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Deborah A. Hall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of a Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Structural Equation Modeling.
Ear and hearing, 2019Co-Authors: Lucy Handscomb, Gillian W Shorter, Derek J. Hoare, Deborah A. HallAbstract:OBJECTIVES There is a great deal of variation in the extent to which people with tinnitus find it distressing, which cannot be explained solely by differences in perceived loudness. The Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress proposes that tinnitus becomes and is maintained as a distressing problem due to a process of interaction between negative thoughts, negative emotions, attention and monitoring, safety behavior, and beliefs. This study used path analysis to assess how well different configurations of this Model fit using questionnaire data obtained from people with tinnitus. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. Three hundred forty-two members of the public with tinnitus volunteered to complete a survey comprising a series of questionnaires and subscales of questionnaires measuring each of the constructs contained within the Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress. The optimum factor structure of each measure for the study population was established, and the resulting factors were used to construct a series of path Models based on the theoretical Model. Path analysis was conducted for each of these, and the goodness of fit of the Models was assessed using established fit criteria. RESULTS Five of the six path Models tested reached the threshold for adequate fit, and further modifications improved the fit of the three most parsimonious of these. The two best-fitting Models had comparable fit indices which approached the criteria for good fit (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.061, Comparative Fit Index = 0.984, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.970 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.055, Comparative Fit Index = 0.993, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.982). They differed principally in the placement of tinnitus magnitude and the inclusion/noninclusion of control beliefs. CONCLUSIONS There are theoretical arguments to support both a beliefs-driven and a loudness-driven Model, and it may be that different configurations of the Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress are more appropriate to different groups of people with tinnitus. Further investigation of this is needed. This notwithstanding, the present study provides empirical support for a Model of tinnitus distress which provides a clinical framework for the development of more effective psychological therapy.
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A scientific Cognitive-Behavioral Model of tinnitus: novel conceptualizations of tinnitus distress
Frontiers in neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Laurence Mckenna, Derek J. Hoare, Le Handscomb, Deborah A. HallAbstract:The importance of psychological factors in tinnitus distress has been formally recognized for almost three decades. The psychological understanding of why tinnitus can be a distressing condition posits that it becomes problematic when it acquires an emotive significance through Cognitive processes. Principle therapeutic efforts are directed at reducing or removing the Cognitive (and Behavioral) obstacles to habituation. Here, the evidence relevant to a new psychological Model of tinnitus is critically reviewed. The Model posits that patients’ interpretations of tinnitus and the changes in behavior that result are given a central role in creating and maintaining distress. The importance of selective attention and the possibility that this leads to distorted perception of tinnitus is highlighted. From this body of evidence, we propose a coherent Cognitive Behavioral Model of tinnitus distress that is more in keeping with contemporary psychological theories of clinical problems (particularly that of insomnia) and which postulates a number of Behavioral processes that are seen as Cognitively mediated. This new Model provides testable hypotheses to guide future research to unravel the complex mechanisms underpinning tinnitus distress. It is also well suited to define individual symptomatology and to provide a framework for the delivery of Cognitive behavior therapy.
Alan G Marlatt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relapse prevention for alcohol and drug problems that was zen this is tao
American Psychologist, 2004Co-Authors: Katie Witkiewitz, Alan G MarlattAbstract:Relapse prevention, based on the Cognitive-Behavioral Model of relapse, has become an adjunct to the treatment of numerous psychological problems, including (but not limited to) substance abuse, depression, sexual offending, and schizophrenia. This article provides an overview of the efficacy and effectiveness of relapse prevention in the treatment of addictive disorders, an update on recent empirical support for the elements of the Cognitive-Behavioral Model of relapse, and a review of the criticisms of relapse prevention. In response to the. criticisms, a reconceptualized Cognitive-Behavioral Model of relapse that focuses on the dynamic interactions between multiple risk factors and situational determinants is proposed. Empirical support for this reconceptualization of relapse, the future of relapse prevention, and the limitations of the new Model are discussed.
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relapse prevention an overview of marlatt s Cognitive Behavioral Model
Alcohol Research & Health, 1999Co-Authors: Mary E. Larimer, Rebekka S. Palmer, Alan G MarlattAbstract:Relapse prevention (RP) is an important component of alcoholism treatment. The RP Model proposed by Marlatt and Gordon suggests that both immediate determinants (e.g., high-risk situations, coping skills, outcome expectancies, and the abstinence violation effect) and covert antecedents (e.g., lifestyle factors and urges and cravings) can contribute to relapse. The RP Model also incorporates numerous specific and global intervention strategies that allow therapist and client to address each step of the relapse process. Specific interventions include identifying specific high-risk situations for each client and enhancing the client's skills for coping with those situations, increasing the client's self-efficacy, eliminating myths regarding alcohol's effects, managing lapses, and restructuring the client's perceptions of the relapse process. Global strategies comprise balancing the client's lifestyle and helping him or her develop positive addictions, employing stimulus control techniques and urge-management techniques, and developing relapse road maps. Several studies have provided theoretical and practical support for the RP Model.
Derek J. Hoare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of a Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Structural Equation Modeling.
Ear and hearing, 2019Co-Authors: Lucy Handscomb, Gillian W Shorter, Derek J. Hoare, Deborah A. HallAbstract:OBJECTIVES There is a great deal of variation in the extent to which people with tinnitus find it distressing, which cannot be explained solely by differences in perceived loudness. The Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress proposes that tinnitus becomes and is maintained as a distressing problem due to a process of interaction between negative thoughts, negative emotions, attention and monitoring, safety behavior, and beliefs. This study used path analysis to assess how well different configurations of this Model fit using questionnaire data obtained from people with tinnitus. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. Three hundred forty-two members of the public with tinnitus volunteered to complete a survey comprising a series of questionnaires and subscales of questionnaires measuring each of the constructs contained within the Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress. The optimum factor structure of each measure for the study population was established, and the resulting factors were used to construct a series of path Models based on the theoretical Model. Path analysis was conducted for each of these, and the goodness of fit of the Models was assessed using established fit criteria. RESULTS Five of the six path Models tested reached the threshold for adequate fit, and further modifications improved the fit of the three most parsimonious of these. The two best-fitting Models had comparable fit indices which approached the criteria for good fit (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.061, Comparative Fit Index = 0.984, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.970 and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.055, Comparative Fit Index = 0.993, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.982). They differed principally in the placement of tinnitus magnitude and the inclusion/noninclusion of control beliefs. CONCLUSIONS There are theoretical arguments to support both a beliefs-driven and a loudness-driven Model, and it may be that different configurations of the Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress are more appropriate to different groups of people with tinnitus. Further investigation of this is needed. This notwithstanding, the present study provides empirical support for a Model of tinnitus distress which provides a clinical framework for the development of more effective psychological therapy.
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A scientific Cognitive-Behavioral Model of tinnitus: novel conceptualizations of tinnitus distress
Frontiers in neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Laurence Mckenna, Derek J. Hoare, Le Handscomb, Deborah A. HallAbstract:The importance of psychological factors in tinnitus distress has been formally recognized for almost three decades. The psychological understanding of why tinnitus can be a distressing condition posits that it becomes problematic when it acquires an emotive significance through Cognitive processes. Principle therapeutic efforts are directed at reducing or removing the Cognitive (and Behavioral) obstacles to habituation. Here, the evidence relevant to a new psychological Model of tinnitus is critically reviewed. The Model posits that patients’ interpretations of tinnitus and the changes in behavior that result are given a central role in creating and maintaining distress. The importance of selective attention and the possibility that this leads to distorted perception of tinnitus is highlighted. From this body of evidence, we propose a coherent Cognitive Behavioral Model of tinnitus distress that is more in keeping with contemporary psychological theories of clinical problems (particularly that of insomnia) and which postulates a number of Behavioral processes that are seen as Cognitively mediated. This new Model provides testable hypotheses to guide future research to unravel the complex mechanisms underpinning tinnitus distress. It is also well suited to define individual symptomatology and to provide a framework for the delivery of Cognitive behavior therapy.
Esther Calvete - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Problematic Internet use and problematic alcohol use from the Cognitive-Behavioral Model: a longitudinal study among adolescents.
Addictive behaviors, 2014Co-Authors: Manuel Gámez-guadix, Izaskun Orue, Esther Calvete, Carlota Las HayasAbstract:Abstract Problematic Internet use (PIU) and problematic alcohol use are two pervasive problems during adolescence that share similar characteristics and predictors. The first objective of this study was to analyze the temporal and reciprocal relationships among the main components of PIU from the Cognitive–Behavioral Model (preference for online social interaction, mood regulation through the Internet, deficient self-regulation, and negative consequences). The second objective was to examine the temporal and reciprocal relationships between PIU components and problematic alcohol use. We also examined whether these relationships differ between males and females. The sample comprised 801 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 14.92, SD = 1.01) who completed the measures both at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) six months apart. We used structural equation Modeling to analyze the relationship among the variables. Results showed that deficient self-regulation at T1 predicted an increase in preference for online interactions, mood regulation, and negative consequences of the Internet at T2. In turn, the emergence of negative consequences of PIU at T1 predicted a rise in problematic alcohol use at T2. Longitudinal relationships between different components of PIU and between the components of PIU and problematic alcohol use were invariant across genders. Deficient self-regulation, consisting of diminished self-control over cognition and behaviors related to the Internet, plays a central role in the maintenance of PIU, increasing the preference for online interactions, mood regulation, and negative consequences from Internet use over time. In turn, adolescents who present negative consequences of PIU are vulnerable targets for problematic alcohol use.
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Evaluation of the Cognitive-Behavioral Model of generalized and problematic Internet use in Spanish adolescents
Psicothema, 2013Co-Authors: Manuel Gámez-guadix, Izaskun Orue, Esther CalveteAbstract:Background: Problematic use of Internet is a growing concern that interferes in the family and academic life of adolescents. This study had three related objectives: 1) to analyze the psychometric properties of the Revised Generalized and Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS2) among Spanish adolescents; 2) to examine the theoretical Cognitive-Behavioral Model of generalized and problematic Internet use; and 3) to study the relationship between the type of Internet use and generalized and problematic Internet use. Method: Participants were 1,021 adolescents in Bizkaia (55.7% girls, mean age = 14.95 years, SD = 1.71). Results: Factor analyses confirmed the internal structure of four factors originally proposed for GPIUS2, called Preference for online social interaction, Mood regulation, Deficient self-regulation, and Negative consequences. Consistent with the theoretical Model, preference for online social interaction and mood regulation increased the likelihood of reporting deficient self-regulation, which, in turn, was associated with negative consequences for the adolescents. Conclusions: The GPIUS2 is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used in adolescent samples. Furthermore, the results support the Cognitive Behavioral Model of problematic Internet use in adolescents.
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Measurement and analysis of the Cognitive-Behavioral Model of generalized problematic internet use among Mexican adolescents.
Journal of adolescence, 2012Co-Authors: Manuel Gámez-guadix, Fabiola I. Villa-george, Esther CalveteAbstract:The objectives of this study were to analyze the psychometric properties of the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (GPIUS2) and to examine the Cognitive-Behavioral theoretical Model of problematic Internet use in a sample of 1491 Mexican adolescents (47.6% female, mean age = 14.51). Results showed that the GPIUS2 has adequate construct and convergent validity and internal consistency. Consistent with the hypotheses put forth by the Cognitive-Behavioral Model, the findings indicate that preference for online social interaction and the use of the Internet for mood regulation increased the probability of reporting deficient self-regulation (i.e., compulsive Internet use and Cognitive preoccupations with Internet use), which, in turn, was significantly associated with negative life outcomes. The fit of the Model was adequate both for males and females, and there were no significant differences between them. Lastly, we discuss the contributions of this research to this field of study.
Richard Meiser-stedman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Towards a Cognitive–Behavioral Model of PTSD in Children and Adolescents
Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2002Co-Authors: Richard Meiser-stedmanAbstract:Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents has been studied only for the past 15–20 years and is the subject of a burgeoning corpus of research. Much research has focused on examining whether children and adolescents have the same responses to trauma as those experienced by adults. Many of the research tools used to investigate children's responses are taken from measures designed for use with adults, and these measures have proven to be useful. However, it has not been established that children's responses to traumatic events are related to the same underlying processes as are adults' responses. The possible application of 2 recent Cognitive Models of PTSD in adults to understanding PTSD in children and adolescents is discussed in this paper, within the context of what is already known about children's reaction to trauma and existing theoretical accounts of childhood PTSD. Particular attention is paid toward the nature of children's memories of traumatic events and how these memories relate to the reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD, and Cognitive processes that may play a role in the maintenance of PTSD. It is proposed that the adoption of a more specific Cognitive–Behavioral framework in the study of this disorder may be beneficial and lead to better treatment outcomes.
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Towards a Cognitive-Behavioral Model of PTSD in children and adolescents.
Clinical child and family psychology review, 2002Co-Authors: Richard Meiser-stedmanAbstract:Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents has been studied only for the past 15-20 years and is the subject of a burgeoning corpus of research. Much research has focused on examining whether children and adolescents have the same responses to trauma as those experienced by adults. Many of the research tools used to investigate children's responses are taken from measures designed for use with adults, and these measures have proven to be useful. However, it has not been established that children's responses to traumatic events are related to the same underlying processes as are adults' responses. The possible application of 2 recent Cognitive Models of PTSD in adults to understanding PTSD in children and adolescents is discussed in this paper, within the context of what is already known about children's reaction to trauma and existing theoretical accounts of childhood PTSD. Particular attention is paid toward the nature of children's memories of traumatic events and how these memories relate to the reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD, and Cognitive processes that may play a role in the maintenance of PTSD. It is proposed that the adoption of a more specific Cognitive-Behavioral framework in the study of this disorder may be beneficial and lead to better treatment outcomes.