The Experts below are selected from a list of 58809 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jiayang Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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critical roles of soluble starch synthase ssiiia and granule bound starch synthase waxy in synthesizing resistant starch in rice
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Hongju Zhou, Lijun Wang, Xiangbing Meng, Yanhui Jing, Xiangli Kong, Hong Yu, Steven M Smith, Dianxing Wu, Jiayang LiAbstract:Changes in human lifestyle and food consumption have resulted in a large increase in the incidence of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and Colon Disease, especially in Asia. These conditions are a growing threat to human health, but consumption of foods high in resistant starch (RS) can potentially reduce their incidence. Strategies to increase RS in rice are limited by a lack of knowledge of its molecular basis. Through map-based cloning of a RS locus in indica rice, we have identified a defective soluble starch synthase gene (SSIIIa) responsible for RS production and further showed that RS production is dependent on the high expression of the Waxya (Wxa) allele, which is prevalent in indica varieties. The resulting RS has modified granule structure; high amylose, lipid, and amylose–lipid complex; and altered physicochemical properties. This discovery provides an opportunity to increase RS content of cooked rice, especially in the indica varieties, which predominates in southern Asia.
Christian P Selinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term follow up reveals low incidence of colorectal cancer but frequent need for resection among australian patients with inflammatory bowel Disease
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2014Co-Authors: Christian P Selinger, Jane M Andrews, Andrew Titman, Ian D Norton, Brian D Jones, Charles Mcdonald, Gavin Barr, Warwick Selby, Rupert W LeongAbstract:Background & Aims Inflammatory bowel Disease can require surgical resection and also lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the cumulative incidence of resection surgeries and CRC among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's Disease (CD). Methods We analyzed data from a cohort of patients who participated in an inflammatory bowel Disease study (504 with UC and 377 with CD) at 2 academic medical centers in Sydney, Australia from 1977 to 1992 (before the development of biologic therapies). We collected follow-up data on surgeries and development of CRC from hospital and community medical records or via direct contact with patients during a median time period of 14 years. Cumulative incidences of resection surgeries and CRC were calculated by competing risk survival analysis. Results Among patients with UC, CRC developed in 24, for a cumulative incidence of 1% at 10 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%–2%), 3% at 20 years (95% CI, 1%–5%), and 7% at 30 years (95% CI, 4%–10%). Their cumulative incidence of colectomy was 15% at 10 years (95% CI, 11%–19%), 26% at 20 years (95% CI, 21%–30%), and 31% at 30 years (95% CI, 25%–36%). Among patients with CD, 5 of 327 with Colon Disease developed CRC, with a cumulative incidence of CRC of 1% at 10 years (95% CI, 0%–2%), 1% at 20 years (95% CI, 0%–2%), and 2% at 30 years (95% CI, 0%–4%). Among all patients with CD, the cumulative incidence of resection was 32% at 5 years (95% CI, 27%–37%), 43% at 10 years (95% CI, 37%–49%), and 53% at 15 years (95% CI, 46%–58%). Of these 168 subjects, 42% required a second resection within 15 years of the first surgery (95% CI, 33%–50%). Conclusions Patients with UC have a low incidence of CRC during a 30-year period (7% or less); the incidence among patients with CD is even lower. However, almost one-third of patients with UC and about 50% of those with CD will require surgery.
Steven M Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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critical roles of soluble starch synthase ssiiia and granule bound starch synthase waxy in synthesizing resistant starch in rice
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Hongju Zhou, Lijun Wang, Xiangbing Meng, Yanhui Jing, Xiangli Kong, Hong Yu, Steven M Smith, Dianxing Wu, Jiayang LiAbstract:Changes in human lifestyle and food consumption have resulted in a large increase in the incidence of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and Colon Disease, especially in Asia. These conditions are a growing threat to human health, but consumption of foods high in resistant starch (RS) can potentially reduce their incidence. Strategies to increase RS in rice are limited by a lack of knowledge of its molecular basis. Through map-based cloning of a RS locus in indica rice, we have identified a defective soluble starch synthase gene (SSIIIa) responsible for RS production and further showed that RS production is dependent on the high expression of the Waxya (Wxa) allele, which is prevalent in indica varieties. The resulting RS has modified granule structure; high amylose, lipid, and amylose–lipid complex; and altered physicochemical properties. This discovery provides an opportunity to increase RS content of cooked rice, especially in the indica varieties, which predominates in southern Asia.
Ulla Mandel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucins and associated glycan signatures in Colon adenoma carcinoma sequence prospective pathological implication s for early diagnosis of Colon cancer
Cancer Letters, 2016Co-Authors: Shiv Ram Krishn, Maneesh Jain, Shailendra K. Gautam, Michael A Hollingsworth, Sukhwinder Kaur, Lynette M Smith, Sonny L Johansson, Asish Patel, Ulla MandelAbstract:Development of biomarkers that detect early stage resectable premalignant lesions of Colon can provide critical aid in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Recent lines of evidence suggest the utility of mucin expression to predict malignant transformation of Colon pre-neoplastic lesions. In this study, we investigated the combined expression of multiple mucins and mucin-associated glycans during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of Colon cancer progression. Further, we evaluated their applicability as markers for differentiating adenomas/adenocarcinomas from hyperplastic polyps. Immunohistochemical analyses performed on Colon Disease tissue microarrays revealed downregulation of MUC2 and MUC4 expression (p < 0.0001) while MUC1 and MUC5AC expressions were upregulated (p = 0.01) during adenoma-adenocarcinoma progression. Expression of MUC17 was downregulated in inflamed tissues compared to normal tissues, but its increased expression differentiated adenomas (p = 0.0028) and adenocarcinomas (p = 0.025) from inflammation. Glycan epitope-Tn/STn on MUC1 showed higher expression in hyperplastic polyps (p = 0.023), adenomas (p = 0.042) and adenocarcinomas (p = 0.0096) compared to normal tissues. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that a combination of MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC17 could effectively discriminate adenoma-adenocarcinoma from hyperplastic polyps. Altogether, a combined analysis of altered mucins and mucin-associated glycans is a useful approach to distinguish premalignant/malignant lesions of Colon from benign polyps.
Michael A Hollingsworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucins and associated glycan signatures in Colon adenoma carcinoma sequence prospective pathological implication s for early diagnosis of Colon cancer
Cancer Letters, 2016Co-Authors: Shiv Ram Krishn, Maneesh Jain, Shailendra K. Gautam, Michael A Hollingsworth, Sukhwinder Kaur, Lynette M Smith, Sonny L Johansson, Asish Patel, Ulla MandelAbstract:Development of biomarkers that detect early stage resectable premalignant lesions of Colon can provide critical aid in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Recent lines of evidence suggest the utility of mucin expression to predict malignant transformation of Colon pre-neoplastic lesions. In this study, we investigated the combined expression of multiple mucins and mucin-associated glycans during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of Colon cancer progression. Further, we evaluated their applicability as markers for differentiating adenomas/adenocarcinomas from hyperplastic polyps. Immunohistochemical analyses performed on Colon Disease tissue microarrays revealed downregulation of MUC2 and MUC4 expression (p < 0.0001) while MUC1 and MUC5AC expressions were upregulated (p = 0.01) during adenoma-adenocarcinoma progression. Expression of MUC17 was downregulated in inflamed tissues compared to normal tissues, but its increased expression differentiated adenomas (p = 0.0028) and adenocarcinomas (p = 0.025) from inflammation. Glycan epitope-Tn/STn on MUC1 showed higher expression in hyperplastic polyps (p = 0.023), adenomas (p = 0.042) and adenocarcinomas (p = 0.0096) compared to normal tissues. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that a combination of MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC17 could effectively discriminate adenoma-adenocarcinoma from hyperplastic polyps. Altogether, a combined analysis of altered mucins and mucin-associated glycans is a useful approach to distinguish premalignant/malignant lesions of Colon from benign polyps.