The Experts below are selected from a list of 249591 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael G. Marmot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of physical activity on Cognitive Functioning in middle age evidence from the whitehall ii prospective cohort study
American Journal of Public Health, 2005Co-Authors: Archana Singhmanoux, Melvyn Hillsdon, Eric J Brunner, Michael G. MarmotAbstract:Objectives. We examined the association between physical activity and Cognitive Functioning in middle age.Methods. Data were derived from a prospective occupational cohort study of 10308 civil servants aged 35–55 years at baseline (phase 1; 1985–1988). Physical activity level, categorized as low, medium, or high, was assessed at phases 1, 3 (1991–1994), and 5 (1997–1999). Cognitive Functioning was tested at phase 5, when respondents were 46–68 years old.Results. In both prospective (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.30, 2.10) and cross-sectional (OR=1.79; 95% CI=1.38, 2.32) analyses, low levels of physical activity were a risk factor for poor performance on a measure of fluid intelligence. Analyses aimed at assessing cumulative effects (summary of physical activity levels at the 3 time points) showed a graded linear relationship with fluid intelligence, with persistently low levels of physical activity being particularly harmful (OR=2.21; 95% CI=1.37, 3.57).Conclusions. Low levels of ...
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Effects of physical activity on Cognitive Functioning in middle age: Evidence from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study
AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, 2005Co-Authors: Michael G. MarmotAbstract:Objectives: We examined the association between physical activity and Cognitive Functioning in middle age.Methods: Data were derived from a prospective occupational cohort study of 10308 civil servants aged 35-55 years at baseline (phase 1; 1985-1988). Physical activity level, categorized as low, medium, or high, was assessed at phases 1, 3 (1991-1994), and 5 (1997-1999). Cognitive Functioning was tested at phase 5, when respondents were 46-68 years old.Results: In both prospective (odds ratio [OR] = 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30, 2.10) and cross-sectional (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.38, 2.32) analyses, low levels of physical activity were a risk factor for poor performance on a measure of fluid intelligence. Analyses aimed at assessing cumulative effects (summary of physical activity levels at the 3 time points) showed a graded linear relationship with fluid intelligence, with persistently low levels of physical activity being particularly harmful (OR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.37, 3.57).Conclusions: Low levels of physical activity are a risk factor for Cognitive Functioning in middle age, fluid intelligence in particular.
Joel Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mental exercising through simple socializing social interaction promotes general Cognitive Functioning
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2008Co-Authors: Oscar Ybarra, Eugene Burnstein, Melvin Manis, Emily Chan, Piotr Winkielman, Matthew C. Keller, Joel RodriguezAbstract:Social interaction is a central feature of people's life and engages a variety of Cognitive resources. Thus, social interaction should facilitate general Cognitive Functioning. Previous studies suggest such a link, but they used special populations (e.g., elderly with Cognitive impairment), measured social interaction indirectly (e.g., via marital status), and only assessed effects of extended interaction in correlational designs. Here the relation between mental Functioning and direct indicators of social interaction was examined in a younger and healthier population. Study 1 using survey methodology found a positive relationship between social interaction, assessed via amount of actual social contact, and Cognitive Functioning in people from three age groups including younger adults. Study 2 using an experimental design found that a small amount of social interaction (10 min) can facilitate Cognitive performance. The findings are discussed in the context of the benefits social relationships have for so ...
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Mental exercising through simple socializing: Social interaction promotes general Cognitive Functioning
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2008Co-Authors: Oscar Ybarra, Eugene Burnstein, Melvin Manis, Emily Chan, Piotr Winkielman, Matthew C. Keller, Joel RodriguezAbstract:Social interaction is a central feature of people's life and engages a variety of Cognitive resources. Thus, social interaction should facilitate general Cognitive Functioning. Previous studies suggest such a link, but they used special populations (e.g., elderly with Cognitive impairment), measured social interaction indirectly (e.g., via marital status), and only assessed effects of extended interaction in correlational designs. Here the relation between mental Functioning and direct indicators of social interaction was examined in a younger and healthier population. Study 1 using survey methodology found a positive relationship between social interaction, assessed via amount of actual social contact, and Cognitive Functioning in people from three age groups including younger adults. Study 2 using an experimental design found that a small amount of social interaction (10 min) can facilitate Cognitive performance. The findings are discussed in the context of the benefits social relationships have for so many aspects of people's lives.
Brendon Stubbs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of active video games on Cognitive Functioning in clinical and non clinical populations a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Emma Stanmore, Davy Vancampfort, Brendon Stubbs, Eling D De Bruin, Joseph FirthAbstract:Physically-active video games ('exergames') have recently gained popularity for leisure and entertainment purposes. Using exergames to combine physical activity and Cognitively-demanding tasks may offer a novel strategy to improve Cognitive Functioning. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to establish effects of exergames on overall cognition and specific Cognitive domains in clinical and non-clinical populations. We identified 17 eligible RCTs with Cognitive outcome data for 926 participants. Random-effects meta-analyses found exergames significantly improved global cognition (g=0.436, 95% CI=0.18-0.69, p=0.001). Significant effects still existed when excluding waitlist-only controlled studies, and when comparing to physical activity interventions. Furthermore, benefits of exergames where observed for both healthy older adults and clinical populations with conditions associated with neuroCognitive impairments (all p<0.05). Domain-specific analyses found exergames improved executive functions, attentional processing and visuospatial skills. The findings present the first meta-analytic evidence for effects of exergames on cognition. Future research must establish which patient/treatment factors influence efficacy of exergames, and explore neurobiological mechanisms of action.
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aerobic exercise improves Cognitive Functioning in people with schizophrenia a systematic review and meta analysis
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2016Co-Authors: Joseph Firth, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Brendon Stubbs, Simon Rosenbaum, Davy Vancampfort, Berend Malchow, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Rebecca Elliott, Alison R YungAbstract:Cognitive deficits are pervasive among people with schizophrenia and treatment options are limited. There has been an increased interest in the neuroCognitive benefits of exercise, but a comprehensive evaluation of studies to date is lacking. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of all controlled trials investigating the Cognitive outcomes of exercise interventions in schizophrenia. Studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception to April 2016. Meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled effect sizes (Hedges g) and 95% CIs. We identified 10 eligible trials with Cognitive outcome data for 385 patients with schizophrenia. Exercise significantly improved global cognition (g = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.53, P = .001) with no statistical heterogeneity (I-2 = 0%). The effect size in the 7 studies which were randomized controlled trials was g = 0.43 (P < .001). Meta-regression analyses indicated that greater amounts of exercise are associated with larger improvements in global cognition (beta = .005, P = .065). Interventions which were supervised by physical activity professionals were also more effective (g = 0.47, P < .001). Exercise significantly improved the Cognitive domains of working memory (g = 0.39, P = .024, N = 7, n = 282), social cognition (g = 0.71, P = .002, N = 3, n = 81), and attention/vigilance (g = 0.66, P = .005, N = 3, n = 104). Effects on processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory and reasoning and problem solving were not significant. This meta-analysis provides evidence that exercise can improve Cognitive Functioning among people with schizophrenia, particularly from interventions using higher dosages of exercise. Given the challenges in improving cognition, and the wider health benefits of exercise, a greater focus on providing supervised exercise to people with schizophrenia is needed.
Oscar Ybarra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mental exercising through simple socializing social interaction promotes general Cognitive Functioning
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2008Co-Authors: Oscar Ybarra, Eugene Burnstein, Melvin Manis, Emily Chan, Piotr Winkielman, Matthew C. Keller, Joel RodriguezAbstract:Social interaction is a central feature of people's life and engages a variety of Cognitive resources. Thus, social interaction should facilitate general Cognitive Functioning. Previous studies suggest such a link, but they used special populations (e.g., elderly with Cognitive impairment), measured social interaction indirectly (e.g., via marital status), and only assessed effects of extended interaction in correlational designs. Here the relation between mental Functioning and direct indicators of social interaction was examined in a younger and healthier population. Study 1 using survey methodology found a positive relationship between social interaction, assessed via amount of actual social contact, and Cognitive Functioning in people from three age groups including younger adults. Study 2 using an experimental design found that a small amount of social interaction (10 min) can facilitate Cognitive performance. The findings are discussed in the context of the benefits social relationships have for so ...
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Mental exercising through simple socializing: Social interaction promotes general Cognitive Functioning
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2008Co-Authors: Oscar Ybarra, Eugene Burnstein, Melvin Manis, Emily Chan, Piotr Winkielman, Matthew C. Keller, Joel RodriguezAbstract:Social interaction is a central feature of people's life and engages a variety of Cognitive resources. Thus, social interaction should facilitate general Cognitive Functioning. Previous studies suggest such a link, but they used special populations (e.g., elderly with Cognitive impairment), measured social interaction indirectly (e.g., via marital status), and only assessed effects of extended interaction in correlational designs. Here the relation between mental Functioning and direct indicators of social interaction was examined in a younger and healthier population. Study 1 using survey methodology found a positive relationship between social interaction, assessed via amount of actual social contact, and Cognitive Functioning in people from three age groups including younger adults. Study 2 using an experimental design found that a small amount of social interaction (10 min) can facilitate Cognitive performance. The findings are discussed in the context of the benefits social relationships have for so many aspects of people's lives.
Joseph Firth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of active video games on Cognitive Functioning in clinical and non clinical populations a meta analysis of randomized controlled trials
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Emma Stanmore, Davy Vancampfort, Brendon Stubbs, Eling D De Bruin, Joseph FirthAbstract:Physically-active video games ('exergames') have recently gained popularity for leisure and entertainment purposes. Using exergames to combine physical activity and Cognitively-demanding tasks may offer a novel strategy to improve Cognitive Functioning. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to establish effects of exergames on overall cognition and specific Cognitive domains in clinical and non-clinical populations. We identified 17 eligible RCTs with Cognitive outcome data for 926 participants. Random-effects meta-analyses found exergames significantly improved global cognition (g=0.436, 95% CI=0.18-0.69, p=0.001). Significant effects still existed when excluding waitlist-only controlled studies, and when comparing to physical activity interventions. Furthermore, benefits of exergames where observed for both healthy older adults and clinical populations with conditions associated with neuroCognitive impairments (all p<0.05). Domain-specific analyses found exergames improved executive functions, attentional processing and visuospatial skills. The findings present the first meta-analytic evidence for effects of exergames on cognition. Future research must establish which patient/treatment factors influence efficacy of exergames, and explore neurobiological mechanisms of action.
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aerobic exercise improves Cognitive Functioning in people with schizophrenia a systematic review and meta analysis
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2016Co-Authors: Joseph Firth, Keith H. Nuechterlein, Brendon Stubbs, Simon Rosenbaum, Davy Vancampfort, Berend Malchow, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Rebecca Elliott, Alison R YungAbstract:Cognitive deficits are pervasive among people with schizophrenia and treatment options are limited. There has been an increased interest in the neuroCognitive benefits of exercise, but a comprehensive evaluation of studies to date is lacking. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of all controlled trials investigating the Cognitive outcomes of exercise interventions in schizophrenia. Studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception to April 2016. Meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled effect sizes (Hedges g) and 95% CIs. We identified 10 eligible trials with Cognitive outcome data for 385 patients with schizophrenia. Exercise significantly improved global cognition (g = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.53, P = .001) with no statistical heterogeneity (I-2 = 0%). The effect size in the 7 studies which were randomized controlled trials was g = 0.43 (P < .001). Meta-regression analyses indicated that greater amounts of exercise are associated with larger improvements in global cognition (beta = .005, P = .065). Interventions which were supervised by physical activity professionals were also more effective (g = 0.47, P < .001). Exercise significantly improved the Cognitive domains of working memory (g = 0.39, P = .024, N = 7, n = 282), social cognition (g = 0.71, P = .002, N = 3, n = 81), and attention/vigilance (g = 0.66, P = .005, N = 3, n = 104). Effects on processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory and reasoning and problem solving were not significant. This meta-analysis provides evidence that exercise can improve Cognitive Functioning among people with schizophrenia, particularly from interventions using higher dosages of exercise. Given the challenges in improving cognition, and the wider health benefits of exercise, a greater focus on providing supervised exercise to people with schizophrenia is needed.