The Experts below are selected from a list of 37764 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hana M. Dobrovolny - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Superinfection and cell regeneration can lead to chronic viral Coinfections
Journal of theoretical biology, 2019Co-Authors: Lubna Pinky, Gilberto González-parra, Hana M. DobrovolnyAbstract:Molecular diagnostic techniques have revealed that approximately 43% of the patients hospitalized with influenza-like illness are infected by more than one viral pathogen, sometimes leading to long-lasting infections. It is not clear how the heterologous viruses interact within the respiratory tract of the infected host to lengthen the duration of what are usually short, self-limiting infections. We develop a mathematical model which allows for single cells to be infected simultaneously with two different respiratory viruses (superinfection) to investigate the possibility of chronic Coinfections. We find that a model with superinfection and cell regeneration has a stable chronic Coinfection fixed point, while superinfection without cell regeneration produces only acute infections. This analysis suggests that both superinfection and cell regeneration are required to sustain chronic Coinfection via this mechanism since Coinfection is maintained by superinfected cells that allow slow-growing infections a chance to infect cells and continue replicating. This model provides a possible mechanism for chronic Coinfection independent of any viral interactions via the immune response.
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Coinfections of the Respiratory Tract: Viral Competition for Resources.
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: Lubna Pinky, Hana M. DobrovolnyAbstract:Studies have shown that simultaneous infection of the respiratory tract with at least two viruses is common in hospitalized patients, although it is not clear whether these infections are more or less severe than single virus infections. We use a mathematical model to study the dynamics of viral Coinfection of the respiratory tract in an effort to understand the kinetics of these infections. Specifically, we use our model to investigate Coinfections of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Our study shows that during Coinfections, one virus can block another simply by being the first to infect the available host cells; there is no need for viral interference through immune response interactions. We use the model to calculate the duration of detectable Coinfection and examine how it varies as initial viral dose and time of infection are varied. We find that rhinovirus, the fastest-growing virus, reduces replication of the remaining viruses during a Coinfection, while parainfluenza virus, the slowest-growing virus is suppressed in the presence of other viruses.
Peter J. Hornsby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improved Coinfection with amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors.
Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2009Co-Authors: David W. Melton, Yong Zhang, Peter J. HornsbyAbstract:Amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors have typically been used to infect target cells without prior concentration. Although this can yield high rates of infection, higher rates may be needed where highly efficient Coinfection of two or more vectors is needed. In this investigation we used amphotropic retroviral vectors produced by the Plat-A cell line and studied Coinfection rates using green and red fluorescent proteins (EGFP and dsRed2). Target cells were primary human fibroblasts (PHF) and 3T3 cells. Unconcentrated vector preparations produced a Coinfection rate of approximately 4% (defined as cells that are both red and green as a percentage of all cells infected). Optimized spinoculation, comprising centrifugation at 1200 g for 2 hours at 15 degrees C, increased the Coinfection rate to approximately 10%. Concentration by centrifugation at 10,000 g or by flocculation using Polybrene increased the Coinfection rate to approximately 25%. Combining the two processes, concentration by Polybrene flocculation and optimized spinoculation, increased the Coinfection rate to 35% (3T3) or >50% (PHF). Improved Coinfection should be valuable in protocols that require high transduction by combinations of two or more retroviral vectors.
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Improved Coinfection with amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors.
Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2009Co-Authors: David W. Melton, Yong Zhang, Peter J. HornsbyAbstract:Amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors have typically been used to infect target cells without prior concentration. Although this can yield high rates of infection, higher rates may be needed where highly efficient Coinfection of two or more vectors is needed. In this investigation we used amphotropic retroviral vectors produced by the Plat-A cell line and studied Coinfection rates using green and red fluorescent proteins (EGFP and dsRed2). Target cells were primary human fibroblasts (PHF) and 3T3 cells. Unconcentrated vector preparations produced a Coinfection rate of 4% (defined as cells that are both red and green as a percentage of all cells infected). Optimized spinoculation, comprising centrifugation at 1200 g for 2 hours at , increased the Coinfection rate to 10%. Concentration by centrifugation at 10,000 g or by flocculation using Polybrene increased the Coinfection rate to 25%. Combining the two processes, concentration by Polybrene flocculation and optimized spinoculation, increased the Coinfection rate to 35% (3T3) or 50% (PHF). Improved Coinfection should be valuable in protocols that require high transduction by combinations of two or more retroviral vectors.
Lubna Pinky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Superinfection and cell regeneration can lead to chronic viral Coinfections
Journal of theoretical biology, 2019Co-Authors: Lubna Pinky, Gilberto González-parra, Hana M. DobrovolnyAbstract:Molecular diagnostic techniques have revealed that approximately 43% of the patients hospitalized with influenza-like illness are infected by more than one viral pathogen, sometimes leading to long-lasting infections. It is not clear how the heterologous viruses interact within the respiratory tract of the infected host to lengthen the duration of what are usually short, self-limiting infections. We develop a mathematical model which allows for single cells to be infected simultaneously with two different respiratory viruses (superinfection) to investigate the possibility of chronic Coinfections. We find that a model with superinfection and cell regeneration has a stable chronic Coinfection fixed point, while superinfection without cell regeneration produces only acute infections. This analysis suggests that both superinfection and cell regeneration are required to sustain chronic Coinfection via this mechanism since Coinfection is maintained by superinfected cells that allow slow-growing infections a chance to infect cells and continue replicating. This model provides a possible mechanism for chronic Coinfection independent of any viral interactions via the immune response.
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Coinfections of the Respiratory Tract: Viral Competition for Resources.
PloS one, 2016Co-Authors: Lubna Pinky, Hana M. DobrovolnyAbstract:Studies have shown that simultaneous infection of the respiratory tract with at least two viruses is common in hospitalized patients, although it is not clear whether these infections are more or less severe than single virus infections. We use a mathematical model to study the dynamics of viral Coinfection of the respiratory tract in an effort to understand the kinetics of these infections. Specifically, we use our model to investigate Coinfections of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, and human metapneumovirus. Our study shows that during Coinfections, one virus can block another simply by being the first to infect the available host cells; there is no need for viral interference through immune response interactions. We use the model to calculate the duration of detectable Coinfection and examine how it varies as initial viral dose and time of infection are varied. We find that rhinovirus, the fastest-growing virus, reduces replication of the remaining viruses during a Coinfection, while parainfluenza virus, the slowest-growing virus is suppressed in the presence of other viruses.
Jien-wei Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coinfection with leptospirosis and scrub typhus in Taiwanese patients.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2007Co-Authors: Chen-hsiang Lee, Jien-wei LiuAbstract:We retrospectively analyzed patients with leptospirosis (n = 35), scrub typhus (n = 45), and Coinfection (leptospirosis and scrub typhus [n = 7]) to facilitate the detection of Coinfection. Our data showed that factors favoring these disease entities included animal contact, an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio > 2 (for leptospirosis); outdoor exposure, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, eschar, and elevated alkaline phosphatase levels (for scrub typhus and Coinfection); calf tenderness, conjunctival suffusion, jaundice, oliguria, elevated total bilirubin levels and serum creatinine levels (for leptospirosis and Coinfection); and maculopapular rash (for scrub typhus). Patients at risk for leptospirosis are often at increased risk for scrub typhus and vice versa. Lack of knowledge of Coinfection may jeopardize the health of affected patients. Our study serves as a reminder of potential Coinfection and provides clues for its detection.
David W. Melton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improved Coinfection with amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors.
Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2009Co-Authors: David W. Melton, Yong Zhang, Peter J. HornsbyAbstract:Amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors have typically been used to infect target cells without prior concentration. Although this can yield high rates of infection, higher rates may be needed where highly efficient Coinfection of two or more vectors is needed. In this investigation we used amphotropic retroviral vectors produced by the Plat-A cell line and studied Coinfection rates using green and red fluorescent proteins (EGFP and dsRed2). Target cells were primary human fibroblasts (PHF) and 3T3 cells. Unconcentrated vector preparations produced a Coinfection rate of approximately 4% (defined as cells that are both red and green as a percentage of all cells infected). Optimized spinoculation, comprising centrifugation at 1200 g for 2 hours at 15 degrees C, increased the Coinfection rate to approximately 10%. Concentration by centrifugation at 10,000 g or by flocculation using Polybrene increased the Coinfection rate to approximately 25%. Combining the two processes, concentration by Polybrene flocculation and optimized spinoculation, increased the Coinfection rate to 35% (3T3) or >50% (PHF). Improved Coinfection should be valuable in protocols that require high transduction by combinations of two or more retroviral vectors.
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Improved Coinfection with amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors.
Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2009Co-Authors: David W. Melton, Yong Zhang, Peter J. HornsbyAbstract:Amphotropic pseudotyped retroviral vectors have typically been used to infect target cells without prior concentration. Although this can yield high rates of infection, higher rates may be needed where highly efficient Coinfection of two or more vectors is needed. In this investigation we used amphotropic retroviral vectors produced by the Plat-A cell line and studied Coinfection rates using green and red fluorescent proteins (EGFP and dsRed2). Target cells were primary human fibroblasts (PHF) and 3T3 cells. Unconcentrated vector preparations produced a Coinfection rate of 4% (defined as cells that are both red and green as a percentage of all cells infected). Optimized spinoculation, comprising centrifugation at 1200 g for 2 hours at , increased the Coinfection rate to 10%. Concentration by centrifugation at 10,000 g or by flocculation using Polybrene increased the Coinfection rate to 25%. Combining the two processes, concentration by Polybrene flocculation and optimized spinoculation, increased the Coinfection rate to 35% (3T3) or 50% (PHF). Improved Coinfection should be valuable in protocols that require high transduction by combinations of two or more retroviral vectors.
