuador
Research Papers in Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Juan Ponce, Arjun S BediAbstract:Throughout Latin America, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs play an important role in social policy. These programs aim to influence the accumulation of human capital, as well as reduce poverty. In terms of educational outcomes, a number of impact evaluation studies have shown that such programs have led to an increase in school enrollment, ensured regular school attendance and led to a reduction in child labor. Theoretically, such cash transfer programs may also be expected to exert a positive impact on students’ test scores, but related empirical evidence is scarce. Accordingly, this paper evaluates the impact of a cash transfer program, the Bono de Desarrollo Humano of Ecuador, on students’ Cognitive Achievements. The paper uses a regression discontinuity strategy to identify the impact of the program on second grade Cognitive Achievement. Regardless of the specification and the sample used, we find that there is no impact of the program on test scores, suggesting that attempts at building human capital, as measured by Cognitive Achievement, require additional and alternative interventions.
Zulfiqar A Bhutta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early childhood undernutrition preadolescent physical growth and Cognitive Achievement in india a population based cohort study
PLOS Medicine, 2021Co-Authors: Apurv Soni, Nisha Fahey, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jean A Frazier, Tiffany Moore A Simas, Somashekhar M Nimbalkar, Jeroan J AllisonAbstract:BACKGROUND There is a lack of nationally representative estimates for the consequences of early childhood undernutrition on preadolescent outcomes in India. Understanding this relationship is helpful to develop interventions that not only prevent child undernutrition but also mitigate its consequences. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this cohort study, we analyzed prospectively gathered data from 2 waves of the India Human Development Survey (IHDS) to investigate the association of undernutrition during early childhood (0 to 5 years) in 2004 to 2005 with physical and Cognitive outcomes during preadolescent (8 to 11 years) years in 2011 to 2012. These surveys interviewed 41,554 households across all 33 states and union territories in India in 2004 to 2005 and reinterviewed 83% of the households in 2011 to 2012. Primary exposure was assessed using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) based on 2004 to 2005 survey. Primary outcomes were short stature (height-for-age z-score [HAZ] <-2), thinness (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2), reading, and arithmetic skills during preadolescence based on the 2011 to 2012 survey. Survey-weighted generalized linear models were used, and effect modification based on child sex and sociodemographic variables were evaluated using 3-way interaction terms. Of the 7,868 children included in this analysis, 4,334 (57.3%) were undernourished. Being undernourished was associated with increased odds of short stature (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45 to 2.06) and thinness (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.73) during the preadolescent period, while it was associated with decreased odds of achieving a higher reading (cumulative odds ratio [cumOR]: 0.76, 0.66 to 0.87) and arithmetic (cumOR: 0.72, 0.63 to 0.82) outcomes. The disparity in outcomes based on CIAF increased with age, especially for female children. Increased level of female education within the household reduced the disadvantages of undernutrition among female children. Study limitations include observational and missing data, which limit our ability to draw strong causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that early child undernutrition was associated with several adverse preadolescent physical and Cognitive outcomes, especially among female children. Improved female education mitigates this association. Female education promotion should assume a central role in Indian public health policy making.
-
the effect of early childhood undernutrition on pre adolescent physical growth and Cognitive Achievement results from india s first nationally representative panel dataset
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Apurv Soni, Nisha Fahey, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Jean A Frazier, Tiffany Moore A Simas, Somashekhar M Nimbalkar, Jeroan J AllisonAbstract:Background: There is a lack of nationally representative estimates for the consequences of early child undernutrition on pre-adolescent outcomes in India. Understanding this relationship is helpful to develop interventions that not only prevent child undernutrition but also mitigate its consequences. Methods: Data from two waves of India Human Development, a nationally representative panel survey dataset was used to identify 7,868 children who were assessed for undernutrition during early childhood (0-5 years) in 2004-05 and later re-interviewed during their pre-adolescent (8-11 years) years in 2011-12. Early childhood undernutrition was assessed using the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). Short stature (height-for-age z <-2), thinness (BMI <18·5 kg/m2), reading, and arithmetic skills during pre-adolescence were considered as outcomes. We used survey-weighted generalized linear models to determine the association between child undernutrition and pre-adolescent outcomes. We assessed differences in this association based on child sex and sociodemographic variables using three-way interaction terms. Results: CIAF increased the odds of short stature and thinness in the pre-adolescent period by 73% and 52%, respectively, while it decreased the odds of achieving a higher reading and arithmetic score by 20%. The disparity in outcomes based on CIAF increased with age, especially for girls. Increased level of female education within the household reduced the disadvantages of undernutrition among female children. Discussion: Early child undernutrition is associated with several adverse pre-adolescent physical and Cognitive outcomes, especially among female children. Improved female education can mitigate these consequences. Female education promotion should assume a central role in Indian public health policy-making. Funding Statement: AS received support from the National Institute of General Medical Science (T32GM107000), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (TL1-TR001454) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1F30HD091975-03). TMS received support from the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (5U01DP006093-04). JA received support from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (P60-MD006912-05). JAF received support from the National Institute of Health (R01 HD092374-03), and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (UH3OD023348-03). Declaration of Interests: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Dr. Frazier has had research support from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Fulcrum Therapeutics, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, and has served as a consultant for Takeda Pharmaceuticals. However, these activities were not related to the research contained in this manuscript. Ethics Approval Statement: The IRB at the University of Massachusetts Medical School reviewed the protocol and exempted it from full committee review because the publicly available data contained no personal identifiable information on survey participants.