The Experts below are selected from a list of 422013 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Hermann Brenner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Variants in COMT and spontaneous smoking cessation: retrospective Cohort Analysis of 925 cessation events
    Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Lutz P Breitling, Barbara Nitz, Elke Raum, Norbert Dahmen, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Georg Winterer, Thomas Illig, Dan Rujescu, Hermann Brenner
    Abstract:

    Genome-wide studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with smoking behaviour and nicotine dependence. Less is known about genetic determinants of smoking cessation, but rs4680 in COMT has recently been shown to explain a substantial proportion of the variation in cessation in the general population. We attempted to replicate the reported, clinically relevant effect in a population-based retrospective Cohort Analysis of 1443 ever-heavy smokers, of whom 925 had reached abstinence. In Cox regression models, neither rs4680 nor two polymorphisms nearby were associated with smoking cessation. The adjusted relative cessation rate (95% confidence interval) in rs4680 methionine carriers in reference to valine homozygotes was 0.97 (0.83-1.12). The absence of a significant effect of rs4680 in this statistically well-powered study - the 95% confidence interval even excluding the previously reported effect - highlights the need for rigorous replication efforts and suggests that rs4680 genotype should not yet be considered informative for smoking patient care.

  • A birth Cohort Analysis of the smoking epidemic in
    1993
    Co-Authors: Hermann Brenner
    Abstract:

    Study objective?The aim was to provide insights in the spread of the smoking epi demic and eventual progress against cigarette smoking in West Germany. Design?This was a retrospective birth Cohort Analysis based on a cross sectional national survey. Setting?The survey was conducted in 1987 by the Ministry of Youth, Family and Health in order to identify priorities for health policy and promotion. The target population were all residents of German nationality above the age of 14 years. Study population?1721 men and women

C. K. Y. Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cohort Analysis Technique for Long-Term Manpower Planning: the Case of a Hong Kong Tertiary Institution
    Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1994
    Co-Authors: Sydney C. K. Chu, C. K. Y. Lin
    Abstract:

    This paper considers the problem of long-term manpower planning on the number of teaching staff for the case of a tertiary institution—the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong (CPHK). Due to the high turnover experienced in recent years, it is found necessary to study the wastage pattern of staff, defined as the number of new appointees who have left CPHK employment, rather than simply addressing just the issue of strength (namely number in post). A Cohort Analysis technique is therefore applied to characterize statistically the wastage rate as related to the length of service of individual Cohorts of staff, being groups of newcomers joining CPHK in the same periods of time. This results in a log-normal model, showing a significant Cohort specific effect on the wastage behaviour. Extending this Cohort Analysis technique, together with double exponential smoothing forecasts, to future retention rates (1 — cumulative wastage rates), a long-term planning model is constructed to study the relation between expected yearly recruitment levels and the target manpower requirements for the future five-year planning horizon. While the idea and model developed here are generally applicable, the present computational results provide valuable decision supports for an actual case study, for CPHK in particular.

  • Cohort Analysis Technique for Long-Term Manpower Planning: The Case of a Hong Kong Tertiary Institution
    The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1994
    Co-Authors: Sydney C. K. Chu, C. K. Y. Lin
    Abstract:

    This paper considers the problem of long-term manpower planning on the number of teaching staff for the case of a tertiary institution - the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong (CPHK). Due to the high turnover experienced in recent years, it is found necessary to study the wastage pattern of staff, defined as the number of new appointees who have left CPHK employment, rather than simply addressing just the issue of strength (namely number in post). A Cohort Analysis technique is therefore applied to characterize statistically the wastage rate as related to the length of service of individual Cohorts of staff, being groups of newcomers joining CPHK in the same periods of time. This results in a log-normal model, showing a significant Cohort specific effect on the wastage behaviour. Extending this Cohort Analysis technique, together with double exponential smoothing forecasts, to future retention rates (1 - cumulative wastage rates), a long-term planning model is constructed to study the relation between expected yearly recruitment levels and the target manpower requirements for the future five-year planning horizon. While the idea and model developed here are generally applicable, the present computational results provide valuable decision supports for an actual case study, for CPHK in particular.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Alexander Lex - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Composer-Visual Cohort Analysis of Patient Outcomes.
    Applied Clinical Informatics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jen Rogers, Nicholas Spina, Ashley Neese, Rachel Hess, Darrel S. Brodke, Alexander Lex
    Abstract:

    Visual Cohort Analysis utilizing electronic health record data has become an important tool in clinical assessment of patient outcomes. In this article, we introduce Composer, a visual Analysis tool for orthopedic surgeons to compare changes in physical functions of a patient Cohort following various spinal procedures. The goal of our project is to help researchers analyze outcomes of procedures and facilitate informed decision-making about treatment options between patient and clinician. In collaboration with orthopedic surgeons and researchers, we defined domain-specific user requirements to inform the design. We developed the tool in an iterative process with our collaborators to develop and refine functionality. With Composer, analysts can dynamically define a patient Cohort using demographic information, clinical parameters, and events in patient medical histories and then analyze patient-reported outcome scores for the Cohort over time, as well as compare it to other Cohorts. Using Composer's current iteration, we provide a usage scenario for use of the tool in a clinical setting. We have developed a prototype Cohort Analysis tool to help clinicians assess patient treatment options by analyzing prior cases with similar characteristics. Although Composer was designed using patient data specific to orthopedic research, we believe the tool is generalizable to other healthcare domains. A long-term goal for Composer is to develop the application into a shared decision-making tool that allows translation of comparison and Analysis from a clinician-facing interface into visual representations to communicate treatment options to patients. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  • Composer-Visual Cohort Analysis of Patient Outcomes.
    Applied Clinical Informatics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Rogers, Nicholas Spina, Ashley Neese, Rachel Hess, Darrel S. Brodke, Alexander Lex
    Abstract:

    Objective  Visual Cohort Analysis utilizing electronic health record data has become an important tool in clinical assessment of patient outcomes. In this article, we introduce Composer, a visual Analysis tool for orthopedic surgeons to compare changes in physical functions of a patient Cohort following various spinal procedures. The goal of our project is to help researchers analyze outcomes of procedures and facilitate informed decision-making about treatment options between patient and clinician. Methods  In collaboration with orthopedic surgeons and researchers, we defined domain-specific user requirements to inform the design. We developed the tool in an iterative process with our collaborators to develop and refine functionality. With Composer, analysts can dynamically define a patient Cohort using demographic information, clinical parameters, and events in patient medical histories and then analyze patient-reported outcome scores for the Cohort over time, as well as compare it to other Cohorts. Using Composer's current iteration, we provide a usage scenario for use of the tool in a clinical setting. Conclusion  We have developed a prototype Cohort Analysis tool to help clinicians assess patient treatment options by analyzing prior cases with similar characteristics. Although Composer was designed using patient data specific to orthopedic research, we believe the tool is generalizable to other healthcare domains. A long-term goal for Composer is to develop the application into a shared decision-making tool that allows translation of comparison and Analysis from a clinician-facing interface into visual representations to communicate treatment options to patients.

  • Composer: Visual Cohort Analysis of Patient Outcomes.
    arXiv: Human-Computer Interaction, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Rogers, Nicholas Spina, Ashley Neese, Rachel Hess, Darrel S. Brodke, Alexander Lex
    Abstract:

    Visual Cohort Analysis utilizing electronic health record (EHR) data has become an important tool in clinical assessment of patient outcomes. In this paper, we introduce Composer, a visual Analysis tool for orthopaedic surgeons to compare changes in physical functions of a patient Cohort following various spinal procedures. The goal of our project is to help researchers analyze outcomes of procedures and facilitate informed decision-making about treatment options between patient and clinician. With Composer, analysts can dynamically define a patient Cohort using demographic information, clinical parameters, and events in patient medical histories and then analyze patient-reported outcome scores for the Cohort over time, as well as compare it to other Cohorts. We describe a usage scenario for use of the tool in a clinical setting.

Sydney C. K. Chu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cohort Analysis Technique for Long-Term Manpower Planning: the Case of a Hong Kong Tertiary Institution
    Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1994
    Co-Authors: Sydney C. K. Chu, C. K. Y. Lin
    Abstract:

    This paper considers the problem of long-term manpower planning on the number of teaching staff for the case of a tertiary institution—the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong (CPHK). Due to the high turnover experienced in recent years, it is found necessary to study the wastage pattern of staff, defined as the number of new appointees who have left CPHK employment, rather than simply addressing just the issue of strength (namely number in post). A Cohort Analysis technique is therefore applied to characterize statistically the wastage rate as related to the length of service of individual Cohorts of staff, being groups of newcomers joining CPHK in the same periods of time. This results in a log-normal model, showing a significant Cohort specific effect on the wastage behaviour. Extending this Cohort Analysis technique, together with double exponential smoothing forecasts, to future retention rates (1 — cumulative wastage rates), a long-term planning model is constructed to study the relation between expected yearly recruitment levels and the target manpower requirements for the future five-year planning horizon. While the idea and model developed here are generally applicable, the present computational results provide valuable decision supports for an actual case study, for CPHK in particular.

  • Cohort Analysis Technique for Long-Term Manpower Planning: The Case of a Hong Kong Tertiary Institution
    The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 1994
    Co-Authors: Sydney C. K. Chu, C. K. Y. Lin
    Abstract:

    This paper considers the problem of long-term manpower planning on the number of teaching staff for the case of a tertiary institution - the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong (CPHK). Due to the high turnover experienced in recent years, it is found necessary to study the wastage pattern of staff, defined as the number of new appointees who have left CPHK employment, rather than simply addressing just the issue of strength (namely number in post). A Cohort Analysis technique is therefore applied to characterize statistically the wastage rate as related to the length of service of individual Cohorts of staff, being groups of newcomers joining CPHK in the same periods of time. This results in a log-normal model, showing a significant Cohort specific effect on the wastage behaviour. Extending this Cohort Analysis technique, together with double exponential smoothing forecasts, to future retention rates (1 - cumulative wastage rates), a long-term planning model is constructed to study the relation between expected yearly recruitment levels and the target manpower requirements for the future five-year planning horizon. While the idea and model developed here are generally applicable, the present computational results provide valuable decision supports for an actual case study, for CPHK in particular.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Kosei Fukuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Cohort Analysis of household vehicle expenditure in the U.S. and Japan: A possibility of generational marketing
    Marketing Letters, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kosei Fukuda
    Abstract:

    This paper shows the usefulness of Cohort Analysis for generational marketing. Aggregate data classified by age and period are decomposed into age, period, and generational Cohort effects. We compare two Cohort-Analysis models, the constrained multiple regression model and the Bayesian Cohort model. The empirical results that are common to the household vehicle expenditure ratio in the U.S. and Japan are as follows: (1) among a total of three effects, the period effect is the smallest; (2) with the exception of the latest birth Cohort, the Cohort effect shows a clear upward trend; (3) the age effect decreases in the 20s and 30s, and next increases with a peak detected in the late 50s, and finally decreases. We provide marketing implications for Cohort segmentation and forecasting.

  • A Cohort Analysis of US and Japanese Homeownership Rates
    European Journal of Housing Policy, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kosei Fukuda
    Abstract:

    Aggregate data of homeownership rates in the US and Japan, classified by period and by age, are decomposed into age, period, and Cohort effects using the Bayesian Cohort models which were developed to overcome the identification problem in Cohort Analysis. The main data-based findings are threefold. First, in both the countries, the age effects are the largest and the period effects are the smallest. Second, US and Japanese age effects are almost identical and consistent with some life cycle theories. Third, Cohort effects are larger in the US than in Japan. In particular, the downward trend in the US Cohort effects in the case of baby boomers is explained by two hypotheses. Furthermore, some policy implications are provided.

  • A Cohort Analysis of US Age-Earnings Profiles
    Bulletin of Economic Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Kosei Fukuda
    Abstract:

    Aggregate data on US earnings, classified by period and by age, are decomposed into age, period and Cohort effects, using the Bayesian Cohort models, which were developed to overcome the identification problem in Cohort Analysis. The main findings, obtained by comparing college and high school graduates, are threefold. First, the age effects show a downward trend for the age group of 4549 onwards for high school graduates but do not show any such trend for college graduates. Second, the period effects show a downward trend for high school graduates but reveal no such trend for college graduates. Third, the Cohort effects are negligible for both college and high school graduates.

  • A Cohort Analysis of female labor participation rates in the U.S. and Japan
    Review of Economics of the Household, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kosei Fukuda
    Abstract:

    Aggregate data of female labor participation rates in U.S. and Japan, classified by period and by age, are decomposed into age, period, and Cohort effects using innovative Bayesian Cohort models that were developed to overcome the identification problem in Cohort Analysis. The main findings are that in both countries, age effects are the largest and period effects are the smallest; in both countries, age effects are roughly consistent with life-cycle movements expected by labor economics, but the negative effects of marriage and/or childbearing on women?’s labor supply in Japan are much larger than those observed in the U.S.; and in both countries, upward movements of Cohort effects during 1930s–1960s were found. However, Cohort effects are larger for the U.S. than for Japan. All the Cohort results are roughly consistent with the marriage squeeze hypothesis and the Easterlin hypothesis.