The Experts below are selected from a list of 111462 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Mika Gissler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • temporal changes in the incidence of treated psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders during adolescence an analysis of two national finnish birth Cohorts
    The Lancet Psychiatry, 2018
    Co-Authors: David Gyllenberg, Mikko Marttila, Reijo Sund, Elina Jokirantaolkoniemi, Andre Sourander, Mika Gissler
    Abstract:

    Summary Background Comprehensive overviews of the temporal changes in treated psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders during adolescence are scarce. We reviewed data from two national Cohorts, 10 years apart, to establish the change in use of specialised services for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses in Finland. Methods We compared the nationwide register-based incidence of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diagnoses between the 12th birthday and 18th birthday of adolescents born in Finland in 1987 and 1997. Adolescents who emigrated or died before their 12th birthday and those with missing covariate data were excluded, as were those who, when aged 11 years, had lived in a municipality belonging to a hospital district with obviously incomplete data reports during any follow-up years in our study. Our primary outcomes were time to incident specialised service use for any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder and for 17 specific diagnostic classes. We also investigated whether adolescents who died by suicide had accessed specialised services before their deaths. Findings The cumulative incidence of psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders increased from 9·8 in the 1987 Cohort to 14·9 in the 1997 Cohort (Difference 5·2 percentage points [95% CI 4·8–5·5]) among girls, and from 6·2 in the 1987 Cohort to 8·8 in the 1997 (2·6 percentage points [2·4–2·9]) among boys. The hazard ratio for the overall relative increase in neurodevelopment and psychiatric disorders in the 1997 Cohort compared with the 1987 Cohort was 1·6 (95% CI 1·5–1·8) among girls and 1·5 (1·4–1·6) among boys. Of the studied diagnostic classes, we noted significant (ie, p Interpretation The large absolute rise in service use for psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders points to the need to deliver effective treatment to a rapidly increased patient population, whereas the relative increase in specific diagnoses should inform clinical practice. Despite increasing service use, identification of adolescents at risk of suicide remains a major public health priority. Funding Academy of Finland, Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, Finnish Medical Foundation.

Bianca Suanet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cohort Difference in age related trajectories in network size in old age are networks expanding
    Journals of Gerontology Series B-psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Bianca Suanet, Oliver Huxhold
    Abstract:

    Objectives Contemporary societal views on old age as well as a rise in retirement age raise the question whether patterns of stability and/or decline in network size as found in earlier studies similarly apply to later birth Cohorts of older adults. Methods Change score models are estimated to determine Cohort Differences in age-related trajectories in network size. Two birth Cohorts (1928-37 and 1938-47, 55-64 at baseline in 1992 and 2002) of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam are followed across 4 observations over a time span of 9 years. Results Age-related trajectories in network size differ between the early and late birth Cohort. The late birth Cohort makes large gains in network size around retirement age, but this increase does not hold over time. Increased educational level and larger diversity in social roles relate to the Cohort Difference. Nonetheless, Cohort Difference prevails even after adjusting for these factors. Discussion The peak level in the network size in the late birth Cohort hints at stronger preference and more opportunities to gain and maintain social relationships around retirement age in the current societal structure and culture. The subsequent drop-off in network size suggests that these ties are mostly used to adapt to the retirement transition.

  • social network type and informal care use in later life a comparison of three dutch birth Cohorts aged 75 84
    Ageing & Society, 2017
    Co-Authors: Bianca Suanet, M Broese I Van Groenou, Theo G Van Tilburg
    Abstract:

    Recent societal changes have increased the salience of non-kin relationships. It can be questioned whether network types that are more strongly non-kin-based give more informal care nowadays. We study how informal care use differs according to network type for three birth Cohorts. Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) on older adults aged 75–84 years, interviewed in 1992, 2002 and 2012, respectively (total sample size N = 2,151, analytical sample having functional limitations N = 926). We found four network types: restricted, family-focused with a partner, family-focused without a partner and wider community-focused diverse networks. Wider community-focused diverse networks are more common in the late birth Cohort, whereas restricted networks and family-focused networks without a partner are less common. Logistic regression analyses reveal that those in a family-focused network with a partner use informal care more often than those in the other three network types, and insignificant interaction terms show that this does not differ by birth Cohort. Irrespective of their network type, those in the late birth Cohort use informal care less often. However, after controlling for need, predisposing and context factors, this Cohort-Difference is no longer significant. We conclude that despite large-scale societal changes, wider community-focused diverse networks do not provide more informal care than before and that among the functionally impaired, the odds of receiving informal care does not decline across birth Cohorts.

Sally Haw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • clustering of substance use and sexual risk behaviour in adolescence analysis of two Cohort studies
    BMJ Open, 2012
    Co-Authors: Caroline A Jackson, Helen Sweeting, Sally Haw
    Abstract:

    Objectives The authors aimed to examine whether changes in health risk behaviour rates alter the relationships between behaviours during adolescence, by comparing clustering of risk behaviours at different time points. Design Comparison of two Cohort studies, the Twenty-07 Study (‘earlier Cohort’, surveyed in 1987 and 1990) and the 11-16/16+ Study (‘later Cohort’, surveyed 1999 and 2003). Setting Central Clydeside Conurbation around Glasgow City. Participants Young people who participated in the Twenty-07 and 11-16/16+ studies at ages 15 and 18–19. Primary and secondary outcomes measures The authors analysed data on risk behaviours in both early adolescence (started smoking prior to age 14, monthly drinking and ever used illicit drugs at age 15 and sexual intercourse prior to age 16) and late adolescence (age 18–19, current smoking, excessive drinking, ever used illicit drugs and multiple sexual partners) by gender and social class. Results Drinking, illicit drug use and risky sexual behaviour (but not smoking) increased between the earlier and later Cohort, especially among girls. The authors found strong associations between substance use and sexual risk behaviour during early and late adolescence, with few Differences between Cohorts, or by gender or social class. Adjusted ORs for associations between each substance and sexual risk behaviour were around 2.00. The only significant between-Cohort Difference was a stronger association between female early adolescent smoking and early sexual initiation in the later Cohort. Also, relationships between illicit drug use and both early sexual initiation and multiple sexual partners in late adolescence were significantly stronger among girls than boys in the later Cohort. Conclusions Despite changes in rates, relationships between adolescent risk behaviours remain strong, irrespective of gender and social class. This indicates a need for improved risk behaviour prevention in young people, perhaps through a holistic approach, that addresses the broad shared determinants of various risk behaviours.

Oliver Huxhold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cohort Difference in age related trajectories in network size in old age are networks expanding
    Journals of Gerontology Series B-psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Bianca Suanet, Oliver Huxhold
    Abstract:

    Objectives Contemporary societal views on old age as well as a rise in retirement age raise the question whether patterns of stability and/or decline in network size as found in earlier studies similarly apply to later birth Cohorts of older adults. Methods Change score models are estimated to determine Cohort Differences in age-related trajectories in network size. Two birth Cohorts (1928-37 and 1938-47, 55-64 at baseline in 1992 and 2002) of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam are followed across 4 observations over a time span of 9 years. Results Age-related trajectories in network size differ between the early and late birth Cohort. The late birth Cohort makes large gains in network size around retirement age, but this increase does not hold over time. Increased educational level and larger diversity in social roles relate to the Cohort Difference. Nonetheless, Cohort Difference prevails even after adjusting for these factors. Discussion The peak level in the network size in the late birth Cohort hints at stronger preference and more opportunities to gain and maintain social relationships around retirement age in the current societal structure and culture. The subsequent drop-off in network size suggests that these ties are mostly used to adapt to the retirement transition.

Helen Christensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.